Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata echiche teknụzụ nke mmepe nke valve electroplating

Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata echiche teknụzụ nke mmepe nke valvụ electroplating atọ yuan ethylene propylene ọkụ ọkpọkọ na-emechi mgbanaka roba, 63-65 Shaw A,15MPA, nrụgide mgbe niile na-erughị 25% nke atụmatụ ogige dị ọnụ ahịa. Mmiri mmiri (gas, mmiri mmiri) akara bụ teknụzụ izugbe dị mkpa na mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, ọ bụghị naanị ihe owuwu, petrochemical, ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri, nrụpụta igwe, ike, njem, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ enweghị ike ime na-enweghị akara teknụzụ, ụgbọ elu, ikuku na ụzọ ndị ọzọ. ụlọ ọrụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na teknụzụ akara. Ugbo nke ngwa nke teknụzụ akara dị elu nke ukwuu. Ngwa niile metụtara nchekwa mmiri, njem na ntụgharị ike nwere nsogbu akara. Nke mbụ, chọpụta ihe ndị na-egosi arụmọrụ nke uru na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma nke ihe mkpuchi ihe 1 Ngwongwo ihe eji eme ihe bụ ihe mbụ a ga-atụle maka ihe mkpuchi, gụnyere ike nkwụsị, nrụgide elongation mgbe nile, elongation na nkwụsịtụ na nrụrụ ogologo oge na nkwụsịtụ. Ike tensile bụ nrụgide dịtụ ukwuu nke ihe nlele site na nkwụsị ruo n'ọkpụkpụ. Nchegbu elongation na-adịgide adịgide (mgbanwe elongation modul) bụ nrụgide ruru na elongation akọwapụtara. Elongation bụ nrụrụ nke ụdị n'okpuru ike tensile a kapịrị ọnụ, ọ bụkwa oke nke mmụba nke elongation na ogologo mbụ. Elongation na nkwụsịtụ bụ elongation nke ihe atụ na nkwụsịtụ. Ogologo nrụrụ dị ogologo bụ nrụrụ fọdụrụ n'etiti akara mgbe mgbawa agbaji. 2 ike siri ike na-egosi ike nke ihe mkpuchi iji guzogide ike mpụga n'ime ihe mkpuchi, bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe mkpuchi. Isi ike nke ihe ahụ metụtara ihe onwunwe ndị ọzọ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Nke dị elu nke siri ike, ka ike dị ukwuu, nke dị ntakịrị elongation, nke ka mma na-eguzogide iyi, na njọ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala. 3 Ịrụ ọrụ mkpakọ Akara rọba na-abụkarị n'ọnọdụ abịakọrọ. N'ihi viscoelasticity nke ihe ndị na-emepụta roba, nrụgide ahụ ga-ebelata na oge a na-ejikọta ya, nke gosipụtara dị ka ntụrụndụ nke nrụgide nrụgide. Mgbe o wepụsịrị nrụgide ahụ, ọ nweghị ike ịlaghachi na ọdịdị mbụ, nke gosipụtara dị ka nrụrụ mkpakọ ruo ogologo oge. Ihe omume a na-apụta ìhè karịa na okpomọkụ dị elu na mmanụ mmanụ, nke metụtara kpọmkwem na ịdịte aka nke ike mkpuchi nke ngwaahịa akara. 4 Ọrụ okpomọkụ dị ala iji tụọ njirimara okpomọkụ dị ala nke mkpuchi roba, a na-ewebata ụzọ abụọ na-esonụ nke ịnwale arụmọrụ dị ala: (1) Obere okpomọkụ retraction okpomọkụ: ihe mkpuchi na-agbatị ruo ogologo oge, wee dozie ya, ngwa ngwa dị jụụ. ruo n'okpuru okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, rute nha nha, hapụ mpempe ule ahụ, na n'otu ọnụego okpomọkụ, dekọọ ụkpụrụ retraction nke 10%, 30%, 50% na 70% nke okpomọkụ na TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70. Ụkpụrụ ihe onwunwe na-ewere TR10 dị ka ndeksi, nke metụtara okpomọkụ na-egbuke egbuke nke roba. (2) Obere okpomọkụ mgbanwe: mgbe sample na oyi kpọnwụrụ na oge a kapịrị ọnụ na kpọmkwem ala okpomọkụ, ọ na-reciprocally ehulata dị ka kpọmkwem Angle, na uru na ọghọm dị na akara ikike nke akara mgbe emeghachi omume nke ike ugboro ugboro. A na-enyocha ibu na obere okpomọkụ. 