Russia standard ductile iron gate valve pn16

Makina opangira madzi olimbana ndi moto-mtundu umodzi wa chowongolera chamoto chopatsa mphamvu kwambiri umapereka madzi ochulukirapo kuposa magalimoto atatu ozimitsa moto-thanki yamadzi yozimitsa moto imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tanki yamadzi yosungirako ngati palibe chowongolera moto chomwe chilipo San Francisco njira yothandizira madzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza moto. Zimapangidwa ndi njira yogawa yomwe imadzazidwa ndi madzi abwino kwambiri, odyetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka kuchokera ku thanki yamadzi ndi thanki yaikulu yosungiramo madzi, ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo awiri opopera pamphepete mwa nyanja, omwe amatha kupopera madzi amchere mwachindunji. dongosolo. Dongosolo logawa limakhala ndi netiweki yapaipi yomwe imawotcha madera omangika amzindawu ndipo imapereka chitetezo chamoto kudera la pafupifupi 9 1/2 masikweya mailosi. Pofuna kuteteza ma piers ndi malo odzaza ndi madoko m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zombo ziwiri zozimitsa moto zapangidwa. Zombozi zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi njira yogawa kudzera mumitundu iwiri yoyikidwa m'malo osavuta, zomwe zimalola zombo kuti zipope madzi a m'nyanja kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumalo ogawa. Matanki okwana 141 ozimitsa moto a konkire anamangidwa m’malo osiyanasiyana mumzinda wonsewo, ngakhale m’misewu ya kunja kwa madera ophimbidwa ndi mapaipi amphamvu kwambiri. Matanki amadziwa amayenera kukhala odzaza ndi madzi abwino komanso osagwiritsa ntchito zida zozimitsa moto. Dongosolo loperekera madzi pazolinga zapakhomo, lodziyimira pawokha popanda dongosolo lomwe lafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, limalumikizidwa ndi ma hydrants otsika pang'onopang'ono mumzinda wonse, motero amapereka chitetezo chowonjezera m'malo odzaza anthu. Dongosolo la alamu la lira linakhazikitsidwa pamodzi ndi makina othandizira operekera madzi, ndipo alamu yamoto inakhazikitsidwa pakati. Ntchito yopangira madzi othandizira idayamba mu 1909 ndipo idamalizidwa kumapeto kwa 1913 motsogozedwa ndi injiniya wapano MM O'Shaughnessy. Ndalama zonse za dongosololi ndi $5,756,000, ndipo zimatha kusunga ndalama za inshuwaransi chaka chilichonse. Ndalamayi imaposa $1,400,000. Dongosolo logawa lili ndi ma 74.5 mailosi a mapaipi achitsulo. Chubuchi chimagwirizana ndi zomwe bungwe la New England Water Association likufuna ndipo layesedwa mufakitale. Poyesa payipi, pa msoko uliwonse wowongoka woyezera mkatikati mwa payipi, galoni imodzi yamadzi inkatuluka maola 24 aliwonse. Kukula kwa chitoliro kumachokera ku mainchesi 20 mpaka mainchesi 8 m'mimba mwake, ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 14. Chitoliro cha 8-inch chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mawaya ochokera mumsewu waukulu kupita kumalo opangira moto. Kupatula m'madera ena (chiwerengerocho ndi zinayi), mapaipi onse ali ngati mabelu komanso mapaipi a casing. Ena mwa mapaipi amaikidwa pa nthaka yodzazidwa kuti agwire ntchito yaikulu pamagulu pakachitika chivomezi kapena chivomezi. Udindo wa. Chitoliro chapansi chokhala ndi mapulagi awiri chinayikidwa m'madera awa, omwe adadulidwa paipi pamtunda wolimba ndi valavu yotsekedwa. Mmodzi wa mavavu anali otsegula pafupi ndi malo ozimitsa moto, kulola kulowa m'deralo. Popeza San Francisco imamangidwa makamaka pamapiri angapo, kuti athe kuwerengera kusiyana kwa kukwera, anthu adawona kuti n'koyenera kugawanitsa dongosololi m'madera awiri, otchedwa "kumtunda" ndi "m'munsi". Kumtunda ndi gawo la pamwamba pa mamita 150 mu msinkhu, ndipo kumunsi ndi gawo la pansi pa mamita 150 mu msinkhu. Valavu yotsekedwa kumtunda imadulidwa kuchokera kumunsi. Malo aliwonse amaperekedwa kudzera mu thanki yosungiramo padera. Dala lalikulu, lotchedwa Shuangfeng Reservoir, layikidwa pamwamba ndikugwirizanitsa ndi akasinja osungiramo kumtunda, kumunsi ndi kumtunda kupyolera mu payipi yapamwamba yomwe