A na-atụle ụkpụrụ nke usoro electroplating nke valvụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá

A na-atụle ụkpụrụ nke usoro electroplating nke valvụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá

Isi ihe na-akpata mgbawa nke ozu valvụ ọkụ ọkụ na cobalt base alloy spray welding na-abụkarị nnukwu valvụ isi ike. N'ime ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ, arc na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri solubilization, nke na-aga n'ihu na-agbaze ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ, na okpomọkụ na-ada ngwa ngwa mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, na ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-agbakọta iji mepụta ịgbado ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ kpo oku dị ala, a ga-ebelata okpomọkụ oyi akwa ngwa ngwa. N'okpuru nhazi ngwa ngwa nke oyi akwa akwa ịgbado ọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye nke oyi akwa na-agbado ngwa ngwa karịa nkwụsị nke valvụ ahụ. N'okpuru ọrụ nke nrụgide dị otú ahụ, akwa akwa akwa na ihe mbụ na-eme ngwa ngwa na-eme ka nrụgide nrụgide dị n'ime ya na-eme ka oyi akwa na-agbaji. Ọnọdụ ọrụ nke valvụ ọdụ ike na-adịkarị 540¡æ elu okpomọkụ uzuoku, ya mere, isi ihe nke valvụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá bụ 25 ma ọ bụ 12crmov, valvụ ahụ. Ya mere, isi ihe nke valvụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá bụ 25 ma ọ bụ 12crmov, na akụrụngwa nke valvụ ahụ ịgba ịgbado ọkụ bụ cobalt-base alloy d802(sti6) ịgbado ọkụ waya.
d802 dakọtara edcocr -A na nkọwa gb984, nke ya na ercocr -A na aws.
d802 akụrụngwa nwere ike na-aga n'ihu na-emeghe ma na-emechi si ultra-elu nrụgide na elu okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ, na magburu onwe eyi nguzogide, mmetụta na-eguzogide, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance na cavitation resistance.
A na-eji ígwè weld nke ErCoCr-A electrode na ihe mkpuchi waya na Aws nkọwapụta bụ usoro subeutectic nke nwere ihe dị ka 13% chromium cementite eutectic netwọk kesara na Cochromium-tungsten ion kristal mkpụrụ. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ ngwakọta zuru oke nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eguzogide mmebi nrụgide dị ala na ike siri ike dị mkpa iji guzogide mmetụta nke ụfọdụ ụdị nhazi usoro.
Cobalt alloy nwere ezigbo nguzogide ígwè - akwa ígwè, karịsịa nkwụsi ike n'okpuru ibu dị elu.
Ngwakọta alloy siri ike na mkpụrụ nwere ike inye nguzogide corrosion ka mma na nguzogide oxidation.
Mgbe ígwè a wụrụ awụ nke cobalt dabeere na alloy dị na ọnọdụ ọkụ (n'ime 650 ¡æ), ike ya adịghị ebelata nke ukwuu. Naanị mgbe okpomọkụ na-ebili n'elu 650¡æ, ike ya ga-ebelata nke ukwuu. Mgbe okpomọkụ laghachiri na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nkịtị, ike ya ga-alaghachi na isi ike mbụ.
N'ezie, mgbe ihe mbụ ahụ na-eme ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke post-welding, arụmọrụ elu adịghị mfe imebi. A ghaghị fesa valvụ nke ọdụ ike ahụ na alloy dabeere na cobalt na oghere etiti nke valvụ ahụ iji mee ka ọnụ ụzọ valvụ dị elu na-eche ihu site na ịgbado ọkụ arc. N'ihi na ihu dị n'ime akụkụ miri emi nke oghere etiti nke valvụ ahụ, ịgbado ọkụ na-agbado nwere ike ịkpata ntụpọ dị ka ịgbado ọkụ noddle na mgbawa.
Emere ule usoro nke ịgbado ọkụ oghere na-emighị emi d802 site na imepụta na nhazi ihe nlele dịka achọrọ. A na-achọpụta ihe kpatara ntụgharị dị mfe na njikọ nyocha usoro.
¢Ù Ihe eji agbado ọkụ n'elu mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.
¢Ú ihe ịgbado ọkụ na-amịkọrọ mmiri.
¢Û Ihe izizi na igwe ndochi nwere ọtụtụ adịghị ọcha na ntụpọ mmanụ.