5 Mmanụ ma ọ bụ ọkara na-eguzogide ihe mkpuchi na mgbakwunye na kọntaktị na ntọala mmanụ ala, esters abụọ, mmanụ griiz silicone, na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na-akpọtụrụ acid, alkali na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ na-emebi emebi. Na mgbakwunye na corrosion na mgbasa ozi ndị a, na okpomọkụ dị elu ga-edugakwa na mgbasawanye na mbelata ike, mbelata ike ike; N'otu oge ahụ, a na-amịpụta plasticizer na ihe soluble n'ime ihe mkpuchi ahụ, na-ebute mbelata nke ukwuu, mbelata olu, na-eme ka ntanye. N'ozuzu na okpomọkụ ụfọdụ, mgbe ị na-agbanye na ọkara maka ọtụtụ ugboro, àgwà, olu, ike, elongation na ike nke mgbanwe ahụ na-ekpebi iji nyochaa uru na nkwụsị nke nkwụsị mmanụ ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke ọkara nke ihe mkpuchi. 6 Nguzogide ịka nká Ihe mkpuchi ikuku oxygen, ozone, okpomọkụ, ọkụ, mmiri, nrụgide n'ibu ga-eme ka arụmọrụ arụ ọrụ, nke a maara dị ka ịka nká nke ihe mkpuchi. Enwere ike igosipụta nguzogide ịka nká (nke a makwaara dị ka nkwụsị ihu igwe) site na mgbanwe nke ike, elongation na ike nke usoro ịka nká mgbe ịka nká. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mgbanwe, ka mma na-eguzogide ịka nká. Rịba ama: Mgbochi ihu igwe na-ezo aka na ngwaahịa rọba n'ihi ìhè anyanwụ, mgbanwe okpomọkụ, ifufe na mmiri ozuzo na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ dị na mpụga nke mmetụta, na ọdịdị nke ịda mbà n'obi, disCOLoration, cracking, powder and power drop and a series of aging phenomen. N'ime ha, radieshon ultraviolet bụ isi ihe na-akwalite ịka nká plastik. Nke abụọ, a na-ewebata ihe ndị a na-ejikarị valvụ akàrà 1 Nitrile butadiene roba (NBR) Ọ bụ copolymer na-adịghị agafe agafe nke butadiene na acrylonitrile monomer nke emulsion polymerization mebere. Usoro nhazi ya dị ka nke a: - (CH2-CH=CH) M - (CH2-CH2-CH) N-CN, nitrile butadiene rubber ** ka e mepụtara na Germany dị ka 1930. Ọ bụ copolymer nke butadiene na 25% acrylonitrile. N'ihi na ọ na-eguzogide ịka nká, nguzogide okpomọkụ na nkwụsi ike na-eyi dị mma karịa rọba eke, ụlọ ọrụ rọba anabatala ya nke ọma. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na ngwa ngwa mmepe nke ngwá agha na ngwá ọrụ, ọchịchọ nke okpomọkụ - na mmanụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ nitrile roba dị ka agha njikere ihe na-abawanye nke ọma. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe karịrị mba 20 emepụtala NBR, na-arụpụta kwa afọ nke tọn 560,000, na-aza 4.1% nke mkpokọta rọba sịntetik nke ụwa. N'ihi nguzogide okpomọkụ ya dị mma, nguzogide mmanụ na ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ugbu a ọ ghọọla ngwaahịa bụ isi nke rọba na-eguzogide mmanụ, na-aza ihe dịka 80% nke ọchịchọ maka mmanụ niile na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nitrile butadiene roba na 1950s emeela nnukwu mmepe, ka ọ dị ugbu a enwere ihe karịrị ụdị 300, dị ka ọdịnaya nke acrylonitrile si dị, na 18% ~ 50% acrylonitrile ọdịnaya nwere ike kewaa: ọdịnaya nke acrylonitrile bụ 42% maka oke