intoki imbaraga zisanzwe inzira ebyiri amarembo valve

Kugenzura vuba no kuzimya umuriro ukomeye nigikorwa cyiza cyo kurokora ubuzima ishami ry’umuriro rishobora gukora. Kurwanya umuriro neza kandi neza bisaba amazi-rimwe na rimwe amazi menshi-kandi mubaturage benshi, amazi atangwa na hydrants. Muri iki kiganiro, nzagaragaza bimwe mubintu byinshi bibuza gukoresha neza hydrants y’umuriro, gusobanura uburyo bwo gupima neza no gusohora hydrants y’umuriro, kugenzura imikorere rusange y’amazi meza, no gutanga inama ninama nyinshi zafasha ibigo bya moteri mu bihe bikurikira Menya neza ko amazi yizewe mubikorwa bitandukanye. . Mbere ya byose, mu ngingo zose, ndavuga abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bashinzwe gutwara ibikoresho bya moteri (pompe) no gukoresha pompe nk "abashoferi ba moteri" cyangwa "abashoferi" gusa. Mu mashami menshi, uyu muntu yitwa "injeniyeri" cyangwa "ukora pompe", ariko hafi ya byose, aya magambo ni kimwe. Icya kabiri, mugihe muganira kuburyo bukwiye bwo gupima, gusukura no guhuza hydrant yumuriro, nzohereza aya makuru kubushoferi, kuko mubisanzwe arinshingano ze. Icyakora, mu mashami amwe n'amwe, hashyizwe imirongo yatanzwe mu mashanyarazi ya kure y’umuriro mu muriro, hasigara umunyamuryango umwe kugira ngo ahuze kandi yishyure igihe yabitegetse. Kugira ngo wirinde gukomeretsa no kwemeza ko amazi adahagarara, uyu muntu agomba gukurikiza ibizamini bimwe na bimwe byo gutwara. Icya gatatu, inkengero z'umujyi ntizikibasirwa n’ibyaha byo mu mijyi no kwangiza, kandi abaturage bake ntibazahura n’igihombo cy’ingengo y’imari kigira ingaruka kuri serivisi z’ibanze. Ibibazo bimaze igihe kinini bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi yumuriro mubikorwa byumujyi imbere ubu hose. Imikorere ya hydrants yumuriro nkisoko yo gutanga amazi irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: Imiyoboro yamazi ya hydrants yamazi igarukira mubunini no gusaza, bigatuma amazi aboneka hamwe numuvuduko uhamye; Nubwo intego yanjye ari ukwiga ubwoko bwa mbere nubwa gatatu bwibibazo, ngomba gushimangira akamaro k'ubwoko bwa kabiri bwibibazo. Gusobanukirwa ingano yimiyoboro yamazi na / cyangwa ibizamini byikizamini nigice cyingenzi mugutegura impanuka mbere yimikorere no gukora neza kwikigo cya moteri. . umuvuduko wa munsi ya 500 gpm ugomba kugenwa kugirango wirinde Ingorane zikorwa kandi umuriro udahagije wabaye. Byongeye kandi, hakwiye kwitonderwa aho hydrants yumuriro ifite ibintu byihariye bidasanzwe bikurikira: biherereye kumuyoboro wapfuye, bisaba ibikoresho byihariye, birimo nozzle ya santimetero 212 gusa, kandi ntibishobora gukoresha imiyoboro kuko iherereye mubibaya byumwuzure. cyangwa uduce dufite amazi menshi yubutaka. Kurutonde hano ni bimwe mubibazo bikunze kugaragara biterwa no kugenzura no kubungabunga bidakwiye, kubikoresha bitemewe, no kwangiza: Inkoni ikora idashobora gukoreshwa cyangwa ibinyomoro bikora byangiritse cyane kuburyo imiyoboro y’umuriro idashobora gukoreshwa; Mu baturage benshi, ishami ry’amazi ryaho risuzuma buri gihe kandi rikabungabunga hydrants. Ibi ntibisonera ishami ry’umuriro kwisuzuma ubwaryo kugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere isanzwe y’umuriro. Abakozi ba sosiyete ya moteri bagomba kugenzura buri gihe hydrant yumuriro aho basubije bakuramo ingofero muri nozzle nini (bakunze kwita "umuhuza wamazi") hanyuma bagahanagura neza ingunguru kugirango bakureho imyanda. Kora ibizamini nkibi mugihe cyo