Malinga ndi muyezo wa OSHA womwe umayang'anira magwiridwe antchito a zinyalala zowopsa komanso kuyankha mwadzidzidzi (29 CFR 1910.120), akatswiri azinthu zowopsa ndi omwe amayankha omwe "amayandikira pomwe amamasulidwa kuti amapulagi, chigamba, kapena kuletsa kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zowopsa." Chifukwa chake, maphunziro pa mulingo waukadaulo uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi njira ndi zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyimitsa kutulutsa mwangozi (ie, maphunziro osungira).
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la maphunziro osungiramo zinthu ndikuwapatsa ophunzitsidwa kumasulidwa kofananira kuti abwezeretsedwe.Zotsatirazi zikufotokozera zida zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsira zida ku University of Alabama ku Birmingham / Center for Labor Education and Research (UAB/CLEAR) Malo Ogwira Ntchito ndi Chitetezo Chachilengedwe ndi Health Program.
Zigawo zonse za zida zomwe zafotokozedwa pano, kupatula chidebe cha chlorine, zimapezeka mosavuta kudzera m'malo am'deralo monga masitolo a hardware, ogulitsa mabomba, ndi makampani opanga mafakitale. zida.Komabe, zimaganiziridwa kuti wowerenga ali ndi luso lokwanira la makina ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida.Choncho, malangizo enieni a ntchito monga kulumikiza mapaipi pamodzi kapena kubowola ndi kugwedeza sikuphatikizidwa.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ntchito zonse, njira zabwino zotetezera ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa popanga zida zophunzitsira.Mwachitsanzo, kuyika choyikapo chomwe chimakakamiza silinda ya gasi kumafuna kubowola ndikugogoda pakhoma lakumbali la silinda ya gasi. Njirayi yokha ingaphatikizepo zoopsa zosiyanasiyana. , kuchokera ku tinthu tating'ono timene timauluka kuchokera m'mabowo omwe amatha kuwononga maso, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, moto kapena kuphulika (ngati silinda ili ndi zinthu zotsalira). Ogwira ntchito okhawo odziwa bwino njira zotetezera ayenera kuchita izi.
Chitoliro cha chitoliro ndi chipangizo chaulere chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mipope yamadzi. Chitoliro chachitsulo chagalasi ndi zowonjezera zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zolimba, koma ngati kulemera kuli kodetsa nkhawa, chitoliro cha PVC chikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. storage.Chidacho chikhoza kuperekedwa ndi madzi pogwiritsa ntchito payipi ya dimba kapena gwero lililonse loyenera lamadzi.
Mfundo zosiyanasiyana zotulutsa zimatha kutsatiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapaipi kuti ziwonetsere ntchito zosamalira.Mwachitsanzo, mabowo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe akhoza kudulidwa, kudula kapena kuyika mapaipi. Momwemonso, zolumikizira zotayirira kapena zolumikizira zimatha kuyambitsa kutulutsa.Izi zimafuna kuti wophunzira agwiritse ntchito wrench yoyenera kuti akhwimitse kulumikizana kuti aletse kutayikira.Magwero ena otulutsa amatha kuyimitsidwa mwa kutseka valavu.
Zinthu monga ma racks a mapaipi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzitsa njira zabwino zogwirira ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira angasonyezedwe kuti mwa kuika chidebe pansi pa valavu ya pachipata ndi kutsegula valavu musanayambe ntchito yokonza, akhoza kuchepetsa kutayika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika panthawi. ntchito pamene kuchepetsa kupsyinjika pa kutayikira iwo akukonza, potero kukulitsa kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwawo.
Ubwino umodzi waukulu woperekedwa ndi zida monga zoyika mapaipi ndi kusinthasintha. Kukula ndi mtundu wa mapaipi, zolumikizira, ndi kuwonongeka kwawo zimachepa ndi zolinga zophunzitsira, zoyambira za ophunzira, ndi malingaliro a mphunzitsi. Komanso, aphunzitsi amatha kusintha zida mosavuta. .
Universal Containment Training Device (yotchedwa "Leak Monster") imapangidwa kuchokera ku tanki ya chotenthetsera chamadzi chamagetsi cha galoni 30. Chipangizochi chapangidwa kuti chilolere kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana za pulagi/chigamba kapena kukonza zotayikira.