¢Ü Ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ nke valvụ ahụ buru ibu site na ịgbado ọkụ eletrik (karịsịa dn32 ~ 50mm).
(5) Ụkpụrụ nkà na ụzụ nke ikpo ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ihe ezi uche na-adịghị na ya.
Usoro ịgbado ọkụ adịghị mma.
¢ß nhọrọ ihe ịgbado ọkụ enweghị ezi uche. Isi ihe na-akpata mgbawa nke ozu valvụ ọkụ eletrik na cobalt base alloy spray welding na-abụkarị nnukwu valvụ isi ike. N'ime ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ, arc na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri solubilization, nke na-aga n'ihu na-agbaze ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ, na okpomọkụ na-ada ngwa ngwa mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, na ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-agbakọta iji mepụta ịgbado ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ kpo oku dị ala, a ga-ebelata okpomọkụ oyi akwa ngwa ngwa. N'okpuru nhazi ngwa ngwa nke oyi akwa akwa ịgbado ọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye nke oyi akwa na-agbado ngwa ngwa karịa nkwụsị nke valvụ ahụ. N'okpuru ọrụ nke nrụgide dị otú ahụ, akwa akwa akwa na ihe mbụ na-eme ngwa ngwa na-eme ka nrụgide nrụgide dị n'ime ya na-eme ka oyi akwa na-agbaji. Ekwesịrị ịmachibido akụkụ bevel mgbe a na-emepụta ọnọdụ ịgbado ọkụ.
Igwe ọkụ ọkụ dị oke ala, a na-ahapụkwa okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa n'oge ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ.
Okpomọkụ oyi akwa siri ike dị oke ala, ọsọ refrigeration oyi akwa dị ngwa ngwa maka akụrụngwa ịgbado ọkụ.
Ihe ịgbado ọkụ cobalt base alloy onwe ya nwere nnukwu red hardness, mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na 500 ~ 700 ¡æ, ike nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe 300 ~ 500hb, ma ya ductility dị ala, mgbape na-eguzogide adịghị ike, mfe na-emepụta crystal cracks ma ọ bụ oyi cracks, ya mere ọ dị mkpa ka a kpoo ọkụ tupu ịgbado ọkụ.
Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-adabere na nha nke workpiece, na ikpo ọkụ n'ozuzu bụ 350-500¡æ.
Ekwesịrị idowe mkpuchi elektrọd ịgbado ọkụ tupu ịgbado ọkụ iji gbochie mmịpụta mmiri.
N'oge ịgbado ọkụ, a na-eme achicha ahụ na 150 ¡æ maka 1h wee tinye ya na cylinder mkpuchi mkpuchi waya.
The arc r Angle nke na-emighị emi oghere ịgba ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ịdị ka nnukwu dị ka o kwere mee, n'ozuzu r¡Ý3mm, ma ọ bụrụ na usoro ikike.
dn10 ~ 25mm caliber valvụ ahụ nwere ike welded site na ala nke na-emighị emi oghere na ịgbado ọkụ waya, iji hụ na siri ike oyi akwa okpomọkụ ¡Ý250*(2, n'etiti arc, arc ka nwayọọ ọsọ kwuru ịgbado ọkụ waya.
The workpiece ngwaahịa e kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ọkụ (250 ¡æ) na 350 10 20 ¡æ tupu ịgbado ọkụ. Mgbe 1.5h nke mkpuchi okpomọkụ gasịrị, a rụrụ ịgbado ọkụ.
N'otu oge ahụ na-achịkwa okpomọkụ oyi akwa siri ike ¡Ý250c, fesa ịgbado ọkụ na njedebe nke ọnya ịgbado ọkụ. Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, a ghaghị itinye ahụ valvụ ozugbo n'ime ọkụ (450 ¡æ) maka mkpuchi okpomọkụ na mkpuchi. Mgbe okpomọkụ nke batch ma ọ bụ ọkụ ịgbado ọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ 710 ¡À20 ¡æ, a na-ejide ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na mkpuchi maka 2h wee tinye ya na ọkụ ọkụ. Mgbe njikwa okpomọkụ dn karịrị 32mm, valvụ ahụ kwesịrị ịgbanye ya ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị nke mbụ iji dozie nsogbu nke ngbanwe na-enweghị isi nke oke isi ike kpatara mgbe ịgbado ịgbado ọkụ nke cobalt dabeere na alloy. Tupu ịgbado ọkụ ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ, ngwaahịa workpiece na-kpochara, ngwaahịa workpiece na-etinye n'ime ọkụ (okpomọkụ akara bụ 250¡æ), kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ 450 ~ 500¡æ, okpomọkụ mkpuchi na jide 2 awa, na ịgbado ọkụ na-mara ọkwa. .
