Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electroplating txheej txheem ntawm lub rooj vag valve yog tham

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electroplating txheej txheem ntawm lub rooj vag valve yog tham

Lub ntsiab ua rau tawg ntawm lub hwj chim cog valve lub cev nyob rau hauv cobalt puag alloy tshuaj tsuag vuam yog feem ntau siab valve nruj. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam vuam, lub arc tsim ib lub pas dej solubilization, uas txuas ntxiv yaj thiab sov lub vuam txoj hauj lwm, thiab kub poob sai sai tom qab vuam, thiab cov hlau molten condenses los tsim vuam. Yog hais tias qhov kub ntawm cov cua sov yog tsawg, cov vuam txheej kub yuav tsum tau txo kom sai. Nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm ceev ceev txias ntawm lub vuam txheej, lub shrinkage tus nqi ntawm cov vuam txheej yog ceev tshaj lub shrinkage tus nqi ntawm lub valve lub cev. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm xws li kev ntxhov siab, lub vuam txheej thiab cov khoom qub sai sai ua rau lub zog tensile sab hauv, thiab vuam txheej tawg. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hwj chim chaw nres tsheb valve feem ntau yog 540¡æ siab kub chav, yog li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj vag valve yog 25 lossis 12crmov, valve lub cev.. Yog li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj vag valve yog 25 lossis 12crmov, thiab cov khoom siv raw ntawm lub cev tshuaj tsuag vuam yog cobalt-base alloy d802 (sti6) vuam hlau.
d802 matches edcocr -A in gb984 specification, which is equivalent to ercocr -A in aws.
d802 raw cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem qhib thiab kaw tsis tu ncua los ntawm kev kub siab thiab kub ua haujlwm, nrog kev hnav zoo heev, cuam tshuam tsis kam, oxidation tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab cavitation tsis kam.
Lub vuam hlau ntawm ErCoCr-A electrode thiab muab tub lim hlau cladding hauv Aws specification yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem subeutectic uas muaj li ntawm 13% chromium cementite eutectic network faib hauv Cochromium-tungsten ion siv lead ua substrate. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv raw cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kom tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab puas tsuaj thiab lub toughness tsim nyog los tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qee yam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntws.
Cobalt alloy muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau hlau - hlau hnav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog khawb tsis kam nyob rau hauv siab load.
Lub zog alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv lub substrate yuav muab zoo corrosion kuj thiab oxidation kuj.
Thaum lub molten hlau ntawm cobalt-raws li alloy nyob rau hauv lub sov lub xeev (nyob rau hauv 650¡æ), nws lub zog tsis txo qis heev. Tsuas yog thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 650¡æ, nws lub zog yuav txo qis heev. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias rov qab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, nws lub zog yuav rov qab mus rau qhov pib hardness.
Qhov tseeb, thaum cov khoom qub ua tiav tom qab vuam kev kho cua sov, qhov kev ua haujlwm saum npoo tsis yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj. Lub valve ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab yuav tsum tau txau nrog cobalt-raws li alloy ntawm nruab nrab qhov ntawm lub valve lub cev kom lub siab siab lub rooj vag valve lub ntsej muag los ntawm arc vuam. Vim tias lub ntsej muag nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub valve lub cev, cov tshuaj tsuag welding feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li vuam noddle thiab tawg.
Cov txheej txheem kev sim ntawm qhov ntiav ntiav welding d802 tau ua los ntawm kev tsim thiab ua cov qauv raws li qhov xav tau. Qhov laj thawj ntawm kev sib txawv yooj yim yog pom nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem xeem txuas.
¢ Ù Welding khoom nto ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug.
¢Ú Cov khoom siv vuam nqus dej noo.
¢Û Cov khoom qub thiab cov hlau muab tub lim muaj ntau cov impurities thiab roj stains.
¢ Ü Lub vuam txoj hauj lwm nruj ntawm lub cev valve yog loj los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dn32 ~ 50mm).
(5) Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov cua sov thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam yog qhov tsis tsim nyog.
Cov txheej txheem vuam tsis tsim nyog.
¢ ß kev xaiv cov khoom siv vuam tsis tsim nyog. Lub ntsiab ua rau tawg ntawm lub hwj chim cog valve lub cev nyob rau hauv cobalt puag alloy tshuaj tsuag vuam yog feem ntau siab valve nruj. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam vuam, lub arc tsim ib lub pas dej solubilization, uas txuas ntxiv yaj thiab sov lub vuam txoj hauj lwm, thiab kub poob sai sai tom qab vuam, thiab cov hlau molten condenses los tsim vuam. Yog hais tias qhov kub ntawm cov cua sov yog tsawg, cov vuam txheej kub yuav tsum tau txo kom sai. Nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm ceev ceev txias ntawm lub vuam txheej, lub shrinkage tus nqi ntawm cov vuam txheej yog ceev tshaj lub shrinkage tus nqi ntawm lub valve lub cev. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm xws li kev ntxhov siab, lub vuam txheej thiab cov khoom qub sai sai ua rau lub zog tensile sab hauv, thiab vuam txheej tawg. Bevel lub kaum sab xis yuav tsum raug txwv thaum ua cov haujlwm vuam.