oke. ọkwa nitrile dị elu, 36% ruo 41% maka ọkwa nitrile dị elu, 31% ruo 35% maka ọkwa nitrile dị elu, 25% ruo 30% maka ọkwa nitrile ọkara, yana ihe na-erughị 24% maka ọkwa nitrile dị ala. Ojiji ụlọ ọrụ nke dịtụ ukwuu bụ obere nitrile nitrile -18 (jikọta ya na ọdịnaya acrylonitrile nke 17% ~ 20%), ọkara nitrile nitrile -26 (jikọta ya na ọdịnaya acrylonitrile nke 27% ~ 30%), ọkwa nitrile butanitrile -40 (jikọta ya na acrylonitrile ọdịnaya nke 36% ~ 40%). Mmụba nke ọdịnaya acrylonitrile nwere ike imeziwanye nguzogide mmanụ na nguzogide okpomọkụ nke NBR, ma ọ bụghị ihe ka mma, n'ihi na mmụba nke ọdịnaya acrylonitrile ga-ebelatakwa arụmọrụ dị ala nke rọba. A na-ejikarị rọba nitrile butadiene na-emepụta mmanụ hydraulic mmanụ, mmanụ lubricating, kerosene na mmanụ ụgbọala na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwaahịa rọba okpomọkụ ya bụ -50-100 degrees; Enwere ike iji ọrụ obere oge maka ogo 150, na ikuku na ethanol glycerin antifreeze na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke -45-100 degrees. Nguzogide ịka nká nke nitrile adịghị mma, mgbe ihe ozone dị elu, ọ ga-eme ngwa ngwa ịka nká ma na-agbawa, ọ dịghịkwa adaba maka ọrụ ogologo oge na ikuku okpomọkụ dị elu, ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị arụ ọrụ na mmanụ ọkụ hydraulic mmanụ nke phosphate ester. Njirimara anụ ahụ zuru oke nke nitrile butadiene roba: (1) rọba nitrile n'ozuzu oji, agba nwere ike gbanwee dịka mkpa ndị ahịa si dị, mana ọ ga-abawanye ụgwọ ụfọdụ, ma nwee ike imetụta iji rọba. (2) rọba nitrile nwere ntakịrị ụtọ akwa rere ure. (3) Dị ka njirimara na-eguzogide mmanụ nke nitrile roba na ojiji nke okpomọkụ dị iche iche iji chọpụta ma ihe nke akara bụ nitrile roba. Silicone roba (Si ma ọ bụ VMQ) Ọ bụ polymer linear na Si-O bond unit (-Si-O-Si) dị ka isi yinye na organic otu dị ka akụkụ otu. N'ihi mmepe nke ụgbọ elu, ikuku ikuku na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ebute ụzọ, ọ dị mkpa ngwa ngwa maka nnukwu okpomọkụ na obere okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ihe mkpuchi roba. Early ojiji nke eke, butadiene, chloroprene na ndị ọzọ n'ozuzu roba enweghị ike izute mkpa nke ulo oru mmepe, otú na mmalite 1940s na United States abụọ ụlọ ọrụ malitere itinye n'ime mmepụta nke dimethyl silicone roba, bụ nke mbụ silicone roba. Obodo anyị mekwara nyocha nke ọma wee tinye ya na mmalite 1960s. Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, ụdị dị iche iche, arụmọrụ na mkpụrụ nke gel silica etolitela nke ukwuu. Isi njirimara nke silica gel: (1) okpomọkụ na-eguzogide silica gel elu okpomọkụ kwụsie ike arụmọrụ. Enwere ike iji ya na 150 ℃ ogologo oge, arụmọrụ agaghị agbanwe nke ọma; Ọ nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na ihe karịrị 10,000 awa na-aga n'ihu na 200 ℃, na pụrụ ọbụna-eji maka a obere oge na 350 ℃. (2) Oyi na-eguzogide obere phenyl silica gel na ọkara phenyl silica gel nwere ezigbo mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ala mgbe ọnụọgụ nguzogide oyi dị n'elu 0.65 na -60 ℃ na -70 ℃. N'ozuzu okpomọkụ nke silica gel bụ -50 ℃. (3) mmanụ na-eguzogide mmanụ na nguzogide kemịkalụ nke silica gel na ethanol, ** na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbaze polar na ndidi