Auzeni ophunzira kuti akonze zotulukapo zotuluka zikachitika.Chida chokonzedweratu chimaperekedwa kuchokera komwe ayenera kusankha zida ndi zida zogwirira ntchito yokonzanso.Monga kutayikira komwe kulipoko kumayimitsidwa, kutulutsa kwatsopano kudzawoneka ngati kuchuluka kwamadzi mu tanki kumakwera. Monga CLEAR imagwiritsa ntchito zidazi, ophunzitsidwa amachita izi kuti akonze zotulukapo zonse:
Ikani chojambula cha 112 ″ chokonza mapaipi pabowo lalikulu la chitoliro cholowera (amalola madzi kulowa mu thanki);
Gwiritsani ntchito unyolo ndi zomatira zonyamula katundu kuti mutseke gasket ndi mbale yakumbuyo yachitsulo ku dzenje lalikulu losawoneka bwino m'mbali mwa khoma;
Ikani valavu yachipata yotsegula bwino pa chitoliro chomwe chili pamwamba pa thanki, kenaka mutseke valavuyo.
Chitoliro chapamwamba kwambiri cholumikizidwa ku thanki chimakhala ndi mipira isanu ndi umodzi ya ping pong. Ngati masitepe onse asanu ndi limodzi achitidwa molondola, mtsinje wamadzi umawululira mipira iyi kuchokera pamwamba pa chitoliro pamene valavu ya pachipata ikutseka. zotsatira zopambana.
Silinda yeniyeni ya 150-pounds ya chlorine idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a chipangizocho.Silinda inaperekedwa kwa UAB / CLEAR itatha kuchotsedwa ndi wogulitsa m'deralo.Masilinda amatha kupanikizidwa, kulola ophunzira kuti azichita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zothandizira chlorine.Njira zomwe zafotokozedwa apa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukakamiza zotengera matani.
Silinda imapanikizidwa ndi mpweya kudzera m'zingwe zomwe zimayikidwa m'mbali mwa makoma. Izi zimafuna kubowola bowo mu thanki ndikulumikiza 14 "NPT yokwanira. Pazifukwa zodziwikiratu, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zilizonse zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zinthu zowopsa ndizokwanira. opanda kanthu musanabowole, kudula, kuwotcherera, kapena kuchita ntchito ina iliyonse pa chidebecho.Choyenera CLEAR chimagwiritsira ntchito kulumikiza chingwe cha mpweya ndi silinda ndi kuzungulira konsekonse kotero payipi nthawi zonse imaloza pansi kuti kuchepetsa kusokoneza.
Pofuna kukakamiza, CLEAR imagwiritsa ntchito silinda ya SCBA yopereka mpweya pafupifupi 2,200 psi. Wowongolera magawo awiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asunge mphamvu ya silinda pa 30 psi. "T" mu ndege imalola ma silinda a 150 lb ndi tani 1 zotengera kukakamizidwa kuchokera ku chimodzimodzi regulator.Zolumikizidwe zonse zili ndi zolumikizira zofulumira kuti ziphatikizidwe mosavuta ndi kupasuka.Kugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera kuti muchepetse kupanikizika ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika. zochita, monga kuima kutsogolo kwa zipangizo ndi kuzimasula.
Ophunzira amagwira ntchito awiriawiri kuti akonzenso chlorine. Gulu lililonse lisanabwere, alangizi pa malo ochitira opaleshoni amaonetsetsa kuti pali malo otayira angapo oti akonze. Kutayikira kungayesedwe pomasula cholumikizira (monga pulagi ya fusible, nati wopakira, kapena kapu yotulutsa. ) ndi kutsegula valavu.Komanso, valavu yonse imatha kumasulidwa pang'ono kuchokera ku silinda.Ophunzira amapatsidwa botolo lopopera ndi sopo kuti agwiritse ntchito kuti azindikire kutuluka.Muzochita zenizeni zowonongeka kwa chlorine, kutulutsa thovu la filimu ya sopo pakutha. mfundo m'malo ntchito njira ammonia kuzindikira kutayikira.
Ophunzira amapatsidwa zida zadzidzidzi za Chlorine Institute "A" zotsatizana ndi ntchito zosamalira.Poyambirira, adagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimaperekedwa muzitsulo kuti asiye kutuluka m'dera la valve mwa kulimbitsa mgwirizano kapena kutseka valve. Pambuyo pake, mphunzitsiyo anachotsa Chophimba chotuluka, anatsegula valavu, ndipo analangiza gulu kuti lipitirize ngati likutuluka ndipo njira yapitayi siimaima. Panthawiyi, wophunzirayo adzafunika kukhazikitsa msonkhano wa hood woperekedwa ndi "A" kit pa silinda. valve.Njira ina ndiyo kukonzekeretsa silinda ndi valavu yowonongeka mwadala kuti msonkhano wa hood uyenera kuikidwa.
