Uburusiya busanzwe ductile icyuma amarembo valve pn16

Sisitemu yo gutanga amazi yumuvuduko ukabije-ubwoko bumwe bwa hydrant yumuriro mwinshi utanga amazi arenze amakamyo atatu yumuriro-ikigega cyamazi arwanya umuriro gikoreshwa nkikigega cyamazi cyimbere mugihe ntamashanyarazi yaboneka San Francisco afite sisitemu yo gutanga amazi yingirakamaro ikoreshwa mukurinda umuriro gusa. Igizwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza yuzuyemo amazi meza y’umuvuduko mwinshi, igaburirwa nuburemere buva mu kigega cy’amazi n’ikigega kinini cyo kubika amazi, kandi igahuzwa na sitasiyo ebyiri zipompa ku nkombe z’inyanja, zishobora kuvoma amazi yumunyu mu buryo butaziguye. Sisitemu. Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza igizwe numuyoboro utwika uturere twubatswe cyane mumujyi kandi utanga uburinzi bwumuriro kubuso bwa kilometero kare 9/2. Mu rwego rwo kurinda ibyobo no kuzuza uduce n’ibyambu mu turere two ku nkombe, hubatswe amato abiri yo kuzimya umuriro. Aya mato arashobora guhuzwa na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza binyuze mubice bibiri byashyizwe ahantu heza, bigatuma amato avoma amazi yinyanja kuva mukigobe muri sisitemu yo kugabura. Ibigega by'amazi 141 byo kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro byubatswe ahantu hatandukanye mu mujyi, ndetse no ku mihanda yo hanze y’akarere kegeranye na sisitemu y'umuyoboro mwinshi. Ibigega byamazi bigomba kubikwa byuzuye amazi meza kandi bigakoreshwa nta hydrants yumuriro. Sisitemu yo gutanga amazi kubikorwa byo murugo, idashingiye rwose kuri sisitemu yasobanuwe muri iyi ngingo, ihujwe n’amazi y’umuriro muke mu mujyi, bityo bikarinda umutekano ahantu henshi. Sisitemu yo gutabaza ya lira yashyizweho hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga amazi yingoboka, kandi hashyizweho sitasiyo yo gutabaza umuriro. Imirimo yo gutanga amazi yingoboka yatangiye mu 1909 ikarangira mu mpera za 1913 iyobowe numu injeniyeri wumujyi MM O'Shaughnessy. Igiciro cyose cya sisitemu ni $ 5.756.000, kandi irashobora kuzigama amafaranga yubwishingizi buri mwaka. Amafaranga arenga $ 1.400.000. Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza igizwe n'ibirometero 74.5 by'imiyoboro y'icyuma. Umuyoboro ahanini wujuje ibisobanuro by’ishyirahamwe ry’amazi mu Bwongereza kandi ryageragejwe mu ruganda. Iyo ugerageza umuyoboro, kuri buri cyerekezo kigororotse gipimirwa ku ruziga rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro, litiro imwe y'amazi yamenetse buri masaha 24. Ubunini bw'umuyoboro buva kuri santimetero 20 z'umurambararo kugeza kuri santimetero 8, hamwe n'impuzandengo ya santimetero 14. Umuyoboro wa santimetero 8 ukoreshwa gusa ku nsinga kuva kumuhanda munini kugeza hydrant yumuriro. Usibye mu turere tumwe na tumwe (umubare ni bane), imiyoboro yose ni imeze nk'inzogera n'imiyoboro. Imiyoboro imwe nimwe yashyizwe hasi yuzuye kugirango igire uruhare runini mu ngingo mugihe habaye umutingito cyangwa umutingito. Uruhare rwa. Umuyoboro wubatswe kabiri wubatswe muri utwo turere, waciwe ku muyoboro uri