Cov cua kub cua kub tsawg dhau, thiab cov cua sov tawm sai sai thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm vuam.
Cov txheej txheej kub tsis tshua muaj siab, vuam txheej txheej tub yees ceev ceev heev rau cov tshuaj tsuag vuam raw khoom.
Cov khoom siv vuam cobalt alloy nws tus kheej muaj qhov tawv liab siab, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm 500 ~ 700¡æ, lub zog muaj peev xwm tuav tau 300 ~ 500hb, tab sis nws cov ductility tsawg, tawg tsis muaj zog, yooj yim los tsim cov kab nrib pleb lossis cov kab nrib pleb txias, yog li nws yuav tsum tau rhuab ua ntej welding.
Cov cua kub kub nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub workpiece, thiab cov cua sov dav dav yog 350-500¡æ.
Vuam electrode txheej yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom zoo ua ntej vuam kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws.
Thaum lub sij hawm welding, lub ncuav mog qab zib yog ci ntawm 150¡æ rau 1h thiab muab tso rau hauv lub vuam hlau rwb thaiv tsev lub tog raj kheej.
Lub arc r Lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov ntiav cov tshuaj tsuag vuam vuam yuav tsum loj npaum li qhov ua tau, feem ntau r¡Ý3mm, yog tias cov txheej txheem tso cai.
dn10 ~ 25mm caliber valve lub cev tuaj yeem welded los ntawm hauv qab ntawm lub qhov ntiav nrog vuam hlau, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom txheej kub ¡Ý250 * (2, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub arc, arc kom qeeb ceev hais welding hlau.
Cov khoom ua haujlwm tau ua kom sov hauv qhov cub (250¡æ) txog 350 10 20¡æ ua ntej vuam. Tom qab 1.5 teev ntawm rwb thaiv tsev kub, qhov vuam tau nqa tawm.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tswj cov khoom txheej kub ¡Ý250c, tsuag welding tag nrho cov kawg ntawm vuam caws pliav. Tom qab vuam, lub valve lub cev yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub cub tawg tam sim ntawd (450¡æ) rau kev rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Thaum qhov kub ntawm lub batch los yog vuam kub ntawm lub cub tawg yog quenched mus rau 710¡ 20¡æ, lub tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev thiab rwb thaiv tsev yog tuav rau 2h thiab ces txias nrog lub cub tawg. Thaum lub ntsuas kub tswj dn siab tshaj 32 hli, lub valve lub cev yuav tsum tau welded rau hauv au zoo ua ntej yuav daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm uneven elasticity tshwm sim los ntawm heev nruj tom qab txau welding ntawm cobalt-raws li alloy. Ua ntej cov tshuaj tsuag vuam ua haujlwm, cov khoom ua haujlwm raug ntxuav, cov khoom ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov cub (kub tswj yog 250¡æ), rhuab mus rau 450 ~ 500¡æ, rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab tuav rau 2 teev, thiab vuam tau tshaj tawm .
Ua ntej, tshuaj tsuag qhov chaw nrog cobalt-based alloy vuam hlau, thiab ua tiav cov caws pliav ntawm txhua txheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tswj qhov kub ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ¡Ý250¡æ, thiab txau cov caws pliav tom qab tag nrho.
Tom qab ntawd hloov cov martensitic stainless hlau xaim (siab cr, ni txheeb ze cov ntsiab lus stainless hlau xaim) rau welding U-shaped weld. Tom qab qhov hluav taws xob vuam ntawm lub valve lub cev tiav lawm, nws yuav muab tso rau hauv lub cub tawg tam sim ntawd (450¡æ) rau kev rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob. Tom qab ua tiav cov hluav taws xob vuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov kub thiab txias yuav raug nce mus rau 720¡À20¡æ rau quenching.
Cov cua sov yog 150¡æ / h, thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev kub yog khaws cia rau 2 teev.
Electroplating tank muaj ob theem hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv dav dav ua haujlwm raws li cathode, hloov hluav taws xob nkag mus tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm electrostatic teb ntawm ob yam, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm electrostatic teb hlau ions los yog thiocyanogen cag mus rau cathode hloov, thiab nyob ze ntawm cathode nto. los tsim cov txheej txheem ob txheej, Hauv qhov no, cov ion concentration nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cathode yog me dua li hauv cheeb tsam kom tsis txhob muaj cov cathode, uas yuav ua rau kev hloov mus rau ion ntev.
