Kūkākūkā ʻia ke kumu o ka hana electroplating o ka valve puka

Kūkākūkā ʻia ke kumu o ka hana electroplating o ka valve puka

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o nā kino valve kino i loko o ka cobalt base alloy spray welding ʻo ka maʻamau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I ka hana kuʻi ʻana, hoʻopuka ka arc i kahi wai solubilization, e hoʻomau i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kūlana kuʻi, a hāʻule koke ka mahana ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, a hoʻoheheʻe ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i ka welding. Inā haʻahaʻa ka wela wela, pono e hoʻemi koke ʻia ka mahana o ka papa kuʻi. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki o ka papa kuʻi, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka papa kuʻi ʻana ma mua o ka wikiwiki o ka shrinkage o ke kino valve. Ma lalo o ka hana o ia koʻikoʻi, hana koke ka papa kuʻihao a me ka mea kumu i kahi koʻikoʻi tensile kūloko, a ua haki ka papa kuʻi. ʻO ke kūlana hana o ka pahu mana mana he 540¡æ kiʻekiʻe wela wela, no laila ʻo ka mea nui o ka valve puka he 25 a i ʻole 12crmov, kino valve. No laila, ʻo ka mea nui o ka valve gate he 25 a i ʻole 12crmov, a ʻo ka mea maka o ka valve body spray welding he cobalt-base alloy d802(sti6) welding wire.
Pili ka d802 i ka edcocr -A ma ka kiko'ī gb984, ua like ia me ercocr -A ma aws.
Hiki ke wehe mau ʻia a pani ʻia nā mea maka d802 mai ka ultra-high pressure a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana wela, me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ka hopena hopena, ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka pale cavitation.
ʻO ka weld metala o ErCoCr-A electrode a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka uea hoʻopihapiha i ka kikoʻī Aws i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano subeutectic e pili ana i kahi 13% chromium cementite eutectic network i hoʻohele ʻia i ka Cochromium-tungsten ion crystal substrate. ʻO ka hopena he hui kūpono o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka mea maka i ka pōʻino haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka paʻakikī e pono ai ke pale aku i ka hopena o kekahi ʻano o ke kahe kaʻina.
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka ʻaʻahu Cobalt i ka ʻaʻahu metala, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana ma lalo o ka ukana kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki ke hāʻawi aku i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation.
Ke noho pumehana ka metala hehee o ka hookui kobalt (ma loko o 650¡æ), ʻaʻole emi loa kona ikaika. Ke piʻi wale ka mahana ma luna o 650¡æ, e emi loa kona ikaika. Ke hoʻi ka mahana i ke kūlana wela maʻamau, e hoʻi kona ikaika i ka paʻakikī mua.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka wā e lawe ai ka mea kumu i ka mālama wela ma hope o ka welding, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o ka ili. Pono e kāpī ʻia ka valve o ka mana mana me ka cobalt-based alloy ma ka lua waena o ke kino valve e hana i ke alo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe valve ma ka arc welding. No ka mea, aia ka maka ma ka ʻaoʻao hohonu o ka lua waena o ke kino valve, ʻo ka wiliwili ʻana ka mea e hana ai i nā hemahema e like me ka welding noddle a me ka māwae.
Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka lua pāpaʻu d802 ma ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā laʻana e like me ka mea e pono ai. ʻIke ʻia ke kumu o ka haʻalele maʻalahi ma ka loulou hoʻokolohua kaʻina.
¢Ù ʻO nā mea wiliwili i ka pollution kaiapuni.
¢Ú Hoʻomoʻa nā mea wiliwili i ka makū.
¢Û ʻO ka mea kumu a me ka metala hoʻopiha piha ka nui o nā haumia a me nā ʻaila ʻaila.
¢Ü ʻO ke kūlana hoʻoheheʻe ʻo ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ke kino valve ka nui e ka wili uila (ʻoi aku ka dn32 ~ 50mm).
(5) ʻAʻole kūpono ke kūlana ʻenehana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka welding.
ʻAʻole kūpono ke kaʻina hana kuʻi.
¢ß ʻaʻole kūpono ke koho ʻana i nā mea wili. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o nā kino valve kino i loko o ka cobalt base alloy spray welding ʻo ka maʻamau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I ka hana kuʻi ʻana, hoʻopuka ka arc i kahi wai solubilization, e hoʻomau i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kūlana kuʻi, a hāʻule koke ka mahana ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, a hoʻoheheʻe ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i ka welding. Inā haʻahaʻa ka wela wela, pono e hoʻemi koke ʻia ka mahana o ka papa kuʻi. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki o ka papa kuʻi, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka papa kuʻi ʻana ma mua o ka wikiwiki o ka shrinkage o ke kino valve. Ma lalo o ka hana o ia koʻikoʻi, hana koke ka papa kuʻihao a me ka mea kumu i kahi koʻikoʻi tensile kūloko, a ua haki ka papa kuʻi. Pono e pāpā ʻia nā kihi Bevel i ka wā e hana ai i nā kūlana wili.
He haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana wela, a hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia ka wela i ka wā o ka hana kuʻi.
He haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana o ka papa paʻa, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka papa hau hau no nā mea maka.
ʻO ka mea welding material cobalt base alloy iho he ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe, i ka wā e hana ana ma 500 ~ 700¡æ, hiki i ka ikaika ke mālama i ka 300 ~ 500hb, akā haʻahaʻa kona ductility, nāwaliwali ka pale ʻana, maʻalahi e hana i nā māwae aniani a i ʻole nā ​​māwae anu. no laila pono e wela ma mua o ka wili ʻana.
ʻO ka mahana wela e pili ana i ka nui o ka mea hana, a ʻo ka laulā hoʻomehana ākea he 350-500¡æ.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka uhi electrode welding ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai.
I ka wā wili, hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka keke ma 150¡æ no 1h a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka cylinder insulation uea kuʻi.
Pono e like ka nui o ke arc r Angle o ka wiliwili lua pāpaʻu e like me ka hiki, ma ke ʻano he r¡Ý3mm, inā ʻae ke kaʻina hana.
dn10 ~ 25mm caliber valve kino hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka lalo o ka lua pāpaʻu me ka uwea kuʻi, e hōʻoia i ka wela o ka papa paʻa ¡Ý250*(2, ma ka waena o ke arc, arc e lohi i ka wikiwiki i ʻōlelo ʻia.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka mea hana huahana i ka umu (250¡æ) i 350 10 20¡æ ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana. Ma hope o 1.5h o ka insulation wela, ua lawe ʻia ka welding.
Ma ka manawa like e hoʻomalu i ka mahana o ka papa paʻa ¡Ý250c, e hoʻopuehu i ka wiliwili i ka hopena a pau o ka ʻili wili. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiliʻana, pono e hoʻokomo kokeʻia ke kino valve i loko o ka umu ahi (450¡æ) no ka hoʻouluʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻouluʻana. Ke hoʻopauʻia ka mahana o ka pahu a iʻole ka wela welding o ka umu ahi i ka 710¡À20¡æ, mālamaʻia ka wela wela a me ka hoʻouluʻana no 2h a laila e hoʻomahaʻia me ka umu. Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana wela dn ma mua o 32mm, pono e hoʻopili mua ʻia ke kino valve i ke ʻano au e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o ka elasticity ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻoʻoleʻa nui ma hope o ka pīpī ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pahu kobalt. Ma mua o ka hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka mea hana huahana, hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea hana huahana i loko o ka umu (ʻo 250¡æ ka mana wela), hoʻomehana ʻia i 450 ~ 500¡æ, ka wela wela a paʻa no 2 mau hola, a hoʻolaha ʻia ka welding. .
ʻO ka mua, e kāpīpī i ka ʻili me ka cobalt-based alloy welding wire, a hoʻopau i ka wili ʻala o kēlā me kēia papa. I ka manawa like, e hoʻomalu i ka mahana ma waena o nā papa ¡Ý250¡æ, a e kāpīpī i ka ʻula ma hope o ka hopena.
A laila e hoʻololi i ka uea kila kuhiliʻole martensitic (cr kiʻekiʻe, ni mea pili i ka uea kuhili ʻole) e wili i ka weld ʻano U. Ma hope o ka pauʻana o ka hoʻopili uila o ke kino valve, e hoʻokomo kokeʻia i loko o ka umu ahi (450¡æ) no ka hoʻonā wela a me ka mālamaʻana i ka wela. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wili uila o kēia pūʻulu a i ʻole ka umu, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka mahana i 720¡À20¡æ no ke kinai ʻana.
ʻO 150¡æ / h ka helu hoʻomehana, a mālama ʻia ka insulation wela no 2 mau hola.
Electroplating tank loaʻa ʻelua mau pae uila, ka mea hana huahana maʻamau e like me ka cathode, hoʻololi i ka mana komo ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kahua electrostatic ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ma lalo o ka mana o ka electrostatic field metala ion a i ʻole thiocyanogen root i ka hoʻoili cathode, a kokoke i ka ʻili cathode e hana i ka mea i kapaia papa papalua, Ma keia hihia, o ka ion kuʻina a puni ka cathode mea uuku ma mua o ka mea i loko o ka 'āina e pale aku i ka cathode, i hiki ke alakai i ka lōʻihi-mamao ion hoʻoili.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā iona maikaʻi metala a i ʻole thiocyanogen e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ion paʻakikī, e like me ka papa pālua a hiki i ka ʻili cathode e hoʻoulu i ka hopena oxidation e hana i nā molekala metala.