ku butaka bukomeye na valve ifunze. Imwe mu mibande yari ifunguye hafi y’umuriro, bituma abantu bagera muri ako gace. Kubera ko San Francisco yubatswe ahanini ku ruhererekane rw'imisozi, kugira ngo harebwe itandukaniro ry'uburebure, abantu basanze ari ngombwa kugabanya sisitemu mu bice bibiri, bita "agace ko hejuru" n "" agace ko hasi ". Agace ko hejuru nigice kiri hejuru ya metero 150 z'uburebure, naho igice cyo hepfo nigice kiri munsi ya metero 150 z'uburebure. Umuyoboro ufunze mu gice cyo hejuru uciwe mu gice cyo hasi. Buri gace gatangwa binyuze mubigega bitandukanye. Ikigega kinini, cyitwa Ikigega cya Shuangfeng, cyashyizwe hejuru kandi gihuza ibigega byo kubikamo mu gice cyo hejuru, mu gice cyo hepfo no mu gice cyo hejuru binyuze mu muyoboro wo hejuru ugana ku kigega. Iyi miyoboro isanzwe inyura mumibande ifunze. Zimya. Niba hari umuriro munini, cyangwa umuvuduko ukenewe numuriro uruta umuvuduko utangwa nuburebure bwikigega cya lisansi, urashobora gufungura. Iyo imiyoboro yambukiranya umuhanda, hashyirwaho indangagaciro enye, imwe kuri buri muyoboro wumutungo, kugirango umuhanda uwo ariwo wose ushobora gucibwa mubindi bice bya sisitemu mugihe habaye ikibazo. Muri sisitemu harimo 907 yumuriro wumuriro, kandi buri hydrant yumuriro ifite ibibanza 3 bifite diametero ya santimetero 3/2, muribyo bicuruzwa bibiri bigabanuka kugeza kuri santimetero 3. Impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyumuriro mugice cyo hejuru ni pound 130. Kuri santimetero kare, ibiro 143 mu gice cyo hasi. Kuri santimetero kare. Umuyoboro ni parike isa na disiki itazamuka, umurongo wumuringa, na diameter ifite santimetero 2 kurenza iyindi mibumbe ifite ubunini burenze santimetero 10. Ibyuma bya santimetero 16 na 18 bya santimetero 18 bifite uburebure bwa 3 na santimetero 4 bypass, kandi birashobora gushyirwa mu buryo buhagaritse cyangwa butambitse. Ingofero na bypass valve isabwa kumwanya utambitse iratandukanye niyumwanya uhagaze. Shira indangagaciro zifite umurambararo wa santimetero zirenga 10 muri maneko zometseho ibyuma, shyira munsi ya santimetero 8 na santimetero 10 munsi yubutaka, aho indanga ya santimetero 8 zifite ibyuma 6 bya santimetero 6, naho inomero ya santimetero 10 ni cones ya Riser. Hano hari ikigega cyo kubikamo gifite ubushobozi bwa litiro 10,000.000 kuri Twin Peaks. Amazi afite uburebure bwa metero 758. Ifite ishusho ya ova ifite umurongo wa metero 375 na metero 280. Umusozi wo ku mpande ni ebyiri mu cyerekezo gitambitse kandi kimwe mu cyerekezo gihagaritse, naho ubujyakuzimu bw'amazi ni metero 25. Impande no hepfo byometseho ibyuma bisobekeranye, kandi hariho kwaguka hagati ya buri cyapa. Igabanijwemo ibice bibiri bingana nurukuta rwa beto rukomeye, hamwe n'inkunga ikomeye kuri buri ruhande. Buri kigobe gifite ikiganza cyigenga cyimbere. Imirongo ibiri yimbere ihujwe numuyoboro wa santimetero 20 hamwe n irembo kuri buri mpera. Ibyumba bibiri byo gufunga byahujwe n'umuyoboro wa santimetero 20, hamwe na valve y'irembo kuri buri mpera. Buri cyumba gifite umuyoboro wa santimetero 20 uva