imatsogolera mwachindunji kumalo osungiramo madzi. Mapaipiwa nthawi zambiri amadutsa ma valve otsekedwa. Tsekani. Ngati pali moto waukulu, kapena kupanikizika komwe kumafunidwa ndi moto kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kupanikizika komwe kumaperekedwa ndi kutalika kwa thanki yamafuta, mukhoza kutsegula. Kumene mapaipi amadutsana pamphambano za msewu, mavavu anayi amaikidwa, imodzi papaipi iliyonse ya katundu, kotero kuti chipika chilichonse chikhoza kudukidwa ku mbali yotsala ya dongosololo pakasokonezeka. Pali zida zozimitsa moto za 907 m'dongosololi, ndipo chowongolera moto chilichonse chimakhala ndi zingwe zitatu zokhala ndi mainchesi 3 1/2, pomwe zotulutsa ziwiri zimachepetsedwa kukhala mainchesi atatu. Kuthamanga kwapakati pa chowongolera moto kumtunda ndi mapaundi 130. Pa mainchesi lalikulu, mapaundi 143 m'munsi. Pa inchi lalikulu. Vavu ndi tsinde la nkhope yofananira yosakwera, tsinde lamkuwa, ndi mainchesi awiri omwe ndi ang'ono mainchesi 2 kuposa manifold aliwonse okhala ndi kukula kwake kuposa mainchesi 10. Mavavu a 16-inchi ndi 18-inchi ali ndi mavavu a 3-inchi ndi 4-inchi, motsatana, ndipo amatha kuyikidwa molunjika kapena mopingasa. Chisoti ndi valavu yodutsa yofunikira kuti ikhale yopingasa ndi yosiyana ndi yomwe ili yoyima. Ikani mavavu okhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 10 m'miyendo ya konkriti yolimbitsidwa, ikani mavavu 8-inchi ndi 10-inchi pansi, pomwe mavavu 8-inchi ali ndi zokwera 6-inchi, ndi mavavu 10-inchi ndi ma cones a konkriti Riser. Pali malo osungira omwe amatha magaloni 10,000,000 pa Twin Peaks. Madziwo ndi okwera mamita 758. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi axis ya 375 mapazi ndi 280 mapazi. Otsetsereka am'mbali ndi awiri molowera kopingasa ndi kumodzi kolowera, ndipo kuya kwamadzi ndi mapazi 25. M'mbali ndi m'munsi muli ndi zomangira zolimba konkire, ndipo pali zolumikizira zowonjezera pakati pa slab iliyonse. Imagawidwa m'magawo awiri ofanana ndi khoma lokhazikika la konkriti, lokhala ndi zochirikiza zolimba mbali iliyonse. Bay iliyonse ili ndi bay yodziyimira payokha komanso chipinda chachipata. Zipinda ziwiri zakutsogolo zimalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro cha inchi 20 chokhala ndi chipata pamapeto aliwonse. Zipinda ziwiri zokhoma zimalumikizidwa ndi chitoliro cha inchi 20, chokhala ndi valavu yachipata pamapeto aliwonse. Chipinda chilichonse chimakhala ndi chitoliro cha inchi 20 chochokera ku chitoliro kupita ku tanki yosungiramo malo apamwamba komanso malo. Komabe, amachotsedwa ku dongosolo logawa ndi ma valve otseka mu mapaipi a 20-inch ndipo amatsegulidwa pokhapokha pakachitika ngozi. Tanki yosungiramo imadzazidwa ndi thanki yosungiramo zinthu zapamwamba ndi mapampu awiri amagetsi a centrifugal omwe ali mu thanki yosungiramo zinthu zapamwamba, ndipo pampu iliyonse ya centrifugal imakhala ndi mphamvu ya magaloni 700 pamphindi. Iyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Asbury Heights Tank ndipo ili pa Asbury Street pakati pa 17th ndi 18th Streets. Ndi mbale yachitsulo pamaziko olimba a konkriti okhala ndi mainchesi 55, kutalika kwa mainchesi 29 1/2 inchi, ndi mphamvu ya magaloni 500,000. Kutalika kwa madzi ndi 493.5 mapazi. Mapaipi atatu a mainchesi 18 amatsogola kuchokera ku chitoliro ichi kupita ku dongosolo lapamwamba la zone ndipo amadzazidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka kudzera papaipi ya mainchesi 6 yolumikizidwa ku thanki yosungiramo ya Spring Valley Water Company ya Clarendon Heights. Chipata chokhazikika cha konkriti chili kutsogolo kwa thanki yamadzi. Iyi imadziwikanso kuti Jones Street Tank ndipo ili pakati pa Jones Street, Sacramento ndi Clay Street. Ndi nyumba ya konkriti yolimbitsidwa yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana magaloni 750,000. Mkati mwake ndi 60 mapazi ndi kutalika ndi 35 mapazi 10 mainchesi. Kutalika kwa madzi ndi 369 mapazi. Malo apansi amaperekedwa kuchokera ku tanki yamadzi ndi mapaipi awiri a 18-inch. Ngati ndi kotheka, thanki lamadzi likhoza