Kugwiritsa ntchito Chemical process: chiwongolero chazovuta zokhazikika komanso zosakhalitsa

Pamene 10% ya mphamvu yowonjezera yovomerezeka yogwira ntchito (MAWP) idutsa, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kutsegula diski yophulika kapena valve yothandizira. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akuyenda pafupi ndi MAWP, chonde ganizirani kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pampu inverter, kusasunthika kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kwa valavu yolamulira, kuthamanga kwapamwamba, kupopera koyambira, kupopera kwapampu, kutseka kwa valve kutseka ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu. Chinthu choyamba ndikuzindikira kupanikizika kwakukulu pazochitika zomwe zinafika ku MAWP. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adutsa MAWP, yang'anani kuthamanga kwa kachitidwe ka 200 pa sekondi imodzi (mapampu ambiri ndi makina otsekemera amawunika kamodzi pamphindikati). The standard process pressure sensor sensor sidzalemba zopsinja zomwe zimadutsa 4,000 mapazi pamphindikati kudzera pa mapaipi. Poyang'anira kuthamanga kwa nthawi za 200 pa sekondi iliyonse kuti mulembe zodutsa zopanikizika, ganizirani kachitidwe kamene kamalemba maulendo othamanga mokhazikika kuti musunge kuwongolera kwa fayilo ya deta. Ngati kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kuli kochepa, makinawo amalemba kuchuluka kwa ma data 10 pamphindikati. Kodi kupanikizika kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti? Yambani kumtunda kwa mpope, kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa valve yowunikira, ndi kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa valve yolamulira. Ikani njira yowunikira kupanikizika pamalo ena pansi pamtsinje kuti mutsimikizire kuthamanga kwa mafunde ndi kuyamba kwa kuthamanga kwamphamvu. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kuthamanga kwa pampu kumayambira. Dongosolo la mapaipi lapangidwa kuti likhale 300 pounds (lbs) American National Standards Institute (ANSI), kukakamiza kwakukulu kovomerezeka ndi 740 pounds per square inch (psi), ndipo kuthamanga kwapampu koyambira kupitilira 800 psi. Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa mayendedwe obwerera kumbuyo kudzera mu valavu yoyendera. Pampuyo imagwira ntchito mokhazikika pamagetsi a 70 psi. Pompo ikachotsedwa, kusintha kwa liwiro kumatulutsa mafunde oyipa, omwe amabwereranso ku mafunde abwino. Pamene mafunde abwino akugunda disk valve check, valve check valve ikadali yotseguka, kuchititsa kuti kutuluka kwake kusinthe. Pamene cheki valavu chatsekedwa, pali chinanso kumtunda kuthamanga ndiyeno zoipa kuthamanga yoweyula. Kuthamanga kwa mapaipi kumatsika mpaka -10 pounds pa square inch gauge (psig). Tsopano kuti kupanikizika kwapang'onopang'ono kwalembedwa, sitepe yotsatira ndiyo kutsanzira makina opopera ndi mapaipi kuti ayese kusintha kwa liwiro komwe kumabweretsa mavuto owononga. Pulogalamu ya Surge modelling imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuti alowetse popindika popindika, kukula kwa chitoliro, kukwera, m'mimba mwake ndi chitoliro. Ndi zigawo zina ziti za mapaipi zomwe zingapangitse kusintha kwachangu mudongosolo? Mapulogalamu opanga ma Surge amapereka mndandanda wazinthu za valve zomwe zimatha kutsatiridwa. Mapulogalamu apakompyuta osakhalitsa amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kutengera mawonekedwe a gawo limodzi. Ganizirani za kuthekera kwa kuyenda kwa magawo awiri omwe angadziwike ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kwanthawi yochepa pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kodi pali cavitation pamapope ndi mapaipi? Ngati inde, kodi zimayamba chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa pampu kapena kutulutsa kwapampu