Ọkụ nrụgide okpomọkụ valvụ eletrik hydraulic actuator mmeghe

Nrụgide okpomọkụ valvụ valvụ eletriki hydraulic actuator mmeghe Nrụgide valvụ - ogo okpomọkụ bụ nrụgide arụ ọrụ dị elu nke enwere ike ime na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ akọwapụtara dị ka nrụgide nlele. Ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, ka nrụgide ọrụ na-ekwe ka ọ na-ebelata. Data ọkwa nrụgide nrụgide bụ isi ihe ndabere maka nhọrọ ziri ezi nke flanges, valves na ọkpọkọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, yana ihe ndị bụ isi na nhazi injinia na mmepụta ihe. ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings maka American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute na BS1560 Part II ka emepụtara dị ka ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings. Nrụgide okpomọkụ Nrụgide valvụ - ogo okpomọkụ bụ nrụgide arụ ọrụ dị elu nke enwere ike ime na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ akọwapụtara dị ka nrụgide nlele. Ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, ka nrụgide ọrụ na-ekwe ka ọ na-ebelata. Data ọkwa nrụgide nrụgide bụ isi ihe ndabere maka nhọrọ ziri ezi nke flanges, valves na ọkpọkọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, yana ihe ndị bụ isi na nhazi injinia na mmepụta ihe. E gosipụtara ọkwa nrụgide-okpomọkụ na data maka ihe dị iche iche n'Isi nke 4. Ọtụtụ mba ewepụtala ụkpụrụ nrịbama okpomọkụ maka valves, ntinye na flanges. I. Ụkpụrụ America Na ọkọlọtọ America, nrụgide na ọkwa okpomọkụ maka valvụ ígwè dị ka ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992, ASMEB 16.34-1996; Nrụgide na ọkwa okpomọkụ maka valvụ ígwè nkedo dị ka ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Nrụgide na ọkwa okpomọkụ maka valves ọla dị ka ASME / ANSI B16.15A-1992, ASME Nkwadebe nke B16 .24-1991. 1) ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 na-edepụta usoro nha flange abụọ n'asụsụ Bekee na nkeji metric, wee depụta nrụgide flange na ọkwa okpomọkụ dị na sistemụ abụọ ahụ n'otu n'otu. Enyere usoro iji chọpụta nrụgide nkeji nke Britain - ogo okpomọkụ na Mgbakwunye D nke Standard. Inweta nkeji metrik dị ka ọmụmaatụ, usoro iji chọpụta ọkwa nrụgide-okpomọkụ maka ihe dị iche iche bụ: Ebe PT bụ nrụgide ọrụ na-anabata nke ukwuu (MPa) na okpomọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ; PN -- Nrụgide aha (MPa); σ- - Nchegbu a na-anabata (MPa) nke ihe na okpomọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ. Ebe, uru 148 bụ uru nrụgide nke ihe nchara carbon n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ, nke a maara dị ka ọnụọgụ nrụgide nrụtụ aka. σ na usoro a na-emetụta àgwà okpomọkụ nke ihe onwunwe, nrụgide na-ekwe ka ike na-emepụta ihe na okpomọkụ dị iche iche, na ibu bolt. A kọwapụtara uru nke σ S na ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ihe dị ka 100 ụdị ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke French na-esonye n'ọkọlọtọ, nke a na-achịkọta dị ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ yiri ya na ihe eji arụ ọrụ. ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 flange mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings maka American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute na BS1560 Part II ka emepụtara dị ka ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 mgbali-okpomọkụ ratings. 2) American ANSI B16.42-1985 "ductile iron pipe Flanges na Flanged Fittings" ọkọlọtọ na-enye CL150 na CL300 (PN2.0 na PN5.0mpa) ductile iron flange pressure rating na mgbakwunye nke ọkọlọtọ na-enyekwa usoro nhazi. nke klas okpomọkụ nrụgide, ụkpụrụ ya bụ isi, oke ojiji, mgbochi na usoro na-adabere na ASME/ANSIB 16.5A-1992. 