mmanụ nri dị ezigbo mma, naanị na-eme ka obere mgbasawanye, a gaghị ebelata ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe; Nkwenye nke silica gel na obere ntinye nke acid, alkali na nnu dịkwa mma. Mgbe etinyere ya na 10% sulfuric acid ngwọta maka ụbọchị 7, mgbanwe mgbanwe olu bụ ihe na-erughị 1%, na ihe eji arụ ọrụ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ma silica gel anaghị eguzogide sulfuric acid, alkali, carbon tetrachloride na toluene na ihe mgbaze ndị ọzọ na-abụghị polar. (4) ike ịka nká na-eguzogide, silica gel nwere nguzogide ozone doro anya na nguzogide radieshon adịghị atụnyere roba nkịtị. (5) Ngwongwo dielectric Silica gel nwere oke olu resistivity (1014 ~ 1016 ω cm) na uru nguzogide ya na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide n'elu oke. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ojiji dị ka ihe mkpuchi n'okpuru ọnọdụ voltaji dị elu. (6) Silica gel na-ere ọkụ agaghị ere ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụrụ na ọkụ na-agba ọkụ, ọkụ ya na-emepụta obere gas na-egbu egbu, na ngwaahịa ndị ahụ mgbe ọkụ ọkụ ga-etolite seramiiki mkpuchi, ya mere silica gel bụ ihe na-eme ka ọkụ dị mma. Na Nchikota na n'elu e ji mara, silica gel bụ *** * eji na ezinụlọ ngwa eletriki ụlọ ọrụ akàrà ma ọ bụ roba akụkụ, dị ka electric ketulu, ígwè, microwave oven roba akụkụ; Akara ma ọ bụ akụkụ rọba na ụlọ ọrụ eletrọnịkị, dị ka igodo ekwentị mkpanaaka, ihe mkpuchi na DVD, akara na njikọ eriri, wdg; Akara na ụdị ihe niile dị na kọntaktị na ahụ mmadụ, dị ka karama mmiri, ndị na-enye mmiri, wdg. isi yinye na n'akụkụ yinye. Site na mmalite 1950s, United States na ndị bụbu Soviet Union malitere ịmepụta fluorinated elastomer. Nke mbụ etinyere na mmepụta bụ United States DuPont na 3M ụlọ ọrụ vtionA na KEL-F mgbe ọkara narị afọ nke mmepe, fluorine elastomer na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ọkara na-eguzogide, obere okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na usoro na akụkụ ndị ọzọ enwetawo ngwa ngwa mmepe, ma guzobe usoro. nke ngwaahịa. Gluo fluorine nwere ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ, nguzogide ozone na ụdị mmanụ hydraulic dị iche iche. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na ikuku bụ -40 ~ 250 ℃, na okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na mmanụ hydraulic bụ -40 ~ 180 ℃. N'ihi nhazi, njikọta na arụmọrụ dị ala nke fluorine rubber dị njọ karịa rubber n'ozuzu, ọnụahịa ahụ dị oke ọnụ, ya mere a na-eji ya na mgbasa ozi dị elu nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-erughị eru maka, ma ọ bụghị maka ụfọdụ phosphate ester ngwọta. 4 EPDM (EPDM) Ọ bụ terpolymer nke ethylene, propylene na obere ego nke diene alkenes na-enweghị njikọ. N'afọ 1957, Ịtali ghọtara mmepụta nke ethylene na propylene copolymer roba (ruba EPC ọnụọgụ abụọ). N'afọ 1963, DuPONT gbakwunyere obere diene okirikiri na-enweghị njikọ dị ka monomer nke atọ na ndabere nke ethylene propylene ọnụọgụ abụọ, wee mepụta ternary ethylene propylene dị ala na-enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na nkekọ abụọ na agbụ molekụla. N'ihi na ọkpụkpụ azụ molekụla ka juru eju, EPDM na-ejigide ihe ndị mara mma nke EPDM ọnụọgụ abụọ mgbe ha na-enweta ebumnuche