Electroplating kaʻina electroplating mōʻaukala mea ma mua, ka ili lapaʻau kaʻina hana ma ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka noiʻi a me ka ulu ana mea nui e halawai kanaka corrosion kaohi a me ka nani pono.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ʻo ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā kaʻina hana hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puka ʻana mai o kekahi mau mea uhi hou a me ka ʻenehana plating composite ua hoʻonui nui i ke kahua noi o ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau, a lilo ia i lilo. he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻolālā ʻenekinia honua.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana electroplating kekahi o nā ʻenehana electrodeposition metala. He hana ia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka alluvium metala ma ka ʻili paʻa ma o ka electrolysis. ʻO kāna kumu e hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona ili o nā mea waiwai paʻa, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helehelena, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, pale ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa friction, a i ʻole hoʻomākaukau i ka pale metala me nā hiʻohiʻona haku mele kūikawā. Hāʻawi i nā hiʻohiʻona uila kūikawā, magnetic, optical, thermal a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka electrodeposition metala ma ka cathode i haku ʻia i nā kaʻina hana aʻe1) ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoili wela o nā ion maikaʻi i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia a i ʻole ko lākou mau aʻa thiocyanogen i loko o ka lithium battery electrolyte i ka cathode (mea hana huahana) ʻili a i ʻole ka ʻili o ka hoʻololi ʻana ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa.2) ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻili o nā ion maikaʻi a i ʻole ko lākou aʻa thiocyanogen ma luna o ka ʻili o ka pae uila a ma ka papa wai kokoke i ka ʻili o ke kaʻina hana o ka oxidation, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ligand thiocyanogen a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka helu coordination.3) kaʻina photocatalytic nā ion metala a i ʻole thiocyanogen ma ka cathode e loaʻa ai nā electrons, i loko o nā molekala metala 4) ke kaʻina hana hana hou e hana ai i kahi hana hou, e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka metala a i ʻole ke alumini alumini. Loaʻa i ka pahu Electroplating 2 mau pae uila, mea hana huahana maʻamau e like me ka cathode, hoʻololi i ke komo ʻana o ka mana ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi kahua electrostatic ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ma lalo o ka mana o ka electrostatic field metala ion a i ʻole thiocyanogen root i ka cathode transfer, a kokoke i ka cathode ili e hana i ka mea i kapaia papalua papa, laila ka cathode e hoopuni ana ion iona mea emi ma mua o ka Ion kuʻina i loko o ka wahi e pale aku i ka cathode, hiki ke alakai i ka lōʻihi-mamao hoʻoili o nā ion.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā iona maikaʻi metala a i ʻole thiocyanogen e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ion paʻakikī, e like me ka papa pālua a hiki i ka ʻili cathode e hoʻoulu i ka hopena oxidation e hana i nā molekala metala.
ʻAʻole like ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ion maikaʻi ma kēlā me kēia kiko ma ka ʻili cathode. Ma ka node a me ka Acute Angle o ke aniani, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika o kēia manawa a me ka hana electrostatic ma mua o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe o ke aniani. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka adsorption o ka molecular unsaturated fat ma ka node crystal acute Angle. A ma ʻaneʻi ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma kēia pūnaewele i ka lattice mau o nā molekala i loko o ka metala. ʻO ke kahua hoʻoili a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kēia ion maikaʻi ʻo ia ka maka o ka aniani metala i uhi ʻia.
I ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā maka ma ke aniani, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa o ka ulu monatomic i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi alapiʻi waiwai waho. No ka mea, aia ka ili mau o ka metala cathode i ke koʻikoʻi o ka lepo i hoʻonui ʻia e ka ikaika mau o ka lattice. i loko o ka lattice geometry mau a me nā kikoʻī ma waena o ka metala substrate a me ka metala pani. Inā ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka molecular structure o ka metala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka substrate, e like ka crystallization ulu me ka molecular structure o ke kumu, a laila e hoʻololi mālie i kona ʻano molekala paʻa. ʻO ka molecular structure o electroalluvium e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona crystallographic o ka metala i hōʻiliʻili iā ia iho, a ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i nā preconditions o ke kaʻina hana electrocrystallization i kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka paʻa o ka alluvium e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka ʻike ion, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka surfactant o kēia manawa a me ka surfactant ili, a ʻo ka nui aniani o ka electrocrystal e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka surfactant surface.
ʻElua, hoʻokahi kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe metala ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana me ke ʻano o nā ion metala wale nō, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hana i ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana i ka metala.
