Daim ntawv no qhia txog cov tswv yim kev tsim kho ntawm electroplating li qub

Daim ntawv no qhia txog cov tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho electroplating li qub Peb yuan ethylene propylene hluav taws yeeb nkab daim npav sealing roj hmab nplhaib, 63-65 Shaw A, 15MPA, tsis tu ncua siab tsawg dua 25% ntawm cov nqi tsim nyog. Cov kua (gas, kua) sealing yog ib qho tsim nyog siv tshuab nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, tsis tsuas yog kev tsim kho, petrochemical, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing, zog, tsheb thauj mus los, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam industries ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj sealing tshuab, aviation, aerospace thiab lwm yam forefront. kev lag luam muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib khi tshuab. Lub teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm sealing tshuab yog siab heev. Tag nrho cov khoom siv uas muaj cov dej cia, kev thauj mus los thiab kev hloov hluav taws xob muaj teeb meem sealing. Ua ntej, txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sealing 1 Tensile zog Tensile zog yog thawj cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab rau cov ntaub ntawv sealing, nrog rau lub zog tensile, qhov tsis tu ncua elongation kev nyuaj siab, elongation ntawm so thiab ntev deformation ntawm so. Lub zog tensile yog qhov kev ntxhov siab loj ntawm cov qauv ntawm tensile mus rau tawg. Qhov tsis tu ncua elongation kev ntxhov siab (qhov tsis tu ncua elongation modulus) yog qhov kev ntxhov siab mus txog ntawm qhov teev elongation. Elongation yog qhov deformation ntawm cov qauv raws li lub zog tensile, thiab yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nce ntawm elongation mus rau qhov qub ntev. Elongation ntawm so yog qhov elongation ntawm cov qauv thaum so. Qhov ntev tensile deformation yog qhov seem deformation ntawm cov cim tom qab tensile tawg. 2 Lub hardness Hardness qhia lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom sib khi los tiv thaiv sab nraud rau hauv cov khoom sib khi, kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib khi. Lub hardness ntawm cov khoom muaj feem xyuam rau lwm yam khoom mus rau ib qho twg. Qhov siab dua qhov hardness, lub zog ntau dua, qhov me dua qhov elongation, qhov zoo dua qhov hnav tsis kam, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub tsis kam. 3 Compression kev ua tau zoo Roj hmab foob feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev compressed. Vim lub viscoelasticity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab, lub siab yuav txo nrog lub sij hawm thaum compressed, uas yog manifested raws li ib tug so ntawm compressive kev nyuaj siab. Tom qab tshem tawm lub siab, nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov qub, uas yog manifested li compression deformation ntev. Qhov tshwm sim no yog pom tseeb dua nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias nruab nrab ntawm cov roj, uas yog ncaj qha ntsig txog lub durability ntawm sealing peev xwm ntawm cov khoom sealing. 4 Kev ua haujlwm kub qis los ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov roj hmab ntsaws ruaj ruaj, ob txoj hauv qab no ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tsis zoo yog qhia: (1) Qhov ntsuas kub qis qis: cov khoom sib khi yog ncab mus rau qhov ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd tsau, txias sai. kom qis dua qhov kub thiab txias, ncav cuag qhov sib npaug, tso cov khoom ntsuas, thiab ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, cov qauv sau tseg ntawm 10%, 30%, 50% thiab 70% ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70. Cov khoom siv tus qauv siv TR10 raws li qhov ntsuas, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm roj hmab. (2) Tsis tshua muaj kub flexure: tom qab tus qauv yog khov rau lub sijhawm teev ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsawg, nws yog reciprocally khoov raws li lub kaum sab xis teev, thiab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub peev xwm sealing ntawm lub foob tom qab rov ua haujlwm ntawm dynamic. thauj khoom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog tshawb xyuas. 