Maziko a chipangizocho ndi mutu wa bokosi lachitsulo lomwe limayikidwa pazitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma casters, zogwirira ntchito ndi mphete zonyamulira.CLEAR inagula mankhwalawa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa malonda a zothandizira maphunziro a chlorine.Chida ichi chikugwirizanitsidwa ndi madzi. valavu ndi pulagi m'munsi fusible ndi mzere madzi.
Valavu ya nthunzi pa chithandizo cha maphunziro a chidebe cha tani yakhala ikukakamizidwa kupyolera muzitsulo za mpweya zomwe zimayikidwa mu chitoliro chapamwamba chotulutsa mpweya.
Mutu wa chidebe cha tani umagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi momwe silinda ya 150-pounds imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa.Zosiyana zazikulu ndizosiyana makonzedwe a fusible plug ndi kufunikira kwa chipangizo cha Chlorine Institute "B" chokonzekera matani.
Malingaliro omwewo okhudzana ndi ngozi zowopsya zomwe zimakambidwa pazitsulo za 150-pounds zimagwira ntchito pa maphunziro okhudzana ndi mitu ya tani.Zotsatira zotetezera zofanana ndizofunika.
Pamene mukuphunzitsidwa ndi zipangizozi, monga nthawi zina zonse, chitetezo cha wophunzira chiyenera kukhala chofunika kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, pophunzitsidwa ndi chotengera chopanikizidwa, kupanikizika kumasinthidwa kukhala otsika kwambiri, wophunzira akuchenjezedwa, ndi kuphunzitsidwa ndi chotengera chopanikizika. Mphunzitsi amayang'anitsitsa mosamala kuti awonetsetse kuti wophunzirayo sakuchita zinthu zomwe zingawaike pachiopsezo. Kuonjezera apo, zoopsa za chitetezo cha m'deralo, monga matope, zikhoza kubwera pophunzitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamadzi.
Zipangizo zomwe zafotokozedwa apa ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta kuti aphunzitse maluso oyambira okhala, komanso zovuta zolimbitsa thupi monga kuyerekezera zochitika. anaganiziridwa.Palibe zipangizo zimenezi ndi oyenera maphunziro pansi katswiri.
Zofunikira ndizofunikanso kuziganizira. Ophunzira a UAB/CLEAR's technical refresher courses akuyenera kukonza zotayikira pazida zitatu zosiyanasiyana (universal containment training, 150-pound chlorine cylinder, and 1-ton chlorine head head) kuvala suti ya M'kalasi B. Zida Zodzitetezera Zokha (PPE) .Ophunzira onse alandira maphunziro ndi luso la kuvala zida zodzitetezera pa ntchito yokonza. , masewero olimbitsa thupi omwewo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa maphunziro oyambirira aukadaulo.
Zambiri mwa zida zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku UAB / CLEAR zida zopezeka mosavuta ndi zoperekera.Mapulaniwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zitsanzo ndipo akhoza kusinthidwa ngati pakufunikira kuti aphatikizepo zigawo zomwe zilipo ndikuwongolera zolinga zenizeni za mphunzitsi. cholinga chake ndikutulutsa zida zomwe zidzalola ophunzira kuti azitsatira njira zosungira zomwe zingafunike pakachitika mwadzidzidzi.n
ALAN VEASEY ndi wotsogolera pulogalamu ya Workplace and Environmental Safety and Health Programme yoyendetsedwa ndi Center for Labor Education and Research (UAB/CLEAR) ku University of Alabama ku Birmingham.Ali ndi Masters mu Maphunziro ndipo pano akumaliza Masters mu Occupational Health and Safety
ALAN VEASEY ndi wotsogolera pulogalamu ya Workplace and Environmental Safety and Health Programme yoyendetsedwa ndi Center for Labor Education and Research (UAB/CLEAR) ku University of Alabama ku Birmingham.Ali ndi Masters mu Maphunziro ndipo pano akutsata Masters mu Occupational Health and Safety
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-17-2022
