Kupanga valavu yamapaipi sikungathe kuchita zinthu 14 zapaipi yapaipi yokonza mavavu?

Kupanga valavu yamapaipi sikungathe kuchita zinthu 14 zapaipi yapaipi yokonza mavavu?

Taboo 1: Pamene kuwotcherera payipi, mapeto olakwika a chitoliro pambuyo awiri si pa mzere wapakati womwewo, palibe kusiyana pa awiriwo, chitoliro wandiweyani khoma si fosholo, ndi m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld kuchita. osakwaniritsa zofunikira za code yomanga. Zotsatira zake: Kumapeto kolakwika kwa chitoliro sikuli pakati pa mzere kumakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa kuwotcherera ndi maonekedwe abwino. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa mbali ziwiri, chitoliro cha khoma lakuda sichimafosholo, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld sikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mphamvu zowotcherera. Miyeso: Pambuyo kuwotcherera chitoliro awiri, chitoliro sangakhale cholakwika, ku Central Line, awiri ayenera kusiyidwa kusiyana, wandiweyani khoma chitoliro kwa fosholo poyambira, kuwonjezera, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld ayenera kukhala malinga ndi
Ayi 1:
Pamene kuwotcherera chitoliro, mapeto olakwika a chitoliro pambuyo awiri si pa mzere wapakati womwewo, palibe kusiyana pa awiriwo, chitoliro wandiweyani khoma si fosholo, ndipo m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa kuwotcherera si kukumana ndi zofunikira za code yomanga.
Zotsatira:
Mapeto olakwika a chitoliro sali mu mzere wapakati womwewo umakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa kuwotcherera ndi maonekedwe abwino. Palibe kusiyana pakati pa mbali ziwiri, chitoliro cha khoma lakuda sichimafosholo, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld sikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mphamvu zowotcherera.
Miyezo:
Pambuyo kuwotcherera chitoliro, chitolirocho sichiyenera kukhala cholakwika, ndipo chiyenera kukhala pa Central Line. Mpatawo usiyidwe pa awiriwo, ndipo chitoliro chokhuthala chapakhoma chiyenera kufoswana. Kuphatikiza apo, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa msoko wa weld uyenera kuwotcherera molingana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa.
Ayi 2:
Pazida zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, pamakhala kusowa kwa zikalata zowunikira zaukadaulo kapena ziphaso zoyenereza zazinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse kapena yosalengezedwa.
Zotsatira:
Ubwino wa polojekitiyo suli oyenerera, pali ngozi zobisika, sizingaperekedwe pa nthawi, ziyenera kubwezeredwa kukonzanso fakitale; Zimayambitsa kuchedwa kwa projekiti, kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera.
Miyezo:
Zida zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi ndi ngalande ndi ntchito zotenthetsera ndi zaukhondo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe boma limapereka kapena unduna wa zikalata zowunika zaukadaulo kapena chiphaso chazinthu; Dzina la malonda, chitsanzo, mafotokozedwe, mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa dziko, tsiku loperekera, dzina ndi malo omwe amapanga, satifiketi yoyendera kapena kachidindo kamene kaperekedwe kayenera kuwonetsedwa.
Ayi 3:
Njira zopangira ma valve, zitsanzo sizimakwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwadzina kwa valve kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kuyesa kwa dongosolo; Pamene m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chanthambi choperekera madzi ndi chocheperapo kapena chofanana ndi 500mm, valavu yachipata imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mapaipi owuma ndi oyimirira a kutentha kwa madzi otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma valve odulidwa. Chitoliro choyamwa cha pampu yamoto chimagwiritsa ntchito valavu ya butterfly.
Zotsatira:
Kukhudza valavu yachibadwa kutsegula ndi kutseka ndi kusintha kukana, kuthamanga ndi ntchito zina. Ngakhale chifukwa ntchito dongosolo, valavu kuwonongeka anakakamizika kukonza.
Miyezo:
Podziwa kuchuluka kwa mavavu amitundu yonse, sankhani ma valve ndi zitsanzo malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. Kuthamanga mwadzina kwa valve kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira za kupanikizika kwa dongosolo la kuyesa. Malinga ndi zofunika za malamulo zomangamanga: madzi chitoliro m'mimba mwake zosakwana 50mm ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito valavu odulidwa; Mavavu a pachipata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro cha chitoliro ndi chachikulu kuposa 50mm. Kutentha kwamadzi otentha kowuma, valavu yowongolera iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yachipata, chitoliro choyamwa chamoto sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya butterfly.
Mfundo 4:
The flange ndi gasket wa chitoliro kugwirizana si amphamvu mokwanira, ndi cholumikizira bawuti ndi lalifupi kapena woonda m'mimba mwake. Mapaipi a mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa mapaipi, mapaipi a asibesitosi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi amadzi ozizira, ndipo mapaipi awiri kapena ma bevel amagwiritsiridwa ntchito okhala ndi ma flange otuluka mu chitoliro.
Zotsatira:
Flange olowa si zolimba, ngakhale kuonongeka, kutayikira chodabwitsa. Mphepete mwa flange imatuluka mu chitoliro, zomwe zidzawonjezera kukana kwa kutuluka.