kudutsidwa ndipo malo otsika angaperekedwe kuchokera kumtunda. Tanki yosungiramo zinthu idadzazidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka kudzera papaipi ya mainchesi 6 yochokera ku tanki yosungiramo Clay Street ya Spring Valley Water Company. Nyumba yosungiramo konkire yolimba inalumikizidwa ndi thanki yamadzi, ndipo ozimitsa moto analipo. Sitimayi ili pa Second Street ndi Townsend Street pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa kumwera kwa njira yogawa ndipo idapangidwa kuti ipope madzi amchere kuchokera ku bay kupita kudongosolo. Nyumbayi ndi yomangidwanso ndi konkriti. Yomangidwa pamiyala yolimba ndipo idapangidwa kuti izitha kupirira zivomezi, akuti ndi nyumba yamphamvu kwambiri ku San Francisco. Ili ndi zida zinayi zamapampu amtundu wa turbo, omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi injini ya 750-horsepower Curtis mtundu wopingasa wosasunthika. Makina opangira magetsi aliwonse amakhala ndi mphamvu yotsimikizika ya magaloni 2700 komanso mphamvu yeniyeni ya 3,000 magaloni amadzi amchere pamphindi. Mutu umalemera mapaundi 300. Pa inchi lalikulu. Pampuyo imaperekedwa kudzera mumsewu wa konkriti wolimbitsidwa wokhala ndi mainchesi 6, womwe umayambira kumtunda. Doko loyamwa la mpope lili ndi mainchesi 12 ndi mutu wa mapazi 15. Amatulutsidwa mwachindunji m'dera lapansi kudzera pa mapaipi awiri a 20-inch. Pali ma boilers asanu ndi atatu a 350 HP Babcock & Wilcox. Ma boilers awa amayikidwa mu mabatire anayi, omwe ali ndi ma boiler awiri ndipo amatsekeredwa mumpanda wopanda mpweya wa njerwa ndi chitsulo. Batire iliyonse imalumikizidwa ndi chumuni ya konkire yolimbitsidwa, yomwe ndi mainchesi 68 m'mimba mwake ndi 90 mapazi pamwamba pa kanyumba. Ma boiler awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcha mafuta amafuta, ndipo pali thanki yosungiramo mafuta yomwe imatha migolo 2,000 pansi pa msewu kunja kwa nyumbayo. Chipinda chapansicho chakumbidwa mpaka kuya koyenera kuti apereke matanki amadzi a konkire omakona asanu ndi limodzi omwe amapanga chithandizo cha chipinda chowotchera ndikupereka magaloni 1,000,000 amadzi abwino a boiler. Madzi atsopano ndi kusungirako mafuta operekedwa ndi okwanira kuyendetsa ntchito yonse kwa maola 96. Sitimayi ili ku Black Point ku Fort Mason, kumapeto kwa kumpoto kwa njira yogawa. Zipangizozi zimakhala pafupifupi zofanana ndi za siteshoni yoyamba, kupatula kuti boiler ya Stirling imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa boiler ya Babcock & Wilcox. Tulutsani mapaipi awiri a mainchesi 20 kuchokera pa station, imodzi yopita kumtunda ndi ina yopita kumunsi. Dongosolo lonse limasungidwa nthawi zonse lodzaza ndi madzi abwino pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu. Pakakhala moto, injini, ngolo zapaipi, mbedza, makwerero ndi nsanja zamadzi, zida zonse zoyendetsedwa ndi injini ziyenera kuyankha foni. Chifukwa chomwe injiniyo imayankhira kuitanayi ndi chifukwa chakuti zida zozimitsa moto za Spring Valley Water Company zimaphimba malowa mochuluka kuposa zida zozimitsa moto zamagetsi othamanga kwambiri. Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydrants otsika kwambiriwa ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera moto ndikugwiritsa ntchito injini. M'malo mochotsa chipika chimodzi kapena kuposerapo mumsewu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zozimitsa moto zothamanga kwambiri. Trolley ya payipi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito imakhala ndi batire yowunikira, kotero palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito trolley ya batri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chopopera chamagetsi chothamanga kwambiri, choyamba gwirizanitsani valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ndi kutuluka kwa chopozera moto. Vavu nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa 120 mapaundi. Kupanikizika, izi zitulutsa pafupifupi mapaundi 90 a kuthamanga kwa nozzle. Paipi yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mapazi 200. Chombo chozimitsa moto chothamanga kwambiri chidzakhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo kuposa magalimoto atatu akuluakulu amoto mumzindawu. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito valavu yochepetsera mphamvu, yomwe imakhala ndi ziwiya ziwiri kuchokera pazitsulo zitatu zamoto, ndipo mabomba awiri omwe amachokapo amaperekedwa ndi kugwirizana kolumikizana, kotero kuti payipi imodzi yamoto 8 inapangidwa, 1 1 / 4 mainchesi awiri. Kulemera kwa nozzle ndi mapaundi 100. Kuthamanga kwa nozzle kumatha kupeza magaloni 2290 pamphindi kuchokera pa chopozera moto, poyerekeza ndi magaloni 2250 pamphindi pamagalimoto atatu ozimitsa moto. Mu Pumping Station No. 1, seti imodzi ya boilers nthawi zonse imasungidwa pansi pa mphamvu ya nthunzi, ndipo ma boilers otsala akhoza kuikidwa mkati mwa mphindi 30. Komabe, pokhapokha pakakhala moto waukulu kapena chivomezi choopsa, chotsatiridwa ndi moto waukulu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito brine pamalo opopera kapena sitima yozimitsa moto. Ngati moto waukulu umapezeka m'dera lapansi, ma valve amodzi kapena angapo amatha kutsegulidwa kuti apange mapaundi a 214 opanikizika m'dera lapansi, ndipo dongosolo la m'munsi likhoza kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mapaipi kumtunda. Pa inchi imodzi, kapena imatha kulumikizidwa ndi malo osungiramo nsonga ziwiri momwemonso, kuthamanga kwambiri ndi 328 pounds. Pa mainchesi lalikulu m'munsi. Bokosi la alamu yamoto lili mumsewu, kuti ogwira ntchito yoyang'anira moto athe mwachindunji telegraph kwa alonda a akasinja ndi reservoirs. Madzi ang'onoang'ono akakokedwa kudzera pa kugwirizana kwa moto A (mwachitsanzo, madzi ocheperapo kusiyana ndi sprinkler amafunikira), madzi amayenda kudzera pa metered bypass B chifukwa kukana kwa njira iyi kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kukana kwa disc C ya valve valve. . E, kuchuluka kwake kudzalembedwa pa mita ya madzi D. Komabe, pamene kuthamanga kupyolera mu dongosolo kumawonjezeka, kukana kwa njira yodutsamo kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kumakakamiza madzi kupyolera mu valavu ya alamu. Pachifukwa ichi, phokoso la valve mu valavu ya alamu lidzakwera, potero kutsegula doko G mu chubu chaching'ono H. Chipinda cha mpweya J chimayikidwa pa chubu kuti chisamalire nyundo yamadzi ndikuchita ngati chipinda chochepetsera kuti zisawonongeke zabodza. ma alarm. Kenaka, chitoliro cha H chikugwirizana ndi chojambula chojambula chojambula K. Pamene phokoso la valve pa valve ya alamu likubwerera ku mpando wa valve, tambala M amasunga chitoliro chotsekedwa pang'ono L kutulutsa kupanikizika kwa chitoliro H. Choncho, chojambulira amalemba nthawi yomwe madzi amayenda kudzera mu valve ya alamu. Chitoliro chaching'ono N chimatsogozedwa kuchokera ku chitoliro H, ndipo chimalumikizidwa ndi chowotcha dera kapena mota yamadzi. Pamene madzi mu chitoliro N akwera, chowotcha dera kapena galimoto yamadzi idzagwira ntchito, potero imatulutsa alamu yamoto. Monga tanenera kale, dongosololi lili ndi magawo anayi omwe amamangidwa pamtunda wodzazidwa, ndipo gawo lirilonse liri ndi valve yotseguka. Pakachitika chivomezi chachikulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kutseka ma valve otsegukawa. Ngati m'derali muli moto, galimoto yozimitsa moto idzayesa kufufuza m'thanki yamadzi. Izi zikuganiza kuti njira yoperekera madzi am'nyumba yatha. Motowo ukadzazimitsidwa kwina kulikonse mumzindawo, ozimitsa moto omwe achotsedwa pamotowo adzatembenukira ku malo otseguka ndipo adzatsogolera mizere yayitali ya mapaipi kuchokera muzitsulo zozimitsa moto ndi zozimitsa moto pafupi ndi nthaka yolimba. Pofuna kuzimitsa moto m’madera amenewa, mabwato ozimitsa moto amaikidwa m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuti apereke ntchito zoteteza moto, njira yoperekera madzi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ku Camp Sherman ku Circleville, Ohio. Kuwongolera kudzaphatikizapo kuyala magwero owonjezera amagetsi panyumba iliyonse ndikuyimitsa mapaipi oyimirira ndi kuthamanga kwamadzi kwa mapaundi 90.