ʻO nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe metala hoʻokahi maʻamau ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka galvanizing hot dip, copper plating, nickel plating, stainless steel plating, tin plating a me tin plating, etc., ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia e like me nā ʻāpana kila a me nā mea anti-corrosion ʻē aʻe, akā loaʻa pū ka hana. o ka hoʻolālā hoʻonaninani a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano o ka malleability.
ʻO ka mana electrode maʻamau o ka zinc he -0.76v. No ke kila substrate, zinc coating he subanodic oxidation coating, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e pale i ka corrosion o ke kila. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana electrogalvanizing i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: physical hot dip galvanizing a me hot dip galvanizing me ka cyanide.
Hōʻike ʻia ka galvanizing wela kino e ka hana plating maikaʻi i loko o ka wai wai, ʻoluʻolu a palupalu ka uhi, hoʻohana ākea, hoʻohana ʻia ka plating solution i ka micro cyanide, haʻahaʻa cyanide, medium cyanide a me ka cyanide kiʻekiʻe he mau papa.
Akā, no ka mea he mea ʻawaʻawa, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua koho ʻia ka micro cyanide a ʻaʻohe hopena plating cyanide.
ʻO ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe ʻole cyanide me ka waika zinc phosphate plating solution, ka paʻakai paʻakai, ka pāhaʻi thiocyanate plating solution a me ka hingeless fluoride plating solution.
1. He maikaʻi ka ʻāpana alkali hot dip galvanizing coating crystal fine, maikaʻi gloss, plating solution level a hohonu plating hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, e ʻae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika o kēia manawa a me ka laulā wela he ākea, liʻiliʻi corrosion ma ka ʻōnaehana.
He kūpono ia no nā ʻāpana me ke kaʻina hana electroplating paʻakikī a me ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana ma luna o 120¦Ìm, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika o ka plating solution i kēia manawa.
Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano ma lalo nei i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hoʻonā plating a me ke kaʻina hana plating: 1} hoʻopaʻa pono i ka neʻe ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i ka hoʻonā plating.
Pono e mālama ʻia ka waiwai hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ke kiʻekiʻe cyanide hot-dip galvanized water solution (moll/L} e like me:2) e hoʻolohe i ka hopena i ka ʻauʻau, sodium hydroxide a me nā mea pili kinoea.
Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sulfide ma mua o 50 ~ 100g / L, hoʻemi ʻia ka conductivity o ka hopena plating, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa anodic oxidation passivation i ke ʻano manuahi (ʻo ka mahana o ka refrigeration -5¡æ, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma luna o 8h, ka potassium. Hoʻemi ʻia ka waiwai o ka carbonate i ka 30 ~ 40g / L). A i ʻole ke ʻano hoʻololi ion (hoʻohui i ka sodium carbonate a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana o ka barium hydroxide i loko o ka solution plating) e mālama ʻia. 3) pono e hoʻolohe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka anodic oxidation o ka pā kila i ʻōwili ʻia (zinc content o 99.97%) i ka lima o ka anodic oxidation, e pale aku i ka lepo anode e lana ana i ka hopena plating, i ʻole e maʻalahi ka uhi.
4) He liʻiliʻi ka naʻau o ke kino wela wela i ke koena, a ʻo kona ʻae ʻia he: keleawe 0.075 - 0.2g/L, alakaʻi 0.02 — 0.04g/L, 0.05 — 0.15g/L, tin 0.05 — 0.1 g/L, chromium 0.015 — 0.025g/L, Hiki ke hoopau ia na mea haumia iloko o ka hao 0.15g/L ¡¤ plating solution ma keia mau ano: E hoohui i 12.5-3g/L sodium sulfide, i hiki ai ke hana i ka sulfide precipitate me ka hao a ke alakaʻi a me nā iona maikaʻi ʻē aʻe e wehe ai: E hoʻohui i kahi pauka zinc liʻiliʻi, i hiki ke pani ʻia ke keleawe a me ke kēpau ma lalo o ka pahu e wehe ai: hiki ke hoʻopili i ka hopena, ʻo ka ikaika o ka cathode i kēia manawa he 0.1-0.2 A/cm2.
2 ʻāpana alkali zinc phosphate hot dip galvanized partial alkali zinc acid th hot dip galvanized bath haku mele mea maʻalahi, maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana, maikaʻi a nani hoʻi ka uhi ʻana, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka uhi ʻana, ʻino liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōnaehana, maʻalahi loa ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
Akā ʻo ka hopena plating o ka pae plating homogeneous a me ka hiki ke plating hohonu ma mua o ka hopena plating he haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o kēia manawa (70% ~ 80%), uhi ʻia ma luna o kahi hoʻomaikaʻi ductility mānoanoa.