gutabaza, imyitozo, nibindi bikorwa byo hanze kugirango ube akamenyero. Witondere byumwihariko hydrants hydrants idafite igifuniko; ibice bishobora kuba byarashyizwe muri barriel. Koza amashanyarazi mashya yashizwemo neza kugirango wirinde amabuye yafatiwe mu muyoboro munini na riser yangiza pompe nibikoresho. Ibikurikira ningingo zimwe zingenzi zerekeranye nuburyo bwumutekano bwo kugerageza no gusohora hydrants yumuriro. Ubwa mbere, kuri hydrant yumuriro hamwe nurupfundikizo neza, menya neza niba ugomba kureba niba hydrant yumuriro ifunze mbere yo kugerageza gukuramo umupfundikizo. Icya kabiri, kura ingofero kuri nozzle nini kuri hydrant yumuriro hanyuma unyure mu gufungura kugirango umenye neza ko imyanda yose yashizwemo ikuweho. Icya gatatu, birashobora kuba ngombwa gukaza ibindi bipfundikizo kugirango wirinde kumeneka, cyangwa icy'ingenzi, kugirango wirinde igifuniko guturika bikabije mugihe umuriro w’umuriro ufunguye. Icya kane, burigihe uhagarare inyuma yumuriro wumuriro mugihe utemba. Biragaragara, guhagarara imbere cyangwa kuruhande rwawe birashoboka cyane ko utose; ariko impamvu yingenzi yo guhagarara inyuma yumuriro wumuriro nuko urutare nuducupa twafatiwe mumashanyarazi ya hydrant barrele cyangwa riser bizahatirwa kumuvuduko mwinshi Binyuze mumutwe, bihinduka igisasu giteye akaga. Byongeye, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, igifuniko gishobora guturika, bigatera igikomere. Indi ngingo y'ingenzi ijyanye nurwego rugomba gukingurwa kugirango ikore neza umuriro. Nabonye ko umushoferi yakinguye umuriro w’umuriro inshuro nyinshi, bituma amazi atembera mu zuru ridafunze ku gitutu kinini. Uyu muvuduko mwinshi urashobora gusunika amabati ya aluminiyumu, ibirahuri hamwe nuducupa twa plastike, bipfunyika bombo ya selile, hamwe nindi myanda iri hejuru yurwego rwa nozzle kandi ikabarinda gusohoka muri barriel. Hanyuma umushoferi yafunze hydrant yumuriro, ahuza umuyoboro woguswera, yongera gufungura hydrant yumuriro, yuzuza pompe yamazi. Mu buryo butunguranye, mubisanzwe nkumukono wambere winjira mukarere k’umuriro - amazi azashira mugihe imyanda idakarabye yinjiye kumurongo. Umurongo wibitero wacitse intege, bituma abakozi ba nozzle bahindura byihuse icyerekezo; iyo umuvuduko wo gufata wagabanutse kuri zeru, umushoferi yahise agira ubwoba. Tekinike nziza yo gukaraba ikubiyemo gufungura umuriro wumuriro inshuro nke, gutegereza umwanya muto, hanyuma ugafunga hydrant yumuriro kugeza amazi asohotse yuzuza hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya nozzle (reba ishusho kurupapuro rwa 64). Kwangiza ubwabyo birashobora guhagarika igice cyangwa burundu hydrants yumuriro. Nkunze guhura na hydrants yumuriro ufite ingofero zabuze, insinga zabuze (cyane cyane kuri nozzles ya santimetero 212), kubura imipira ya valve cyangwa bolts kuri flanges itandukana, utubuto dukora twashaje bitewe no gukoresha utabifitiye uburenganzira, nibyiza gusa kuruta amakaramu Diameter nini nini gato , ingofero yaracitse, ingunguru irakonja kubera gukoresha mu buryo butemewe mu gihe cy'itumba, hydrant yumuriro irarengerwa nkana, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ikazimira burundu. Ingamba zafashwe zo kurwanya kwangiza. Mu mujyi wa New York, ubwoko bune bwingenzi bwibikoresho byangiza byashyizwe kumashanyarazi. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho gisaba umugozi wihariye cyangwa igikoresho cyo gukora, bikarushaho kugora akazi ka shoferi. Mubihe byinshi, hari ibikoresho bibiri kumuriro umwe hydrant-igikoresho kimwe gikoreshwa kugirango wirinde igifuniko kuvanwaho, naho igikoresho cya kabiri gikoreshwa mukurinda ibinyomoro bikora bidakoreshejwe. Mu baturage benshi, ibikoresho byonyine bikenewe mu gushyira umuriro w’umuriro muri serivisi ni umuyoboro w’umuriro w’umuriro hamwe na adapt imwe cyangwa ebyiri (ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bifatanye na adaptor ya Storz, imipira y’umupira cyangwa indiba, hamwe n’inzira enye z’umuriro ni zo zikunze kugaragara cyane ). Ariko mu mujyi rwagati, aho kwangiza kwinshi no gufata neza umuriro w’amashanyarazi bikemangwa, ibindi bikoresho byinshi birashobora gukenerwa. Isosiyete yanjye ya moteri muri Bronx itwara ubwoko 14 - yego, imiyoboro 14 itandukanye, igifuniko, amacomeka, adapteri, nibindi bikoresho, kugirango mbone amazi ava mumashanyarazi. Ibi ntabwo bikubiyemo ubunini nubwoko butandukanye bwo guswera no gutanga amasoko asabwa kugirango uhuze. Mubisanzwe, isosiyete imwe ya moteri ikora yigenga cyangwa ibigo bibiri cyangwa byinshi bya moteri ikora mubufatanye ishyiraho amazi ava mumashanyarazi. Isosiyete imwe ya moteri irashobora gukoresha bumwe muburyo bubiri busanzwe bwo gushiraho imiyoboro-igororotse cyangwa igashyira imbere hanyuma igashyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amazi ava mumashanyarazi. Muburyo bugororotse cyangwa imbere (rimwe na rimwe byitwa "hydrant to fire" gushira cyangwa "tandem" gutanga ibikoresho), ibikoresho bya moteri bihagarikwa kumuriro wumuriro imbere yinyubako yumuriro. Umunyamuryango umwe yaramanutse akuramo ama shitingi ahagije kugirango "afunge" hydrant yumuriro, mugihe yakuyeho ibikenewe nibikoresho. Abakozi ba "fire hydrant" nibamara gutanga ikimenyetso, umushoferi wa moteri azajya munzu yumuriro hamwe numurimo wo gutanga amazi. Abanyamuryango basigaye muri hydrant yumuriro noneho basukamo hydrant yumuriro, bahuza hose, kandi bishyuza umurongo utanga ukurikije itegeko rya shoferi. Ubu buryo burazwi cyane kuko butuma ibikoresho bya moteri bishyirwa hafi yinyubako yumuriro kandi bikemerera gukoresha imiyoboro yabanje guhuza hamwe nu miyoboro ya palitike. Ariko, ifite ibibi byinshi. Ikibi cya mbere ni uko umunyamuryango umwe aguma kuri hydrant yumuriro, bikagabanya umubare wabantu bari munzu yumuriro kugirango bakoreshe ikiganza cya mbere. Ikibazo cya kabiri ni uko niba intera iri hagati yumuriro wumuriro urengeje metero 500, gutakaza umuvuduko wibikoresho bitanga amazi bizagabanya cyane amazi agera kuri pompe. Amashami menshi yemera ko imirongo ibiri ya santimetero 212 cyangwa 3-ishobora kwemerera amazi meza gutemba; ariko mubisanzwe, igice gito cyamazi aboneka gikoreshwa neza. Umuyoboro munini wa diameter [(LDH) santimetero 312 na nini] urashobora gukoresha neza hydrants yumuriro; ariko kandi izana bimwe mubibazo byaganiriweho mu bika bibiri bikurikira. Indi mbogamizi yimiterere yimbere ni uko ibikoresho bya moteri byegereye inyubako yumuriro, kandi ibikoresho bya lift ntibishobora kugera kumwanya mwiza. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kurwego rwa kabiri rukuze rwurwego, rusanzwe rwitwara muburyo butandukanye na moteri yambere-ikuze. Umuhanda ufunganye ukuza ikibazo. Niba ibikoresho bya moteri ubwabyo bitagaragaye ko ari inzitizi, noneho amashanyarazi yo kuryama aryamye kumuhanda birashoboka cyane. LDH yishyuzwa izatera inzitizi zikomeye kubikoresho bya Ladder Company ikurikira. LDH itishyuye irashobora kandi gutera ibibazo. Vuba aha, inkongi y'umuriro yibasiye amaduka menshi mu kirwa cya Long Island, muri New York, maze urwego rw'umunara rugerageza gutwara hejuru y'umugozi wumye wa santimetero 5 zashyizweho na moteri yarangiye mbere. Ihuriro ryafatiwe ku nkombe y’uruziga rw’inyuma, kuvunika ukuguru kw’umuriro kuri hydrant yumuriro, bigatuma umurongo utanga udakoreshwa. Inyandiko yinyongera kubyerekeye ibikoresho byurwego hamwe numurongo utanga: menya neza ko uwica urubozo hamwe nuwasohoka atamanurwa atabishaka kuri hose, bityo bigatuma clamp ikora neza. Muburyo bunyuranye cyangwa "umuriro-ku-mazi", ibikoresho bya moteri byabanje guhagarara munzu yumuriro. Niba abanyamuryango babonye umuriro usaba gukoresha imashini, bazavanaho ingofero zihagije zifite amajwi yoherezwa mu nyubako y’umuriro no hafi yayo. Mu nyubako z'amagorofa menshi, ni ngombwa kuvanaho ama shitingi ahagije kugirango ugere aho umuriro utiriwe "ugabanya". Dukurikije ibimenyetso byatanzwe n'umukozi wa nozzle, umuyobozi cyangwa undi munyamuryango wabigenewe, umushoferi yagiye kuri hydrant ikurikira, akayipima, akayisukura, kandi agahuza amashanyarazi. Niba umunyamuryango ahuye numuriro ukomeye, barashobora "gushyira hasi" icyuma cya kabiri munzu yumuriro kugirango ikoreshwe nindi sosiyete ikora moteri cyangwa bagashyiraho imiyoboro minini ya diameter kugirango batange imiyoboro yinjira cyangwa ingazi. Ishami ry’umuriro wa New York (NY) hafi ya yose ikoresha uburyo bwo gusubiza inyuma (byitwa "post-kurambura" muri make). Ibyiza byo gushira inyuma harimo gusiga imbere n'impande zinyubako yumuriro kugirango ushyire ibikoresho byikigo cyurwego; gukoresha neza abakozi kuko umushoferi ashobora gukora hydrant ihuza umuriro ukwayo; gukoresha neza amazi aboneka kuko moteri iri mumashanyarazi. Imwe mu mbogamizi zuburyo butandukanye ni uko ibikoresho byose byingenzi bishingiye ku bikoresho bivanwa mu bubiko bwa tactique keretse iyo hydrant yumuriro ibaye hafi yinyubako yumuriro. Indi mbogamizi ni uko hashobora kubaho uburyo burebure bwo gushiraho no gukenera umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusohora pompe, ushobora kuneshwa no "kuzuza" umuyoboro uwo ari wo wose wa 134 cyangwa 2 na santimetero 212 kugirango ugabanye igihombo. Ubu buryo kandi butuma uburyo bwo guhagarika 134-santimetero cyangwa 2-santimetero 2 hanyuma ugakoresha ikiganza kinini mugihe ibintu byifashe nabi kandi bisaba gukoreshwa. Guhuza inyenyeri yugarijwe cyangwa "umujura wamazi" kuri hose ya santimetero 212 bitanga ihinduka ryinshi. Muri FDNY, uburebure bwa metero esheshatu (metero 300) za santimetero 134 zemerewe kugumya umuvuduko wo gusohora pompe (PDP) muburyo butekanye kandi bwumvikana. Ibigo byinshi bitwara uburebure bune gusa, bikagabanya PDP isabwa. Iyindi mbogamizi yo gusubiza inyuma ni uko mubisanzwe idashobora gukoresha intoki zahujwe mbere. Nubwo ibi ari ukuri, kandi mbere-ihuza ryemerera kohereza imirongo yihuse, ishami ry’umuriro ryarabishingikirije cyane, kandi muri iki gihe abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bake bashobora kugereranya neza urugero rw'imirongo y'intoki. Ikibazo kinini nimirongo ibanziriza guhuza irashobora kuba "ubunini bumwe buhuye na bose". Iyo umuyoboro utari muremure bihagije, ibi birashobora gutera gutinda cyane kuvomera umuriro. Keretse niba imyiteguro ikozwe mbere yo kwagura imiyoboro yabanje guhuzwa-ibi mubisanzwe bigerwaho hifashishijwe inyenyeri zifunze hamwe na manifold-umuriro urashobora