Nke mbụ, fesa waya ịgbado ọkụ nke cobalt dabeere n'elu, ma mechaa ịgbado ọkụ nke oyi akwa nke ọ bụla. N'otu oge ahụ, na-achịkwa okpomọkụ n'etiti n'ígwé ¡Ý250¡æ, na fesa weld afụ mgbe niile ọgwụgwụ.
Mgbe ahụ, dochie eriri igwe anaghị agba nchara martensitic (high cr, ni ikwu ọdịnaya igwe anaghị agba nchara) iji weld weld ahụ nwere ụdị U. Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ eletrik nke valvụ ahụ gwụchara, a ga-etinye ya n'ime ọkụ ozugbo (450 ¡æ) maka mkpuchi ọkụ na nchekwa ọkụ. Mgbe emechara ịgbado ọkụ eletrik nke ogbe ma ọ bụ ọkụ ọkụ, a ga-ebuli okpomọkụ ruo 720¡À20 ¡æ maka imenyụ.
Ọnụ ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ 150 ¡æ / h, a na-echekwa mkpuchi okpomọkụ maka awa 2.
Tank eletrik nwere ọkwa eletrik abụọ, ọrụ ngwaahịa izugbe dị ka cathode, na-agbanwe ike ịnweta mgbe arụchara oghere electrostatic n'etiti akụkụ abụọ ahụ, n'okpuru mmetụta nke ion metal electrostatic ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ thiocyanogen na mbufe cathode, yana nso elu cathode. iji mepụta ihe a na-akpọ oyi akwa okpukpu abụọ, N'okwu a, ntinye ion na gburugburu cathode dị ntakịrị karịa na mpaghara na-ezere cathode, nke nwere ike iduga na nnyefe ion dị anya.
Metal positive ion ma ọ bụ thiocyanogen ewepụtara site na ntọhapụ nke ion dị mgbagwoju anya, dị ka oyi akwa okpukpu abụọ si dị wee rute n'elu cathode iji mepụta mmeghachi omume oxidation na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ígwè.
Electroplating usoro electroplating akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ dịtụ n'oge, elu ọgwụgwọ usoro na mmalite nke nnyocha na mmepe bụ tumadi izute ndị mmadụ corrosion mgbochi na ịchọ mma ga.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na mmepe nke mmepụta ihe na sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, na-aga n'ihu mmepe nke ọhụrụ mmepụta usoro, karịsịa ntoputa nke ụfọdụ ọhụrụ mkpuchi ihe na composite plating technology ka ukwuu gbasaa ngwa ubi nke elu ọgwụgwọ usoro, ma mee ka ọ ghọọ. akụkụ dị mkpa nke imewe injinia elu.
Usoro electrolating bụ otu n'ime teknụzụ electrodeposition metal. Ọ bụ usoro nke inweta alluvium metal n'elu siri ike site na electrolysis. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịgbanwe ọdịdị elu nke akụrụngwa siri ike, melite ọdịdị ahụ, melite nguzogide corrosion, eyi nguzogide na nguzogide esemokwu, ma ọ bụ kwadebe mkpuchi ígwè na njirimara mejupụtara pụrụ iche. Nye eletrik pụrụ iche, magnetik, ngwa anya, thermal na njirimara elu ndị ọzọ na njirimara usoro ndị ọzọ.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, Usoro nke electrodeposition metal na cathode bụ usoro ndị a1) Usoro mbufe okpomọkụ nke ion dị mma ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ thiocyanogen ha na batrị lithium electrolyte na cathode (ibe ọrụ ngwaahịa) elu ma ọ bụ elu nke mbufe n'ihi ọdịiche dị iche iche.2) usoro ngbanwe nke elu nke ion ion dị mma ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ thiocyanogen ha n'elu ọkwa eletrik na n'ime mmiri mmiri dị n'akụkụ elu nke usoro mmeghachi omume oxidation, dị ka ntụgharị nke thiocyanogen ligand ma ọ bụ mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nhazi.3) Usoro photocatalytic metal ion ma ọ bụ thiocyanogen na cathode iji nweta electrons, n'ime igwe igwe. 4) usoro nhazi usoro ọhụrụ nke bụ ịmepụta usoro ọhụrụ, dị ka nhazi nke ígwè ma ọ bụ aluminum alloy. Tank eletrik nwere ọkwa eletriki 2, ihe nrụpụta ngwaahịa izugbe dị ka cathode, na-agbanwe ohere nnweta ike mgbe arụchara oghere electrostatic n'etiti akụkụ abụọ ahụ, n'okpuru mmetụta nke ion metal electrostatic ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ thiocyanogen na mbufe cathode, yana nso cathode. elu iji mepụta ihe a na-akpọ oyi akwa okpukpu abụọ, mgbe ahụ, cathode gbara gburugburu ion ion dị ntakịrị karịa ion ion na mpaghara iji zere cathode, Ọ nwere ike iduga na-ebufe ion dị anya.