mu muyoboro ugana ikigega cyo hejuru cyo kubika hamwe n'akarere. Ariko, baraciwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza na valve zifunga muriyi miyoboro ya santimetero 20 kandi zifungura gusa mubihe byihutirwa. Ikigega cyo kubikamo cyujujwe mu kigega cyo hejuru cyo hejuru na pompe ebyiri zikoresha amashanyarazi ziri mu kigega cyo hejuru, kandi buri pompe ya centrifugal ifite ubushobozi bwa litiro 700 ku munota. Ibi bakunze kwita Asbury Heights Tank kandi biherereye kumuhanda wa Asbury hagati yumuhanda wa 17 na 18. Nibikoresho byibyuma byubatswe kumurongo fatizo ushimangiwe na diametero ya metero 55, uburebure bwa santimetero 29 1/2, n'ubushobozi bwa litiro 500.000. Uburebure bw'amazi ni metero 493.5. Imiyoboro itatu ya santimetero 18 ziva muri uyu muyoboro zerekeza muri sisitemu yo hejuru kandi zuzuzwa imbaraga za rukuruzi binyuze mu muyoboro wa santimetero 6 uhujwe n’ikigega cyo kubikamo cya Clarendon Heights cya sosiyete ya Spring Valley. Irembo rya beto ryubatswe riherereye imbere yikigega cyamazi. Ibi bizwi kandi nka Jones Street Tank kandi biherereye hagati ya Jones Street, Sacramento na Clay Street. Nuburyo bwa beto bwubatswe bufite ubushobozi bwa litiro 750.000. Diameter y'imbere ni metero 60 n'uburebure ni metero 35 santimetero 10. Urwego rw'amazi ni metero 369. Agace ko hepfo gatangwa mumazi yamazi n'imiyoboro ibiri ya santimetero 18. Bibaye ngombwa, ikigega cyamazi kirashobora kurengerwa kandi agace ko hasi karashobora gutangwa uhereye hejuru. Ikigega cyo kubikamo cyuzuyemo imbaraga zinyuze mu muyoboro wa santimetero 6 uva mu kigega cyo kubika umuhanda wa Clay Street cya Sosiyete y’amazi yo mu kibaya. Umuyoboro wa beto wubatswe wahujwe n'ikigega cy'amazi, kandi fireman yari ahari. Iyi sitasiyo iherereye ku Muhanda wa kabiri no ku Muhanda wa Townsend hafi y’amajyepfo ya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza kandi igenewe kuvoma amazi yumunyu mu kigobe muri sisitemu. Inyubako ni inyubako ya beto ikomejwe. Yubatswe ku rutare rukomeye kandi yagenewe guhangana n’imitingito, bivugwa ko ari inyubako ikomeye muri San Francisco. Ifite ibikoresho bine bya pompe ya turbo ibyiciro byinshi, bihujwe neza na 750-mbaraga za Curtis zo mu bwoko bwa horizontal zidafite kondine. Buri turbine ifite ubushobozi bwa litiro 2700 hamwe nubushobozi bwa litiro 3000 za brine kumunota. Umutwe upima ibiro 300. Kuri santimetero kare. Pompe itangwa binyuze mumurongo wa beto ushimangiwe na diametero ya metero 6, utangirira kumurongo. Icyambu cya pompe gifite diameter ya santimetero 12 n'umutwe wa metero 15. Basohorwa muri sisitemu yo hepfo binyuze mumiyoboro ibiri ya santimetero 20. Hano hari umunani umunani 350 HP Babcock & Wilcox. Ibyo byuma bishyirwa muri bateri enye, imwe murimwe igizwe nibyuma bibiri kandi ikaba ifunze mukirere cyumuyaga cyamatafari nicyuma. Buri bateri ihujwe na chimney itandukanye ishimangiwe, ifite santimetero 68 z'umurambararo na metero 90 hejuru ya kabine. Ibyo byuma bikoreshwa mu gutwika amavuta ya lisansi, kandi hari ikigega kibika amavuta gifite ubushobozi