5 Roj los yog nruab nrab tsis kam sealing cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau kev sib cuag nrog roj av puag, ob chav esters, silicone roj roj, hauv kev lag luam tshuaj qee zaum kuj hu rau acid, alkali thiab lwm yam corrosive media. Ntxiv rau corrosion nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm no, nyob rau hauv kub kub kuj yuav ua rau kom expansion thiab lub zog txo, hardness txo; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, plasticizer thiab soluble cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sealing yog muab rho tawm, ua rau kom loj, txo ntim, ua rau to. Feem ntau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tom qab soaking nyob rau hauv nruab nrab rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub sij hawm, qhov zoo, ntim, lub zog, elongation thiab hardness ntawm kev hloov yog txiav txim siab los soj ntsuam qhov zoo thiab drawbacks ntawm cov roj kuj los yog nruab nrab kuj ntawm cov khoom sealing. 6 Resistance to aging sealing material by oxygen, ozone, heat, light, noo noo, mechanical stress yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, hu ua kev laus ntawm cov khoom sib khi. Kev laus tsis kam (tseem hu ua huab cua tsis kam) tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub zog, elongation thiab hardness ntawm cov qauv kev laus tom qab kev laus. Qhov tsawg dua qhov hloov pauv, qhov zoo dua qhov kev laus ua haujlwm. Faj seeb: Huab cua RESISTANCE hais txog cov khoom yas vim lub hnub ci, qhov kub thiab txias hloov, cua thiab nag thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, thiab cov tsos ntawm fading, discoloration, tawg, hmoov thiab lub zog poob thiab ib tug series ntawm aging tshwm sim. Ntawm lawv, ultraviolet hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb los txhawb kev laus ntawm cov yas. Qhov thib ob, cov khoom siv feem ntau siv cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog qhia 1 Nitrile butadiene roj hmab (NBR) Nws yog ib qho tsis tu ncua copolymer ntawm butadiene thiab acrylonitrile monomer synthesized los ntawm emulsion polymerization. Nws cov qauv molecular qauv yog raws li nram no: - (CH2-CH = CH) M - (CH2-CH2-CH) N-CN, nitrile butadiene roj hmab ** tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum ntxov li 1930. Nws yog ib tug copolymer ntawm butadiene thiab 25% acrylonitrile. Vim nws txoj kev laus tsis kam, kub tsis kam thiab hnav tsis kam yog zoo dua li cov roj hmab ntuj, nws tau them nyiaj ntau dua los ntawm kev lag luam roj hmab. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nrog rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm riam phom thiab khoom siv, qhov kev thov rau cov cua sov - thiab roj-resistant nitrile roj hmab raws li cov ntaub ntawv npaj ua tsov rog tau nce sharply. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau tshaj 20 lub teb chaws tau tsim NBR, nrog rau txhua xyoo tso zis ntawm 560,000 tons, suav txog 4.1% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov roj hmab hluavtaws. Vim nws zoo heev kub tsis kam, roj kuj thiab txhua yam khoom, tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj hmab resistant, suav txog li 80% ntawm qhov kev thov rau tag nrho cov roj resistant roj hmab. Nitrile butadiene roj hmab hauv xyoo 1950 tau tsim kev loj hlob zoo, txog tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj 300 hom, raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm acrylonitrile, nyob rau hauv 18% ~ 50% acrylonitrile cov ntsiab lus ntau yuav muab faib ua: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm acrylonitrile yog 42% rau tsis tshua muaj neeg. qib siab nitrile, 36% mus rau 41% rau qib siab nitrile, 31% mus rau 35% rau nruab nrab siab nitrile qib, 25% mus rau 30% rau nruab nrab nitrile qib, thiab tsawg dua 24% rau qib nitrile tsawg. Kev siv cov khoom siv loj yog tsawg nitrile qib nitrile -18 (ua ke nrog cov ntsiab lus acrylonitrile ntawm 17% ~ 20%), nruab nrab nitrile qib nitrile -26 (sib txuas nrog acrylonitrile cov ntsiab lus ntawm 27% ~ 30%), siab nitrile qib butanitrile -40 (ua ke nrog cov ntsiab lus acrylonitrile ntawm 36% ~ 40%). Qhov nce ntawm acrylonitrile cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txhim kho cov roj tsis kam thiab kub tsis kam ntawm NBR, tab sis tsis yog ntau dua, vim tias qhov nce ntawm acrylonitrile cov ntsiab lus tseem yuav txo qis qhov kub ntawm cov roj hmab. Nitrile butadiene roj hmab yog siv los tsim cov roj av raws li hydraulic roj, lubricating roj, kerosene thiab roj av hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab nws ua haujlwm kub yog -50-100 degrees; Kev ua haujlwm luv luv tuaj yeem siv rau 150 degrees, hauv huab cua thiab ethanol glycerin antifreeze ua haujlwm kub ntawm -45-100 degrees. Kev laus tsis kam ntawm nitrile yog qhov tsis zoo, thaum lub ozone concentration siab, nws yuav nrawm nrawm thiab tawg, thiab nws tsis haum rau kev ua haujlwm ntev hauv huab cua kub, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv hluav taws kub tiv thaiv hydraulic roj ntawm phosphate ester. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm nitrile butadiene roj hmab: (1) nitrile roj hmab feem ntau yog xim dub, xim tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, tab sis yuav tsum nce qee cov nqi, thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau kev siv roj hmab. (2) nitrile roj hmab muaj lub qe rot me ntsis saj. (3) Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj nitrile roj hmab thiab kev siv qhov kub thiab txias los txiav txim seb cov khoom ntawm lub foob yog nitrile roj hmab. Silicone roj hmab (Si los yog VMQ) Nws yog linear polymer nrog Si-O daim ntawv cog lus tsev (-Si-O-Si) raws li cov saw tseem ceeb thiab cov organic pawg raws li pawg sab. Vim yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aviation, aerospace thiab lwm yam forefront industries, yuav tsum tau ceev ceev rau siab kub thiab tsis kub resistant roj hmab sealing cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum ntxov siv ntuj, butadiene, chloroprene thiab lwm yam roj hmab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam, yog li thaum xyoo 1940 hauv Tebchaws Meskas ob lub tuam txhab pib tsim cov roj hmab dimethyl silicone, yog thawj silicone roj hmab. Peb lub teb chaws kuj tshawb fawb tau zoo thiab muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom thaum xyoo 1960s. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, ntau yam, kev ua tau zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm silica gel tau tsim zoo heev. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm silica gel: (1) tshav kub tsis kam silica gel kub kub stability kev ua tau zoo. Yuav siv tau ntawm 150 ℃ rau lub sijhawm ntev, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis hloov pauv loj; Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau ntau tshaj 10,000 teev tsis tu ncua ntawm 200 ℃, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm 350 ℃. (2) Tsis tshua muaj phenyl silica gel thiab nruab nrab phenyl silica gel muaj qhov kub thiab txias elasticity thaum qhov txias tsis kam coefficient siab tshaj 0.65 ntawm -60 ℃ thiab -70 ℃. Qhov dav dav ntawm silica gel yog -50 ℃. (3) roj tsis kam thiab tshuaj tsis kam ntawm silica gel rau ethanol, ** thiab lwm yam polar solvents thiab cov khoom noj roj kam rau ua tau zoo heev, tsuas yog ua rau me me nthuav dav, txhua yam khoom yuav tsis raug txo; Kev ua siab ntev ntawm silica gel rau qis concentration ntawm acid, alkali thiab ntsev kuj zoo. Thaum muab tso rau hauv 10% sulfuric acid tov rau 7 hnub, qhov ntim hloov pauv yog tsawg dua 1%, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis hloov pauv. Tab sis silica gel tsis tiv taus cov concentrated sulfuric acid, alkali, carbon tetrachloride thiab toluene thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-polar solvents. (4) muaj zog tiv thaiv kev laus, silica gel tau pom tseeb ozone tsis kam thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau cov roj hmab zoo tib yam. (5) Dielectric zog Silica gel muaj qhov ntim siab heev (1014 ~ 1016 ω cm) thiab nws cov nqi kuj tseem nyob ruaj khov ntau yam. Haum rau siv raws li cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv high voltage tej yam kev mob. (6) nplaim retardant kev ua tau zoo silica gel yuav tsis hlawv tam sim ntawd thaum muaj hluav taws kub, thiab nws combustion ua rau cov pa roj tsawg, thiab cov khoom tom qab combustion yuav tsim insulating ceramic, yog li silica gel yog ib qho zoo heev nplaim retardant khoom. Ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv saum toj no, silica gel yog *** * siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev ua lag luam ntsaws ruaj ruaj lossis cov khoom siv roj hmab, xws li hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hlau, microwave qhov cub roj hmab qhov chaw; Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj lossis cov khoom siv roj hmab hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, xws li cov xov tooj ntawm tes, cov ntaub ntawv poob siab hauv DVDS, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hauv cov hlua khi, thiab lwm yam; Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau txhua yam khoom siv hauv kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg lub cev, xws li lub raj mis dej, lub tshuab nqus dej, thiab lwm yam. main chain thiab side chain. Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, Tebchaws Meskas thiab yav dhau los Soviet Union pib tsim cov fluorinated elastomers. Ua ntej muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom yog Tebchaws Meskas DuPont thiab 3M lub tuam txhab vtionA thiab KEL-F tom qab ib nrab xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, fluorine elastomer nyob rau hauv tshav kub tsis kam, nruab nrab tsis kam, tsis kub tsis kam thiab txheej txheem thiab lwm yam tau tiav kev loj hlob sai, thiab tsim ib tug series. ntawm cov khoom. Fluorine kua nplaum muaj cov cua kub zoo heev, ozone kuj thiab ntau yam ntawm cov roj hydraulic. Kev ua haujlwm kub hauv huab cua yog -40 ~ 250 ℃, thiab kev ua haujlwm kub hauv cov roj hydraulic yog -40 ~ 180 ℃. Vim tias kev ua haujlwm, kev sib txuas thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov roj hmab fluorine yog qhov phem dua li cov roj hmab dav dav, tus nqi kim dua, yog li nws siv ntau dua hauv cov xov xwm kub kub uas cov roj hmab dav dav tsis muaj peev xwm, tab sis tsis yog rau qee qhov kev daws teeb meem phosphate ester. 4 EPDM (EPDM) Nws yog terpolymer ntawm ethylene, propylene thiab ib tug me me ntawm unconjugated diene alkenes. Xyoo 1957, Ltalis tau paub txog kev tsim khoom ntawm ethylene thiab propylene copolymer roj hmab (binary EPC roj hmab). Nyob rau hauv 1963, DuPONT ntxiv ib tug me me ntawm unconjugated ncig diene raws li lub thib peb monomer nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm binary ethylene propylene, thiab synthesized tsawg unsaturated ethylene propylene ternary nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub molecular saw. Vim tias cov pob txha molecular tseem saturated, EPDM khaws cov khoom zoo ntawm binary EPDM thaum ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm vulcanization. Epdm roj hmab muaj ozone kuj zoo heev, nyob rau hauv ozone concentration ntawm 1 * 10-6 ib puag ncig tseem tsis tawg 2430 teev; Zoo corrosion kuj: zoo stability rau cawv, kua qaub, muaj zog alkali, oxidants, detergents, tsiaj thiab zaub roj, ketones, thiab ib co lipids (tab sis nyob rau hauv cov roj raws li roj av, hydraulic roj expansion yog loj, tsis tuaj yeem ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntxhia roj. ib puag ncig); Cov cua kub zoo heev, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv -60 ~ 120 ℃ kub rau lub sijhawm ntev; Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv dej zoo thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm. Epdm roj hmab ntuj xim yog beige, zoo elasticity. 5 Polyurethane elastomer Nws yog ib qho polymer ua los ntawm polyisocyanate thiab polyether polyol los yog polyester polyol los yog / thiab me me molecule polyol, polyamine los yog dej thiab lwm yam saw extenders los yog crosslinkers. Xyoo 1937, xibfwb Otto Bayer los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thawj zaug pom tias polyurethane tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm polyisocyanate thiab polyol compounds, thiab ntawm lub hauv paus no, nws nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. Qhov kub ntawm polyurethane elastomer yog los ntawm -45 ℃ to 110 ℃. Nws muaj elasticity siab thiab lub zog, zoo heev hnav tsis kam, roj kuj, qaug zog tsis kam thiab poob siab tsis kam nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm hardness. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lubricating roj thiab roj roj, nws muaj qhov zoo o tsis kam thiab hu ua "coj-resistant roj hmab". Polyurethane elastomer muaj kev ua tau zoo heev, tau siv dav hauv metallurgy, roj av, tsheb, kev ua cov ntxhia, kev txuag dej, textile, luam ntawv, kho mob, kis las, khoom noj khoom haus, kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. 6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Teflon (English abbreviation Teflon los yog [PTFE, F4]), yog lub npe hu ua / feem ntau hu ua "plastic huab tais", Suav lag luam npe "Teflon", "Teflon" (Teflon), "Teflon", "Teflon ", "Teflon", "Teflon" thiab lwm yam. Nws yog tsim los ntawm tetrafluorethylene los ntawm polymerization ntawm polymer tebchaw, nrog zoo heev tshuaj stability, corrosion kuj (yog ib lub ntiaj teb no corrosion kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo, ntxiv rau molten hlau sodium thiab kua fluorine, tuaj yeem tiv taus tag nrho lwm yam tshuaj, boiling hauv dej. Rega tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, *** yog siv rau txhua yam kev xav tau los tiv thaiv cov kua qaub thiab alkali thiab cov organic solvents), sealing, siab lubrication tsis-nplaum, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab zoo tiv thaiv kev laus endurance, zoo kub tsis kam (tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv + 250 ℃ to -180 ℃ kub rau lub sijhawm ntev). Teflon nws tus kheej tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg, tab sis ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, xav tias yuav ua rau muaj tshuaj lom. Qhov kub thiab txias yog -20 ~ 250 ℃ (-4 ~ + 482 ° F), tso cai rau txias txias thiab cua sov tam sim ntawd, los yog hloov ua haujlwm kub thiab txias. Siab -0.1 ~ 6.4Mpa (Lub tshuab nqus tsev puv rau 64kgf / cm2)