nke vulcanization. Epdm roba nwere magburu onwe ozone eguzogide, na ozone ịta nke 1 * 10-6 gburugburu ebe obibi ka na-adịghị cracking 2430 awa; Ezigbo nguzogide corrosion: ezigbo nkwụsi ike na mmanya, acid, alkali siri ike, oxidants, detergents, mmanụ anụmanụ na akwukwo nri, ketones, na ụfọdụ lipids (ma na mmanụ mmanụ mmanụ, mmanụ mmanụ hydraulic dị njọ, enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ na kọntaktị na mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ). gburugburu ebe obibi); Magburu onwe okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ike ga-eji na -60 ~ 120 ℃ okpomọkụ ruo ogologo oge; Ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide mmiri na ikike mkpuchi ọkụ. Epdm roba agba eke bụ beige, ezigbo ngbanwe. 5 Polyurethane elastomer Ọ bụ polymer nke polyisocyanate na polyether polyol ma ọ bụ polyester polyol ma ọ bụ / na obere molekul polyol, polyamine ma ọ bụ mmiri na ndị ọzọ yinye extenders ma ọ bụ crosslinkers. N'afọ 1937, Prọfesọ Otto Bayer si Germany chọpụtara na enwere ike ịmepụta polyurethane site na mgbakwunye nke polyisocyanate na polyol ogige, na ndabere nke a, ọ banyere n'ime ngwa mmepụta ihe. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke polyurethane elastomer sitere na -45 ℃ ruo 110 ℃. Ọ nwere nnukwu elasticity na ike, ezigbo nguzogide na-eyi, mmanu mmanu, ike ọgwụgwụ na ujo na-eguzogide n'ọtụtụ siri ike. Karịsịa maka mmanụ mmanụ na mmanụ mmanụ, ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide ọzịza ma mara ya dị ka "roba na-eguzogide ọgwụ". Polyurethane elastomer nwere ọmarịcha arụmọrụ zuru oke, ejiri ya mee ihe na metallurgy, mmanụ ala, ụgbọ ala, nhazi ịnweta, nchekwa mmiri, textile, mbipụta, ahụike, egwuregwu, nhazi nri, ihe owuwu na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. 6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Teflon (English abbreviation Teflon ma ọ bụ [PTFE,F4]), a maara dị ka / a na-akpọkarị "eze rọba", aha azụmahịa ndị China "Teflon", "Teflon" (Teflon), "Teflon", "Teflon". "Teflon", "Teflon" na ndị ọzọ. A na-eme ya nke tetrafluorethylene site na polymerization nke ogige polymer, na nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ magburu onwe ya, nguzogide corrosion (bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide corrosion nke ụwa bụ ihe dị mma, na mgbakwunye na sodium a wụrụ awụ na fluorine mmiri, nwere ike iguzogide kemịkal ndị ọzọ niile, na-esi na aqua). rega enweghị ike ịgbanwe, *** a na-eji ụdị ọ bụla dị mkpa iji guzogide acid na alkali na organic solvents), akara, akwa mmanye na-abụghị nrapado, mkpuchi eletriki na ezigbo ntachi obi ịka nká, ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ (nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na + 250 ℃ ka -180 ℃ okpomọkụ ruo ogologo oge). Teflon n'onwe ya abụghị ihe na-egbu egbu nye ụmụ mmadụ, mana ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), otu n'ime ihe ndị e ji eme ihe na-emepụta ihe, na-eche na ọ nwere ike ime ihe na-egbu egbu. Okpomọkụ dị -20 ~ 250 ℃ (-4 ~ +482°F), na-enye ohere ịdị jụụ na mberede na kpo oku na mberede, ma ọ bụ ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-agbanwe. Nrụgide -0.1 ~ 6.4Mpa (Ntugharị zuru ezu ruo 64kgf / cm2)