Miyezo:
Mipope flanges ndi gaskets ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika pakupanga mapaipi ntchito kuthamanga. Mphepete mwa payipi yotenthetsera ndi madzi otentha iyenera kukhala paipi yaasibesitosi; The flange gasket wa madzi ndi ngalande chitoliro ayenera kukhala mphira gasket. Gasket ya flange sidzaphulika mu chubu, ndipo kuzungulira kwake kunja kwa dzenje la flange ndi koyenera. Bevel pad kapena ma gaskets angapo sayenera kuyikidwa pakati pa flange. Kutalika kwa bawuti wolumikiza flange kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 2mm kuposa kabowo ka flange. Utali wa bawuti ndodo yotuluka mtedza uyenera kukhala makulidwe a mtedza. .
Ayi 5:
Chitolirocho chimakwiriridwa mwachindunji munthaka yachisanu ndi dothi lotayirira popanda chithandizo, ndipo katayanitsidwe ndi malo a piers za chitoliro ndizosayenera, ngakhale ngati njerwa youma.
Zotsatira:
Chifukwa cha kuthandizira kosakhazikika, payipiyo idawonongeka panthawi yobwezeretsa nthaka, zomwe zidapangitsa kukonzanso kukonzanso.
Miyezo:
Mapaipi sayenera kukwiriridwa m'nthaka yowuma komanso dothi lotayirira losasunthika, kusiyana kwa ma piers kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo omanga, ndipo khushoni lothandizira liyenera kukhala lolimba, makamaka polumikizana ndi mapaipi, omwe sadzakhala ndi mphamvu yakumeta ubweya. Mipiringidzo ya njerwa iyenera kumangidwa ndi matope a simenti kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika ndi kulimba.
Ayi 6:
M'nyengo yozizira, kuyesa kwa hydrostatic kumachitika pansi pa kutentha koyipa.
Zotsatira:
Chitolirocho chinazizira mofulumira panthawi ya kuyesa kwa hydrostatic.
Miyezo:
Yesetsani kuchita mayeso a hydrostatic musanagwiritse ntchito nthawi yachisanu, ndikuwomba madziwo mutatha kuyesedwa, makamaka madzi a valve ayenera kukhala *** ukonde, apo ayi valavu idzaundana. Ntchitoyi iyenera kuchitidwa m'nyengo yozizira ya hydrostatic test, kuti kutentha kwa m'nyumba kukhale kwabwino, pambuyo poyesa kukakamiza kuwomba madzi. Pamene mayeso a hydrostatic sangathe kuchitidwa, mayeso amatha kuchitidwa ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa.
Ayi 7:
Maboti okulitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza zitoliro ndi zinthu zotsika, pobowolerera mabawuti okulirapo ndi akulu kwambiri, kapena mabawuti okulitsa amayikidwa pamakoma a njerwa kapena makoma opepuka.
Zotsatira:
Kuthandizira kwa chitoliro kumasuka, kusinthika kwa chitoliro, kapena kugwa.
Miyezo:
Bolt yowonjezera iyenera kusankhidwa ngati chinthu choyenera. Ngati ndi kotheka, iyenera kutsatiridwa kuti iyesedwe ndikuwunika. Kubowo kwa bawuti yakukulitsa sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 2mm yakunja kwa bawuti yakukulitsa.
Chigawo 8:
Gulugufe valavu flange ndi flange wamba.
Zotsatira:
Gulugufe valavu flange ndi wamba flange kukula ndi osiyana, ena awiri flange ndi yaing'ono, ndi gulugufe valavu chimbale chachikulu, chifukwa sangathe anatsegula kapena zovuta kutsegula valavu kuwonongeka.
Miyezo:
Flange iyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi kukula kwenikweni kwa valavu ya butterfly.
Ayi 9:
Musayang'ane zofunikira zoyenera malinga ndi malamulo musanayike ma valve.
Zotsatira:
Chophimba cha valve sichimasinthasintha pakugwira ntchito kwa dongosololi, ndipo chodabwitsa cha kutuluka kwa madzi (nthunzi) sichimatsekedwa mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonzanso komanso kukhudza madzi abwino (nthunzi).
Miyezo:
Musanakhazikitse valavu, kuyesa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwake ziyenera kuchitidwa. Pakuyesa, 10% ya kuchuluka kwa batchi iliyonse (mtundu womwewo, mawonekedwe omwewo, mtundu womwewo) iyenera kufufuzidwa mwachisawawa, osati kuchepera imodzi. Ma valve otsekedwa otsekedwa omwe amaikidwa pa chitoliro chachikulu ndi kudulidwa ayenera kuyesedwa mphamvu ndi kulimba mmodzimmodzi. Mphamvu ya VALVE ndi kulimba koyezetsa kudzagwirizana ndi "Construction Quality Acceptance Code for Building Water Supply, drainage and Heating Engineering" (GB 50242-2002).
No-no 10:
Palibe mabowo osungidwa ndi magawo ophatikizidwa pomanga nyumba yomanga, kapena kukula kwa mabowo osungidwa ndi ang'onoang'ono ndipo zigawo zophatikizidwa sizimatchulidwa.