kuva vuba. Kurundi ruhande, rimwe na rimwe umurongo wabanjirije guhuza ni muremure cyane. Mu muriro uherutse, moteri ya mbere yari iherereye imbere y’inyubako y’umuriro, kandi hakenewe metero zigera kuri 100 za hose kugira ngo igere aho umuriro kandi ikingire neza urugo rw’umuryango umwe. Kubwamahirwe, imiyoboro ibiri yabanje guhuzwa ikorerwa muburiri bwambukiranya hose yari ifite metero 200 z'uburebure. Kinkingi ikabije yateje amazi menshi, bihagije kugirango itsinda rya nozzle rive mumuriro. Ahari inzira nziza nugukoresha ibikoresho bya moteri byose hamwe na hose umutwaro, bikemerera kugororoka no guhindukira. Ubu buryo butanga urwego rwohejuru rwo guhinduka mugihe uhitamo hydrant no gushyira ibikoresho. Kugeza nko mu myaka ya za 1950, amasosiyete menshi ya moteri yari "ibice bibiri", bigizwe nimodoka ya hose ifite ama shitingi, fitingi, na nozzles, na moteri ifite pompe nicyambu. Igare rya hose rizaba riri hafi yinyubako yumuriro kugirango byorohereze kugabanya uburebure bwumugozi ukurura kandi bitange ikiguzi cyo gukoresha "umuyoboro wimodoka". Moteri izatanga amazi ava mumashanyarazi yumuriro. No muri iki gihe, pompe eshatu zikoreshwa hafi ya zose, kandi uburyo bwinshi bwo gutanga amazi bushinzwe ishami ry’umuriro busaba ko moteri ya mbere yashyirwaho hafi y’inyubako y’umuriro, keretse iyo hydrant yumuriro iri hafi, moteri ya kabiri ihujwe n’amazi y’umuriro kandi itanga iyambere. . Inyungu nyamukuru yo gukoresha ibigo bibiri bya moteri mukubaka sisitemu yo gutanga amazi nugushira moteri yambere hafi yinyubako yumuriro kugirango ikoreshwe byihuse ibyuma byabanjirije. Kubera ko amashami menshi yumuriro afite urwego rwo hasi rwabakozi, uburebure bwumurongo wamaboko bugomba kuba bugufi bushoboka. Byongeye kandi, kubera intera ndende yo gusubiza, ibikorwa byinshi byibasiwe numuriro bitangirana namazi ya tanker kugeza moteri ya kabiri ikwiye kugera kugirango itange amazi meza. Ibyiza byubu buryo hejuru yuburyo bugororotse cyangwa imbere ni uko iyo intera ya hydrant irenze metero 500, moteri ya kabiri irashobora kugeza amazi kuri moteri ya mbere kandi ikanesha imbogamizi zose ziterwa no gutakaza umurongo. Gukoresha amabati manini-kalibiri kurushaho kunoza imikorere yibikorwa byo gutanga amazi. Iyo ubutumburuke bwinyubako irwanya umuriro burenze hejuru yumuriro wumuriro kandi umuvuduko uhagaze ni ntege, ubu buryo nabwo buzagaragaza ko ari bwiza ahantu h'imisozi miremire. Ibindi bihe bishobora gusaba ubufatanye bwamasosiyete abiri ya moteri mugushiraho amazi meza nuburyo bukurikira: Uburyo nyabwo bwakoreshejwe namasosiyete abiri ya moteri mugushiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amazi bizaterwa nuburyo umuhanda umeze, ibikenerwa n’amasosiyete yinjira mu muriro inyubako, hamwe nicyerekezo cyo gusubiza buri moteri. Amahitamo akurikira arahari: moteri ya kabiri-irashobora gufata umurongo wo gutanga wafunzwe kuri hydrant yumuriro na moteri ya mbere ikoresha, guhuza no kwishyuza; moteri ya kabiri yarangiye irashobora kunyura muri iyambere igashyirwa mumashanyarazi; icya kabiri moteri yarangiye irashobora gusubizwa moteri yambere kumuhanda igashyirwa mumashanyarazi; cyangwa niba umwanya nintera byemewe, umurongo wo gutanga urashobora kuramburwa nintoki. Ingaruka nini yo gukoresha amasosiyete abiri ya moteri mugushiraho amazi ahoraho aturuka kumurongo umwe nuko bihwanye no gushyira amagi yose yatanzwe mumazi mugiseke kimwe. Mugihe habaye kunanirwa kwa mashini, guhagarika umurongo