Metal positive ion ma ọ bụ thiocyanogen ewepụtara site na ntọhapụ nke ion dị mgbagwoju anya, dị ka oyi akwa okpukpu abụọ si dị wee rute n'elu cathode iji mepụta mmeghachi omume oxidation na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ígwè.
Ihe isi ike nke ụgwọ na mwepu nke ion dị mma n'oge ọ bụla na elu cathode abụghị otu. N'akụkụ ọnụ na nnukwu akụkụ nke kristal, ike dị ugbu a na ọrụ electrostatic dị ukwuu karịa ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ nke kristal. N'otu oge ahụ, abụba unsaturated molekụla dị na oghere kristal na nnukwu akụkụ nwere ikike mgbasa ozi dị elu. Na ebe a ụgwọ na ihapu na saịtị a na-etolite lattice mgbe nile nke ụmụ irighiri ihe n'ime metal. Ebe kacha mma ịchajị na mwepụta nke ion a dị mma bụ anya nke kristal ọla mkpuchi.
Ka anya na-agbasawanye n'akụkụ kristal, a na-etolite oyi akwa nke uto monatomic site na ubube akụ na ụba nke mpụga. N'ihi na lattice mgbe nile elu nke cathode metal nwere a ala nrụgide gbasaa site lattice mgbe nile agha, atom nke nta nke nta jikọtara na cathode elu ogide naanị akụkụ nke na-aga n'ihu na molekụla Ọdịdị nke metal substrate (cathode), n'agbanyeghị ihe dị iche. na lattice mgbe niile geometry na nkọwa n'etiti metal substrate na mkpuchi metal. Ọ bụrụ na molekụla Ọdịdị nke mkpuchi metal dị nnọọ iche na nke mkpụrụ, uto crystallization ga-abụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka molekụla Ọdịdị nke ntọala, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe na ya dịtụ kwụsiri ike molekul Ọdịdị. Ọdịdị molekụla nke electroalluvium na-adabere na njirimara crystallographic nke metal a na-akwakọba n'onwe ya, na nhazi nhazi na-adabere na ihe ndị dị mkpa nke usoro electrocrystallization ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. The compactness nke alluvium na-adabere kpamkpam na ion itinye uche, mgbanwe ugbu a na elu surfactant, na kristal size nke electrocrystal dabeere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na elu surfactant ịta.
Abụọ, otu metal plating usoro otu metal plating na-ezo aka plating ngwọta na naanị ụdị metal ion, mgbe plating na-etolite otu metal mkpuchi usoro.
A na-emekarị otu metal plating usoro tumadi gụnyere ọkụ itinye galvanizing, ọla kọpa plating, nickel plating, igwe anaghị agba nchara plating, tin plating na tin plating, wdg, nke nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-eji dị ka ígwè akụkụ na ndị ọzọ mgbochi corrosion, kamakwa nwere ọrụ. nke ịchọ mma imewe ma melite àgwà nke malleability.
Ọkọlọtọ electrode ikike nke zinc bụ -0.76v. Maka ihe nchara ígwè, mkpuchi zinc bụ mkpuchi oxidation subanodic, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji zere mmebi nke ígwè. E kewara usoro electrogalvanizing ụzọ abụọ: galvanizing na-ekpo ọkụ anụ ahụ na itinye galvanizing na-ekpo ọkụ na-enweghị cyanide.