Cov hlau zoo ions lossis thiocyanogen tso tawm los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm cov ions nyuaj, raws li ob txheej txheej thiab tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw cathode los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation los tsim cov hlau molecules.
Electroplating txheej txheem electroplating keeb kwm kuj tseem ntxov, cov txheej txheem kho deg thaum pib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob yog tsuas yog kom tau raws li tib neeg kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab ornament yuav tsum.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem plating tau nthuav dav heev hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo, thiab ua kom nws ua. ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw engineering tsim.
Electroplating txheej txheem yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau electrodeposition technologies. Nws yog txheej txheem ntawm tau txais hlau alluvium ntawm cov khoom nto los ntawm electrolysis. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los hloov cov yam ntxwv saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw, txhim kho cov tsos, txhim kho corrosion kuj, hnav tsis kam thiab kev sib txhuam, los yog npaj cov hlau cladding nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, sib nqus, kho qhov muag, thermal thiab lwm yam ntxwv saum npoo thiab lwm yam txheej txheem.
Feem ntau hais lus, Cov txheej txheem ntawm hlau electrodeposition ntawm cathode yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no1) Cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob ntawm cov txheej txheem ua ntej-plated zoo ions lossis lawv cov hauv paus hniav thiocyanogen hauv lithium roj teeb electrolyte mus rau cathode (khoom ua haujlwm piece) nto los yog saum npoo ntawm kev hloov vim qhov sib txawv concentration2) txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov hlau zoo ions lossis lawv cov thiocyanogen cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob theem thiab hauv cov kua txheej nyob ze ntawm cov txheej txheem oxidation, xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm thiocyanogen ligand los yog txo cov kev sib koom tes.3) cov txheej txheem photocatalytic hlau ions lossis thiocyanogen ntawm cathode kom tau txais electrons, rau hauv cov hlau molecules 4) cov txheej txheem tsim cov theem tshiab uas yog los tsim cov theem tshiab, xws li kev tsim cov hlau lossis aluminium alloy. Electroplating tank muaj 2 theem hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv dav dav ua haujlwm raws li cathode, hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nkag mus tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm electrostatic teb ntawm ob qho tib si, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm electrostatic teb hlau ions los yog thiocyanogen cag mus rau cathode hloov, thiab nyob ze ntawm lub cathode. nto los tsim cov txheej txheej ob, ces cov cathode nyob ib puag ncig ion concentration tsawg dua li cov ion concentration nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam kom tsis txhob muaj cov cathode, Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov mus ntev ntawm ions.
Cov hlau zoo ions lossis thiocyanogen tso tawm los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm cov ions nyuaj, raws li ob txheej txheej thiab tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw cathode los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation los tsim cov hlau molecules.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov ions zoo ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cathode nto tsis zoo ib yam. Ntawm lub pob thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov siv lead ua, qhov kev siv tam sim no thiab electrostatic ua haujlwm ntau dua li lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm cov siv lead ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov roj molecular unsaturated fatty nyob rau ntawm lub ntsej muag siv lead ua thiab lub kaum sab xis muaj qhov muaj peev xwm adsorption ntau dua. Thiab ntawm no tus nqi thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw no tsim cov lattice tas li ntawm molecules rau hauv cov hlau. Qhov nyiam them thiab tawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov zoo ion no yog lub qhov muag ntawm cov hlau coated siv lead ua.
Raws li lub qhov muag nthuav dav raws cov siv lead ua, ib txheej ntawm kev loj hlob monatomic yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam sab nraud. Vim hais tias cov lattice tas li ntawm cov hlau cathode muaj cov kev ntxhov siab hauv av uas nthuav dav los ntawm cov lattice tas li, cov atoms maj mam txuas mus rau lub cathode nto tsuas yog qhov txuas ntxiv nrog cov qauv molecular ntawm cov hlau substrate (cathode), tsis hais qhov txawv. nyob rau hauv lattice tas li geometry thiab specifications ntawm lub substrate hlau thiab txheej hlau. Yog hais tias cov qauv molecular ntawm cov txheej hlau txawv dhau ntawm cov substrate, qhov kev loj hlob crystallization yuav zoo ib yam li cov qauv molecular ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam hloov mus rau nws tus kheej cov qauv molecular ruaj khov. Cov qauv molecular ntawm electroalluvium nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv crystallographic ntawm cov hlau uas nws tus kheej tau sau tseg, thiab cov qauv tsim nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ua ntej ntawm cov txheej txheem electrocrystallization rau qee yam. Lub compactness ntawm lub alluvium nyob ntawm tag nrho cov ion concentration, pauv tam sim no thiab nto surfactant, thiab cov siv lead ua luaj li cas ntawm cov electrocrystal yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm surfactant concentration.