woguswera cyangwa kunanirwa kwamazi yumuriro, ntihazongera kubaho amazi mugihe ibigo bya moteri kugiti cyabyo bikosora hydrants yumuriro. Icyifuzo cyanjye nuko niba moteri ya gatatu mubusanzwe idashizwe kumurongo wumuriro wubaka, nyamuneka ubisabe vuba bishoboka. Moteri ya gatatu igomba kuba iri murindi hydrant yumuriro hafi yinyubako yumuriro, kandi ikaba yiteguye kohereza vuba imashini cyangwa gutanga imirongo yihutirwa nkuko bikenewe. Ntakibazo cyakoreshwa muburyo bwo gutanga amazi, mugihe cyose hydrant yumuriro iherereye hafi yinyubako yumuriro, igomba kwitabwaho. Ibi mubisanzwe bivanaho gukenera moteri ya kabiri kugirango moteri ya mbere ihindurwe kandi itange umwanya kugirango moteri ya kabiri ibone hydrant yumuriro, bityo itange amazi menshi. Ni ngombwa ko mbere yo gukoresha hydrant yawe yumuriro wawe, moteri ya kabiri irangiye igomba kumenya neza ko hydrant ya mbere irangiye ifite hydrant "nziza" kandi ntiziruka hejuru idafite amazi ahoraho. Itumanaho hagati y'abayobozi ba sosiyete ya moteri na / cyangwa abashoferi ni ngombwa. Hydrant yumuriro watoranijwe nisosiyete ikunda moteri igomba kuba yegereye ibishoboka byose inyubako yumuriro, ariko ntibibe hafi cyane, kugirango bidashyira umushoferi nicyuma cyo gucukura. Kumuriro wambere ugezeyo, gukoresha imiyoboro ya palitike birashobora kwerekana akamaro; icyakora, ingano ishobora kuba yaguye hamwe nibibazo byubushyuhe bigomba gusuzumwa. Ibindi byago birimo umwotsi mwinshi hamwe nikirahure kigwa, bishobora gutera ibikomere bikomeye no guca amacupa. Mu muriro mwinshi, nta kaga ko gusenyuka n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Kubwibyo rero, icyatekerejweho gusa muguhitamo hydrant yumuriro numubare wamazu asabwa kugirango ugere kumuriro kandi hakenewe ibikoresho bya lift kugirango byinjire mumuriro neza. Iyo imihanda ifunganye cyangwa yuzuyemo imodoka ziparitse, umwanya wa sosiyete ikora moteri irashobora gutera ikibazo. Nigute umushoferi wa moteri ashobora kurinda ibikoresho bye kutegereza ibikoresho byurwego kandi agakomeza gufasha gushyira vuba vuba kandi neza mumuriro? Igisubizo cyiki kibazo kirimo ibitekerezo bibiri bifitanye isano-icyambu cyihariye cyo gukuramo pompe igomba gukoreshwa hamwe nuburebure nubwoko bwokunywa (hose) burahari. Moteri nyinshi zigezweho zifite ibikoresho byimbere. Igice cya "koroshya byoroshye" mubisanzwe byabanje guhuzwa kugirango bikoreshe ako kanya. . Mu mihanda ifunganye, gukoresha ibiyobora imbere bisaba umushoferi wa moteri kwinjiza ibikoresho "izuru" mumashanyarazi, guhagarika umuhanda no kwangiza ibikoresho bigera nyuma. Mugihe kigufi cyambukiranya igice cyoroshye cyo guswera hose, nikibazo kinini. Keretse niba moteri iri mumwanya mwiza, uburebure buke bwamavuta yo guswera nayo afite kinks, ntibishoboka. Umushoferi agomba kuba yiteguye gukoresha icyambu icyo aricyo cyose ku gikoresho cye akurikije ubunini bw'amahitamo ashoboka. Amapompe yagereranijwe kuri 1.000 gpm no hejuru yayo afite ibyambu binini (nyamukuru) byokunywa hamwe na enterineti yinjizwamo santimetero 212 cyangwa 3 kuruhande. Kunywa kuruhande ni byiza kuko byemerera ibikoresho bya moteri guhagarara kuburinganire kuruhande rwumuriro wumuriro, bigatuma umuhanda ugaragara neza. Niba igice-gikomeye cyo guswera gikoreshwa aho gukoreshwa byoroshye, kinking ntabwo bizaba ikibazo. Niba udafite icyuma gikonjesha igice, tekereza gupfunyika amashanyarazi yoroshye inyuma yumuriro wumuriro kugirango ugabanye kink. Amashanyarazi