A na-eji galvanizing na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ngwọta mmiri mmiri, mkpuchi dị nro na nke siri ike, ojiji zuru oke, a na-ekewa ngwọta plating n'ime micro cyanide, cyanide dị ala, cyanide ọkara na cyanide dị elu ọtụtụ klaasị.
Ma n'ihi na ihe ahụ na-egbu egbu, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ahọrọla micro cyanide na enweghị ngwọta cyanide plating.
Ihe ngwọta plating na-enweghị cyanide na-agụnye acid zinc phosphate plating solution, ngwọta nnu plating ngwọta, potassium thiocyanate plating solution na ngwọta fluoride plating na-enweghị hingeless.
1. Eleghị anya alkali na-ekpo ọkụ itinye galvanizing mkpuchi kristal mma, mma gloss, plating ngwọta larịị na miri plating ikike dị mma, ekwe ka ojiji nke ugbu a ike na okpomọkụ nso bụ obosara, obere corrosion na usoro.
Ọ bụ adabara akụkụ na mgbagwoju anya electroplating usoro na mkpuchi ọkpụrụkpụ n'elu 120¦Ìm, ma ugbu a ike plating ngwọta bụ dịtụ ala na-egbu egbu.
Ekwesịrị ịṅa ntị na akụkụ ndị a na nhazi ngwọta plating na nhazi usoro: 1} na-achịkwa nlezianya nke akụkụ nke ọ bụla na ngwọta plating.
Ọnụ ego ịta ahụhụ nke akụkụ ọ bụla nke nnukwu cyanide na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ galvanized mmiri ngwọta (moll / L) kwesịrị ịnọgide na-enwe dị ka: 2) ntị na ngwọta na bath, sodium hydroxide na gas metụtara components.
Mgbe ihe mejupụtara sulfide gafere 50 ~ 100g / L, conductivity nke plating ngwọta na-ebelata, na anodic oxidation passivation ọgwụgwọ ga-eji na-na usoro (na refrigeration okpomọkụ bụ -5¡æ, na oge bụ n'elu 8h, na potassium). A na-ebelata uru ịta carbonate 30 ~ 40g / L). Ma ọ bụ usoro mgbanwe ion (ịgbakwunye sodium carbonate ma ọ bụ barium hydroxide deposition na plating solution) ka a gwọọ ya. 3) Ngwa ngwa oxidation anodic nke efere ígwè na-ekpo ọkụ (ọdịnaya zinc nke 99.97%) kwesịrị ịṅa ntị na ogwe aka nke anodic oxidation, iji zere apịtị anode na-ese n'elu ihe ngwọta, nke mere na mkpuchi adịghị mma.
4) The uche nke anụ ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ-mikpu galvanized ngwọta nke fọdụrụ bụ dịtụ obere, na ya kwere ọdịnaya bụ: ọla kọpa 0.075 — 0.2g/L, ụzọ 0.02 — 0.04g/L,0.05 — 0.15g/L, tin 0.05 — 0.1 g / L, chromium 0.015 - 0.025g / L, adịghị ọcha na ígwè 0.15g / L¡¤ plating ngwọta nwere ike dozie n'ụzọ ndị a: Tinye 12.5-3g / L sodium sulfide, nke mere na ọ nwere ike na-etolite sulfide precipitate na ígwè na ndu na ihe ndị ọzọ isi ígwè dị mma ion iji wepụ: Tinye ntakịrị ntụ ntụ zinc, nke mere na ọla kọpa na ndu nwere ike dochie anya na ala nke tank iji wepụ: nwekwara ike nkwụnye ngwọta, cathode ike ugbu a bụ 0.1-0.2 A / cm2.
2 ele mmadụ anya n'ihu alkali zinc phosphate na-ekpo ọkụ itinye galvanized ele mmadụ anya n'ihu alkali zinc acid th na-ekpo ọkụ itinye galvanized bath mejupụtara dị mfe, adaba iji, mma na-egbuke egbuke mkpuchi, mkpuchi adịghị mfe agwụ, obere corrosion nke usoro, nsị ọgwụgwọ dịkwa nnọọ mfe.
Ma plating ngwọta nke homogeneous plating larịị na miri plating ike karịa plating ngwọta bụ ogbenye, nke ugbu a ike dị ala (70% ~ 80%), mkpuchi n'elu a ụfọdụ ọkpụrụkpụ ductility mma.