Ob, ib leeg hlau plating txheej txheem ib leeg hlau plating yog hais txog cov txheej txheem plating nrog tsuas yog ib hom hlau ions, tom qab plating los ua ib qho txheej txheem hlau.
Feem ntau cov txheej txheem hlau plating feem ntau suav nrog kub dip galvanizing, tooj liab plating, npib tsib xee plating, stainless hlau plating, tin plating thiab tin plating, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog siv los ua steel qhov chaw thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv corrosion, tab sis kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm. ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj tsim thiab txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm malleability.
Tus qauv electrode peev xwm ntawm zinc yog -0.76v. Rau steel substrate, zinc txheej yog subanodic oxidation txheej, uas yog tsuas yog siv los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm hlau. Electrogalvanizing txheej txheem muab faib ua ob pawg: lub cev kub dip galvanizing thiab kub dip galvanizing tsis muaj cyanide.
Lub cev kub dip galvanizing yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo plating hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, du thiab ilv txheej, siv dav, plating tov yog muab faib ua micro cyanide, qis cyanide, nruab nrab cyanide thiab siab cyanide ob peb chav kawm.
Tab sis vim hais tias cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau nyiam xaiv micro cyanide thiab tsis muaj cyanide plating tov.
Cyanide-dawb plating tov muaj xws li acid zinc phosphate plating tov, ntsev plating tov, poov tshuaj thiocyanate plating tov thiab hingeless fluoride plating tov.
1. Ib nrab alkali kub dip galvanizing txheej siv lead ua zoo, zoo gloss, plating tov theem thiab sib sib zog nqus plating muaj peev xwm yog zoo, cia siv tam sim no siv thiab kub ntau yam yog dav, me me corrosion ntawm lub system.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom uas muaj cov txheej txheem electroplating nyuaj thiab txheej txheej tuab tshaj 120ºÌm, tab sis lub zog tam sim no ntawm cov txheej txheem plating yog qhov tsawg thiab muaj kuab lom.
Cov nram qab no yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau nyob rau hauv lub plating tov configuration thiab plating txheej txheem: 1} nruj me ntsis tswj qhov concentration ntawm txhua yam nyob rau hauv lub plating tov.
Tus nqi concentration ntawm txhua feem ntawm high cyanide kub-dip galvanized dej tov (moll / L} yuav tsum tau tswj raws li :2) xyuam xim rau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv da dej, sodium hydroxide thiab roj muaj feem xyuam rau cov Cheebtsam.
Thaum cov sulfide muaj pes tsawg leeg tshaj 50 ~ 100g / L, conductivity ntawm cov tshuaj plating yog txo, thiab anodic oxidation passivation kev kho mob yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub freezing txoj kev (lub tub yees kub yog -5¡æ, lub sij hawm yog siab tshaj 8h, cov poov tshuaj. carbonate concentration tus nqi txo rau 30 ~ 40g / L). Los yog ion pauv txoj kev (ntxiv sodium carbonate los yog barium hydroxide deposition nyob rau hauv lub plating tov) yuav tsum tau kho. 3) anodic oxidation daim ntawv thov txias dov steel phaj (zinc cov ntsiab lus ntawm 99.97%) yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub tes tsho anodic oxidation, kom tsis txhob anode av nkos floating nyob rau hauv lub plating tov, thiaj li hais tias lub txheej tsis du.
4) rhiab heev ntawm lub cev kub-dip galvanized tov rau residue yog me me, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tso cai yog: tooj liab 0.075 - 0.2g / L, txhuas 0.02 - 0.04g / L, 0.05 - 0.15g / L, tin 0.05 - 0.1 g / L, chromium 0.015 - 0.025g / L, impurities nyob rau hauv hlau 0.15g / L¡¤ plating tov yuav daws tau raws li hauv qab no: Ntxiv 12.5-3g / L sodium sulfide, thiaj li hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim sulfide precipitate nrog hlau thiab txhuas thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb hlau zoo ions tshem tawm: Ntxiv me ntsis zinc hmoov, kom tooj liab thiab txhuas tuaj yeem hloov tau rau hauv qab ntawm lub tank kom tshem tawm: tuaj yeem ntsaws cov tshuaj, cathode tam sim no lub zog yog 0.1-0.2 A / cm2.
2 ib nrab alkali zinc phosphate kub dip galvanized ib nrab alkali zinc acid th kub dip galvanized da dej muaj pes tsawg leeg yog yooj yim, yooj yim rau siv, nplua thiab ci txheej, txheej tsis yooj yim rau ploj, me me corrosion ntawm lub cev, kev kho dej phwj tuaj kuj yooj yim heev.
Tab sis cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm homogeneous plating qib thiab sib sib zog nqus plating muaj peev xwm tshaj li cov tshuaj plating yog qhov tsis zoo, qhov kev siv tam sim no yog tsawg (70% ~ 80%), txheej dhau ib qho kev txhim kho thickness ductility.