yoroshye agomba kuba maremare bihagije kugirango yemere ibi. Ikindi gitekerezwaho mugihe ukoresheje uruhande rwo guswera ni uko icyambu cyo guswera kuruhande kitakinguwe. Nibura inshuro ebyiri mugihe nagerageje gukingura imbere yumuryango winjira imbere, mugihe nahinduye uruziga rugenzura kumwanya wa pompe, inkoni ihambiriye hagati y irembo ninziga yo kugenzura yararekuye, bituma guswera imbere bidakoreshwa. Kubwamahirwe, ibi bintu ntabwo byigeze bibaho mubihe bikomeye. Ntukirengagize amarembo yinjira; zirashobora kuba iyagaciro cyane mugihe urubura, imodoka, hamwe numwanda uhagarika hydrants yumuriro, bikabuza gukoresha imiyoboro yoroshye cyangwa igice cyoroshye. Muri ibi bihe, "insinga iguruka" ifite uburebure bwa metero 50 irashobora gutwarwa, igizwe na hose ya santimetero 3 cyangwa irenga, kugirango ifashe kugera kumuriro. Iyo ibibazo byumuvuduko bivutse, nkuko bikunze kugaragara mumuriro munini, amasosiyete menshi ya moteri yo gutabaza agomba guhuza igice cyumuti wogosha cyane hamwe numuriro wumuriro kugirango bikureho ibyago byo guswera byoroshye cyangwa igice gikomeye. Usibye gukoresha imiyoboro ihuza ibyuka, tekereza guhuza umupira wumupira cyangwa irembo ryumuriro na 212-yumuriro wa hydrant nozzle. Urashobora noneho guhuza amashanyarazi yo gutanga amazi kumuryango winjira kugirango utange ubushobozi bwinyongera, bushobora kuza mugihe habaye umuriro mumyubakire yubusa, inyubako zimbaho ​​zihujwe cyangwa zegeranye cyane, hamwe n’ahantu hanini "abasoreshwa". Mu bice bifite agaciro kanini aho hydrants iri hafi, moteri imwe irashobora guhuzwa na hydrants ebyiri. Imijyi imwe n'imwe iracyafite uburyo bwo gutanga amazi yumuvuduko ukabije, ushobora kwemerera moteri ebyiri gusangira umuriro. Mu gihe c'itumba, tekereza gutwikira ibice byose byoguswera hamwe na aluminiyumu kugirango wirinde urubura nubukonje, bishobora gufunga hose cyangwa kubuza ingingo za swivel zumugore kuzunguruka mu bwisanzure. Umushoferi mukuru wa sosiyete ya moteri ya FDNY 48 yahimbye ijambo "iminota ibiri yiterabwoba" ubwo yasobanuriraga uburambe bwiminota ibiri yambere yumushoferi wa mbere wa moteri ahabereye umuriro. Mu minota ibiri (cyangwa irenga), umushoferi agomba gushyira ibikoresho bya moteri hafi yumuriro wumuriro, akihutira kugerageza no gusohora hydrant yumuriro, guhuza amashanyarazi, gushiramo amazi muri pompe, no guhuza ikiganza numuryango usohoka (cyangwa menya neza ko igitanda cyahujwe cyavanyweho muri hose), kandi pompe irasezerana. Twizere ko iyi mirimo yose irangiye mbere yuko umupolisi ahamagara amazi. Nkumushoferi, izina rimwe utigera ushaka ni "Sahara". Niba iyi idafite inshingano zihagije, noneho iminota ibiri yasobanuwe haruguru irateye ubwoba kurushaho mumujyi wimbere, kuko hariho ibibazo bine byingenzi kugirango tubone ibisubizo: 3. Niba umuriro wumuriro ugororotse kandi ugororotse, amazi azatemba mugihe cyizamini, cyangwa izacika cyangwa ikonje? 4. Niba umuriro wumuriro ukora neza, igifuniko gishobora gukurwaho mugihe gikwiye kugirango uhuze amashanyarazi? Kugirango usobanukirwe neza ingorane zahuye n’amazi y’umuriro ahantu harangiritse cyane n'impamvu ibyo bibazo bine ari ingenzi cyane, suzuma ibintu bitatu bikurikira. Umushoferi wa sosiyete ikora moteri ya South Bronx y'Amajyepfo yabyitwayemo mbere kubera umuriro mu nzu y'akazi. Amaze guhagarara imbere y’inyubako y’umuriro kugirango yemere ko ikiganza cyongerwa, yakomeje kubona umuriro w’umuriro kuri bariyeri. "Fire hydrant" ya mbere