paulendo wapampu? Kugwira ntchito kwa ma valve kumapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa mapaipi asinthe. Pogwiritsa ntchito valavu, kuthamanga kwamtunda kumawonjezeka, kutsika kwapansi kumachepa, ndipo nthawi zina cavitation idzachitika. Njira yosavuta yothetsera kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kungakhale kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito potseka valve. Kodi wogwiritsa ntchito akuyesera kusunga kuthamanga kosalekeza kapena kuthamanga? Nthawi yolankhulirana pakati pa dalaivala ndi chopatsira choponderezedwa chingapangitse kuti dongosolo lifufuze. Pazochita zilizonse, padzakhala kuchitapo kanthu, chifukwa chake yesani kumvetsetsa kupanikizika kwa transients kudzera pa liwiro la mafunde. Pamene mpope ifulumizitsa, kupanikizika kumakwera, koma kuthamanga kwapamwamba kudzawonetsedwa mmbuyo ngati mafunde oipa. Gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira pafupipafupi kuti musinthe ma drive amagalimoto ndi ma valve owongolera. Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa kupanikizika kosakhazikika komwe kumapangidwa ndi variable frequency drive (VFD). Kuthamanga kwa kutulutsa kunasintha pakati pa 204 psi ndi 60 psi, ndipo kusintha kwa s742 kunachitika mkati mwa ola la 1 ndi maminiti a 19. Control valve oscillation: Kuthamanga kwamagetsi kumadutsa mu valve yolamulira musanayankhe kugwedezeka. Kuwongolera koyenda, kuwongolera kwapambuyo komanso valavu yochepetsera mphamvu zonse zimakhala ndi nthawi yoyankha. Kuti apereke ndi kulandira mphamvu, zotengera za pulsation ndi ma surge zimayikidwa kuti zisungidwe mafunde amphamvu. Pozindikira kukula kwa pulsation damper ndi thanki yowonjezera, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa malo okhazikika komanso mafunde ochepa komanso othamanga kwambiri. Mphamvu ya gasi ndi kuchuluka kwa gasi ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuthana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu. Kuwerengera kwa gasi ndi madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira ma pulsation dampers ndi ma buffer zombo okhala ndi ma multivariable constants a 1 pamlingo wokhazikika ndi 1.2 pakanthawi kochepa. Ma valve ogwira ntchito (otsegula / otseka) ndi ma valve oyang'ana (kutseka) ndi kusintha kofanana ndi liwiro lomwe limayambitsa kuyang'ana. Pampuyo ikazimitsidwa, tanki yotchinga yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa valavu yowunikira ipereka mphamvu pakuthamanga kwa inflation. Ngati pampu ikudutsa pamapindikira, kuthamanga kwa msana kuyenera kupangidwa. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akukumana ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kuchokera ku valavu yowongolera kuthamanga kumbuyo, dongosololi lingafunike kuyika pulsation damper kumtunda. Ngati valavu imatseka mofulumira kwambiri, onetsetsani kuti mpweya wa mpweya wa chotengera chowongolera mphamvu ukhoza kuvomereza mphamvu zokwanira. Kukula kwa valve cheke kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa chitoliro cha mpope kuti zitsimikizire nthawi yolondola yotseka. Magawo angapo a pampu ali ndi ma valve owunika omwe ali okulirapo, otseguka pang'ono ndi oscillate mumtsinje wotuluka, zomwe zingayambitse kugwedezeka kwambiri. Kuzindikira zochitika za kupsyinjika kwakukulu muzitsulo zazikulu zamapaipi kumafuna malo angapo owunikira. Izi zidzathandiza kudziwa komwe kumachokera mafunde amphamvu. Kuthamanga koyipa komwe kumapangidwa pansi pa mphamvu ya nthunzi kungakhale kovuta. Kuthamanga kwa magawo awiri a gasi kuthamanga ndi kugwa kumatha kulembedwa kudzera pakuwunika kwakanthawi kochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya wazamalamulo kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kumayamba ndikuwunika kwakanthawi kochepa.