Zotsatira:
Pokonzekera kutentha ndi kumanga ukhondo, nyumba yomangayi imatengedwa ndi kudulidwa, ndipo ngakhale chitsulo chokhazikika chimadulidwa, chomwe chimakhudza chitetezo cha nyumbayo.
Miyezo:
Dziwani bwino zojambula zomangira zaumisiri wotenthetsera ndi ukhondo, gwirizanani mwachangu ndi mabowo osungidwa ndi magawo ophatikizidwa pomanga nyumba zomangira molingana ndi kuyika kwa mapaipi ndi zopachika zothandizira, ndikutchulanso zofunikira pamapangidwe ndi zomanga kuti mumve zambiri.
Chigawo 11:
Madzi a m'madzi, madzi amvula, chitoliro cha condensate sachita mayeso otsekedwa amadzi amabisala.
Zotsatira:
Zitha kuyambitsa kutayikira kwamadzi, ndikuwononga ogwiritsa ntchito.
Miyezo:
Kuyesedwa kwa madzi otsekedwa kuyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuvomerezedwa motsatira ndondomeko. Kukwiriridwa pansi, mkati mwa denga, pakati pa mipope ndi zimbudzi zina zakuda, madzi amvula, chitoliro cha condensate kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kutayikira.
Chigawo 12:
Njira yoyika mavavu ndiyolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi kapena cheke chamadzi a valve (mpweya) choyendera chimayang'anizana ndi chizindikiro, tsinde la valve limayikidwa pansi, kuyika kopingasa kwa valavu ya cheke kumayikidwa molunjika, valavu ya chipata cha ndodo kapena chogwirira cha butterfly sichitsegulidwa. , malo otsekedwa, tsinde la valve silikuyang'ana pakhomo loyang'anira.
Zotsatira:
Kulephera kwa ma valve, zovuta zosinthira kusintha, kutsika kwa valve nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
Miyezo:
Ikani IN STRICT molingana ndi malangizo oyika valavu, kutalika kotseguka kwa tsinde la valavu kufalikira kwa ndodo yotseguka, valavu ya butterfly ganizirani mozungulira danga la chogwirira, mitundu yonse ya tsinde la valve silingakhale lotsika kuposa malo opingasa. pansi. Valavu yobisika osati kungokhazikitsa kuti ikwaniritse kutsegulira kwa valve ndi kutseka zosowa za chitseko choyendera, panthawi imodzimodziyo tsinde la valve liyenera kuyang'ana pakhomo loyendera.
Chigawo 13:
Pamene madzi kuthamanga mayeso mphamvu ndi zothina dongosolo mapaipi, kuona kusintha kwa kuthamanga mtengo ndi mlingo wa madzi, ndipo fufuzani kutayikira sikokwanira.
Zotsatira:
Kutayikira kumachitika pambuyo ntchito ya payipi dongosolo, zimakhudza ntchito yachibadwa.
Miyezo:
Kuyesedwa kwa madzi otsekedwa kuyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuvomerezedwa motsatira ndondomeko. Kukwiriridwa pansi, mkati mwa denga, pakati pa mipope ndi zimbudzi zina zakuda, madzi amvula, chitoliro cha condensate kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kutayikira.
Chigawo 14:
Pamaso akamaliza payipi dongosolo flushing si lalikulu, otaya mlingo ndi liwiro sangathe kukumana ndi zofunika payipi flushing. Ngakhale madzi kuthamanga mphamvu kuyezetsa ngalande m'malo flushing.
Zotsatira:
Kukoma kwa madzi sikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi, nthawi zambiri kumapangitsanso kuchepetsa gawo la mapaipi kapena kutsekeka.
Miyezo:
Muzimutsuka ndi madzi othamanga kwambiri mu dongosolo kapena kuthamanga kwa madzi osachepera 3m/s. Mtundu wa madzi ndi kuwonekera kwa malo otulutsirako ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa madzi ndi kuwonekera kwa madzi olowera monga oyenerera ndi kuyang'ana kowonekera.
Vavu yamapaipi a Sewage station mungasamalire bwanji?
Q: Suwage siteshoni mapaipi vavu mmene kusamalira?
A: Chimbudzi siteshoni panali mitundu yonse ya mipope, mipope mpweya, mipope zimbudzi, alinso sludge payipi, ena anakhazikitsa pansi, ena anaika mobisa, m'kati ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti payipi otaya, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. , nthawi zonse fufuzani mipope panja, nthawi kuchoka mpweya condensed madzi mu chitoliro, palibe ntchito ya chimbudzi chitoliro ndi sludge madzi mapaipi kukhetsa chitoliro. Musatseke chitoliro cha madzi amoyo, chitoliro chamadzi chakufa chilibe kanthu, madzi a chitoliro cha mpweya nthawi zonse.
Chimbudzi chithandizo dongosolo zimbudzi chitoliro, sludge chitoliro, pambuyo unsembe, kuchita matenthedwe kutchinjiriza mankhwala, makamaka valavu kuganizira kutchinjiriza matenthedwe, kuti mazira yozizira.