yasanze mubyukuri atari hydrant yumuriro, ahubwo indobo yo hepfo yasohotse hasi-hydrant yumuriro ubwayo yari yagiye rwose! Yakomeje gushakisha, hydrant yumuriro yasanze aryamye kuruhande. Amaherezo, yabonye hydrant yumuriro ugororotse, hafi ya bice nigice uvuye ku nyubako yumuriro; ku bw'amahirwe, byagaragaye ko ikora. Abandi bo muri sosiyete ye bitotombeye iminsi itari mike bavuga ko bagomba kumara no gupakira amashanyarazi, ariko umushoferi akora akazi ke kandi atanga amazi ahoraho mugihe bahuye nibibazo bikomeye. Igihe umushoferi mukuru waturutse mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Bronx yahageraga, yabonye umuriro ukabije ku idirishya rya mbere ry’inzu yigenga. Hano hari umuhanda wumuriro kumuhanda hafi, bisa nkuwihuta kandi byoroshye guhuza. Ariko isura irashobora kubeshya. Umushoferi yashyize umugozi ku mbuto ikora arakingura na lever, maze hydrant yose yumuriro igwa kuruhande rumwe! Ariko mbere yo kwerekeza ku cyuma gikurikira cy’umuriro, yamenyesheje abayobozi be abinyujije kuri radiyo igendanwa ko hazatinda gutanga amazi (kandi abimenyesha isosiyete ikora moteri yagombaga kunshuro ya kabiri, mu gihe bikenewe ubufasha). Usibye kumenyekanisha gutinda cyangwa ibindi bibazo, mugihe amazi yo mu kigega cyotswa igitutu ahabwa umukandara wintoki, abayobozi cyangwa itsinda rya nozzle bagomba kubimenya. Amazi meza amaze kuboneka, aya makuru agomba no kumenyeshwa abayobozi nitsinda rya nozzle kugirango bahindure ingamba zabo. Hariho indi ngingo: abashoferi beza burigihe bagumana ikigega cyuzuye cya booster mugihe gikora, nkigipimo cyumutekano, mugihe hydrant yumuriro ibuze amazi. Nzatanga urugero rwihariye rwo kwerekana ingorane zikunze kugaragara mugihe ugerageza gukuramo igifuniko kinini mumashanyarazi ya hydrant steamer. Kubera ko igikoresho cyo kurwanya ibyangiritse hamwe nigifuniko cyafashwe cyangwa kigakonjeshwa ahantu, abashoferi ba societe yacu bakunze gukoresha umuhoro kugirango bakubite buri gipfukisho, bakoresheje inkoni nyinshi. Gukubita ingofero murubu buryo bizanyanyagiza imyanda yafatiwe mumutwe, kandi mubisanzwe birashobora gukurwaho byoroshye. Amezi make ashize, nahawe inshingano yo gufungura sosiyete ikora moteri muri Upper Manhattan. Ahagana mu ma saa kumi nimwe nigice za mugitondo, kubera umuriro wabereye munzu yimiryango myinshi, nyuma waje kugaragara ko ari umuriro wica, twoherejwe mbere. Kubera akamenyero, nashyize maul y'ibiro 8 mugitangira urugendo ahantu hamenyerewe kuruganda, mugihe mbikeneye. Nibyo rwose, umupfundikizo wa hydrant yumuriro nahisemo wasabye gukomanga inshuro nyinshi kugirango ukureho umupfundikizo. Niba gukubita inshuro nyinshi ukoresheje umuhoro (cyangwa inyuma yishoka, niba nta muhigo uhari) ntukureho igifuniko gihagije kugirango wemererwe kuvanwaho, urashobora kunyerera igice cyumuyoboro unyuze mumaboko yumuriro wumuriro kugirango ubone imbaraga nyinshi. Ntabwo nsaba ko nabonye umugozi wunamye kandi ucika mukanda ku ntoki ubwacyo. Gukoresha neza hydrants yumuriro bisaba ubushishozi, imyitozo no gutekereza vuba aha umuriro. Ibikoresho bya moteri bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho kugirango bitange ibibazo byihutirwa byo gutanga amazi, kandi abashoferi bagomba kuba bafite amaradiyo yimuka kugirango bateze imbere itumanaho. Hano hari ibitabo byinshi byiza kubikorwa bya moteri nuburyo bwo gutanga amazi; nyamuneka ubaganirize kubindi bisobanuro kuri hose byaganiriweho muriyi ngingo hamwe nizindi ngingo zijyanye.