3) ASME B16.34-1996 na-agụnye data nrụgide okpomọkụ maka valves flanged na ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ntụle ọnọdụ okpomọkụ maka valves flanged na ọkọlọtọ a na-agbaso usoro nhazi nke ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Ọkọlọtọ a na-edepụta nrụgide - tebụl data ogo okpomọkụ maka valvụ ọkọlọtọ klas flanged na butt-welded yana maka valvụ klaasị pụrụ iche ejiri butt. Enwere ihe karịrị 100 ihe valvụ edepụtara na ọkọlọtọ, kewara n'ime otu 27. Ii. Ụkpụrụ German ọkọlọtọ DIN2401-1977, Nkebi nke Abụọ, Nrụgide Na-arụ Ọrụ Maka Nrụgide Nrụgide Ọkụ, Akụkụ ígwè na nkedo ígwè, bụ ụkpụrụ zuru oke maka ọkwa nrụgide-okpomọkụ. N'ime ha, a na-edepụta nrụgide ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọkpọkọ na-enweghị ntụpọ, ọkpọkọ welded, flange, valve, ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ na bolt n'okpuru ihe dị iche iche na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Ọkọlọtọ a gụnyere ụdị flanged 6, ụdị valvụ iron flanged 4, igwe nkedo 5, ụdị nchara 5, nke niile bụ ihe mbụ. All steels bụ carbon ígwè na ala alloy ígwè, igwe anaghị agba nchara adịghị agụnye. Edebere n'ụzọ doro anya na ọkọlọtọ na mgbe ahọpụtara ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche na nke mbụ, a ga-agbakọọ nrụgide ọrụ na-ekwe ka ọ dị n'etiti uru njirimara ike nke ihe eji eme ihe na ike uru nke ihe mbụ akọwapụtara na ya. Standard na 20 ℃. Maka nrụgide ihe igwe anaghị agba nchara - ogo okpomọkụ, ISO/DIS70651 "flange steel" agbakwunyere. Usoro maka ikpebi ọkwa nrụgide-okpomọkụ nke ihe igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ: Ebe PT bụ ikike arụ ọrụ ikike (MPa) nke ihe a kapịrị ọnụ ọhụrụ na okpomọkụ T; PN -- Nrụgide aha (MPa); σs- - ike nke ihe onwunwe na okpomọkụ T, ntụgharị Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa). Ebe, uru 205 bụ mkpụrụ ike uru nke Cr18Ni8Mo ígwè na 20 ℃, mara dị ka ntụaka nrụgide ọnụọgụ. Nke atọ, ọkọlọtọ Soviet nke mbụ ọkọlọtọ Soviet TOCT356-1980 "Valve na pipeline accessories nominal pressure, ule nrụgide na usoro nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ", niile kwekọrọ na ọkọlọtọ cMIAC RTAB253-19760 Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nrụgide ọrụ na nrụgide ọnụ na-egosipụta site na usoro na-esonụ: Ebe PT - nrụgide ọrụ nke ihe a kapịrị ọnụ na okpomọkụ T, (MPa); PN -- Nrụgide aha (MPa); σ20 - Nchekwa ike (MPa) nke ihe na 200 ℃; A na-anabata nrụgide nke ihe na σ S - -- okpomọkụ (MPa) Na ọkọlọtọ Soviet mbụ TOCT356-1980, a na-ejikọta ihe. N'ọkọlọtọ a, a na-ahụta nrụgide ọrụ ikike dịtụ ukwuu n'okpuru 200 ℃ dị ka nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nkịtị, yana nha nha n'ọnụ. Standardkpụrụ mba ụwa ọkọlọtọ ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 “Common Pipe Flanges” bụ ngwakọta nke ọkọlọtọ America ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 na ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ nominal mgbali klas flange ọkọlọtọ German. Nrụgide, Ya mere, a okpomọkụ mba ụkpụrụ na-otu n'ime nakweere na United States na Germany mba abụọ a flange mgbali okpomọkụ nke ụkpụrụ ntọala usoro na kwekọrọ ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 na nominal mgbali PN0.25, dị ka 0.6, 1.0. , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa bụ a German flange usoro; PN2,5,10,15,25,42MPa bụ nke American flange usoro. Ụkpụrụ nrịbama okpomọkụ maka sistemu ọ bụla na-emetụta naanị ọkọlọtọ flange maka sistemu dị iche iche. Nke ise, ụkpụrụ mba China ọkọlọtọ mba GB/T9124-2000 (Agbakwunyere A) "Nka na ụzụ ọnọdụ maka ígwè Pipe Flanges" na-ezo aka ụkpụrụ na ụzọ maka ịmepụta nrụgide na okpomọkụ ratings na German DIN2401-1977 na American ASME / ANSI B16.5A. -1992, ma na-eji ihe flange a na-ejikarị eme ihe na China. Dị ka ọkọlọtọ mba ISO/DIS7005-1-1992, flange mgbali-okpomọkụ rating maka abụọ nominal mgbali usoro (PNO.25 ~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) e chepụtara n'otu n'otu. The ọkọlọtọ ezipụta 13 ụdị flange ihe na 12 nominal mgbali akara ule, arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke 20 ~ 530 ℃ dịtụ nnukwu ekwe na-arụ ọrụ nrụgide. Otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder Figure 2-23 na-egosi atụmatụ atụmatụ nke otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder. Silinda hydraulic a nwere mkpanaka piston n'otu ọnụ ụlọ. Usoro ntinye ya nwere ụdị cylinder abụọ edozi na mkpanaka piston. Iji wepụta ngbanwe ahịrị, a na-ejikarị ndozi cylinder eme ihe. Ebe na-arụ ọrụ dị irè nke otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder na oghere mkpanaka na enweghị oghere mkpanaka adịghị nhata. Ya mere, mgbe mmanụ nrụgide na-abanye n'oghere abụọ nke cylinder n'otu nrụgide na ọsọ ọsọ, ọsọ ọsọ na ntinye nke piston na ntụziaka abụọ ahụ adịghị nhata. Silinda na-agbagharị agbagharị nwere ike nweta mmegharị mmegharị ahụ na-emegharị emegharị, akụkụ ya na-emegharị erughị 360º. Ngwa nke hydraulic actuator na valvụ na-achịkwa adịghị mma dị ka pneumatic na ọkụ eletrik. N'ụkpụrụ, ọ bụrụhaala na a na-agbanwe isi iyi nke pneumatic actuator na ike hydraulic, ọ nwere ike ịghọ onye na-arụ ọrụ hydraulic. Hydraulic actuator bụ n'ezie cylinder hydraulic, eji na hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, tumadi otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder na swing hydraulic cylinder. 1 hydraulic cylinder (1) Single piston rod hydraulic cylinder Figure 2-23 na-egosi atụmatụ atụmatụ nke otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder. Silinda hydraulic a nwere mkpanaka piston n'otu ọnụ ụlọ. Usoro ntinye ya nwere ụdị cylinder abụọ edozi na mkpanaka piston. Iji wepụta ngbanwe ahịrị, a na-ejikarị ndozi cylinder eme ihe. Ebe na-arụ ọrụ dị irè nke otu piston rod hydraulic cylinder na oghere mkpanaka na enweghị oghere mkpanaka adịghị nhata. Ya mere, mgbe mmanụ nrụgide na-abanye n'oghere abụọ nke cylinder n'otu nrụgide na ọsọ ọsọ, ọsọ ọsọ na ntinye nke piston na ntụziaka abụọ ahụ adịghị nhata. Ọgụgụ 2-23 Schematic eserese nke otu piston mkpanaka hydraulic cylinder A) mgbe a na-enye mmanụ na-enweghị oghere mkpanaka b) mgbe a na-enye mmanụ na oghere mkpanaka c) mgbe a na-eme njikọ dị iche iche nke cylinder hydraulic na FIG. 2-23, na ọnụ ọgụgụ A, mgbe a na-eri mmanụ na-enweghị oghere mkpanaka, ọsọ ya na-arụpụta ike; na ọnụ ọgụgụ B, mgbe mmanụ na-eri nri na mkpanaka oghere, ọsọ ya bụ mmepụta ike; C na-egosi njikọ dị iche iche nke cylinder hydraulic, na ọsọ ya bụ: ike mmepụta bụ. (2) Silinda swing nwere ike nweta mmegharị na-emegharị emegharị, akụkụ swing ya na-erughị 360 Celsius. Ụdị otu agụba na akwa na ụdị pinion ka a na-ejikarị cylinder oscillating eme ihe. Ngwunye na pinion swing cylinder na-eme akwa na mkpanaka piston n'etiti piston abụọ. The rack meshed na gia iji gbanwee mmegharị mmegharị nke mkpanaka piston n'ime ntụgharị nke ogwe mmepụta, dị ka egosiri na Figure 24. Otu efere agụba swing cylinder dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2-25A, ọ na-adabere na mmiri iji mee ka agụba ahụ pụta. efere n'ime cylinder iji nweta swing. N'ime cylinder a na-emegharị emegharị, a na-egosi ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ọkara nrụgide P na ogwe pendulum na Figure 2-25b, na uru ya bụ ngwaahịa nke nrụgide P na anya R. The traction torque nke a na-emepụta site na nrụgide ọkara na-eme n'aka ekpe. akụkụ nke efere agụba dum bụ N'usoro a, D -- cylinder body diameter (cm); D -- dayameta nke swing axis (cm); P -- nrụgide ọrụ ntinye (MPa); H -- Obosara agụba (cm); Qu - Ntugharị kwa mgbanwe nke cylinder swinging (CM3 / R) η - arụmọrụ arụ ọrụ nke swing cylinder η = 0.8 ~ 0.85 Ọ bụrụ na a na-akpọ nkezi ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ogwe ntụgharị dị ka N (r / min), mgbe ahụ ụda olu na-eru. nke cylinder swinging. Qu (L/min) Ihe osise 2-24 Pinion na rack ụdị swing cylinder 1.1 'otu nut 2.2' otu bolt 3 otu njedebe mkpuchi 4,4 'otu njedebe mkpuchi akara akara 5.5' otu mmiri / mmiri oche 6,6 'otu rack piston 7 otu shei 8.21 otu washer 9 otu mgbanaka na-ejigide mgbanaka 10 otu mpempe akwụkwọ 11.13.17.20.24 -- 0 mgbanaka 12.25 -- ngwụcha mkpuchi flat na-edozi bolt 15 - Piston ohia 16 - mgbanaka ntuziaka piston 18- Gear aro 19 - ala ala ibu 22 - elu elu