bwa barrile 2000 munsi yumuhanda hanze yinyubako. Hasi yacukuwe mu burebure bukwiye kugira ngo hatangwe ibigega bitandatu by'amazi ya beto y'urukiramende bigizwe n'inkunga y'icyumba cyo gutekamo kandi bitanga litiro 1.000.000 y'amazi meza kuri boiler. Amazi meza hamwe nububiko bwamavuta yatanzwe birahagije kugirango ukore akazi kose mumasaha 96. Sitasiyo iherereye ahitwa Black Point muri Fort Mason, mumajyaruguru ya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza. Ibikoresho bisa nkibya sitasiyo ya mbere, usibye ko icyuma cya Stirling gikoreshwa mu mwanya wa Babcock & Wilcox. Sohora imiyoboro ibiri ya santimetero 20 kuva kuri sitasiyo, imwe igana mu gice cyo hejuru n'indi igana mu gice cyo hasi. Sisitemu yose ihora ibitse yuzuye amazi meza kumuvuduko mwinshi. Mugihe habaye umuriro, moteri, igare rya hose, ibyuma, ingazi niminara yamazi, ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa na moteri bigomba kwitaba terefone. Impamvu moteri yitaba umuhamagaro ni ukubera ko hydrants yumuriro wikigo cyamazi cyamazi ya Spring Valley gikwirakwiza kariya gace cyane kuruta hydrants yumuriro wa sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro mwinshi. Kubwibyo, akenshi usanga gukoresha hydrants yumuvuduko muke byoroshye gukoresha hydrant yumuriro no gukoresha moteri. Aho gukuraho umuhanda umwe cyangwa nyinshi kumuhanda no gukoresha hydrants yumuriro mwinshi. Trolley ikoreshwa ikoreshwa ifite bateri ya monitor, ntabwo rero bikenewe gukoresha trolley. Mugihe ukoresheje hydrant yumuriro mwinshi, banza uhuze valve yubutabazi bwumuvuduko nisoko ryumuriro. Ubusanzwe valve ishyirwa kuri pound 120. Umuvuduko, ibi bizabyara ibiro 90 byumuvuduko wa nozzle. Umuyoboro ufite uburebure bwa metero 200. Umuvuduko ukabije wumuriro uzaba ufite amazi menshi mukibazo kuruta amakamyo atatu manini yumuriro mumujyi. Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe ikoreshwa ryumuvuduko ugabanya umuvuduko, ufite amasoko abiri kuri buri cyicaro cy’amazi atatu y’umuriro, hamwe n’amazu abiri avuye muri yo ahabwa imiyoboro ihujwe, ku buryo hashyizweho amashanyarazi 8 y’umuriro 8, 1 1 / Dimetero 4 z'umurambararo. Uburemere bwa nozzle ni ibiro 100. Umuvuduko wa nozzle urashobora kubona litiro 2290 kumunota kuri hydrant yumuriro, ugereranije na litiro 2250 kumunota kumamodoka atatu yumuriro. Muri Pomping Station No 1, icyuma kimwe kibika buri gihe kibikwa munsi yumuvuduko wamazi, kandi ibisigazwa bisigaye birashobora gukoreshwa muminota 30. Ariko, mugihe habaye umuriro mwinshi cyangwa umutingito ukabije, ugakurikirwa numuriro munini, hagomba gukoreshwa ubwonko muri pompe cyangwa ubwato bwo kuzimya umuriro. Niba umuriro munini ubaye mu gice cyo hepfo, hashobora gukingurwa indangururamajwi imwe cyangwa nyinshi kugirango habeho ibiro 214 byumuvuduko mukarere ko hepfo, kandi sisitemu yo hepfo irashobora guhuzwa neza nu miyoboro iri mukarere ka ruguru. Kuri santimetero kare, cyangwa irashobora guhuzwa n'ikigega cya mpinga ebyiri muburyo bumwe, umuvuduko wimpanuka ni pound 328. Kuri santimetero kare mu gice cyo hasi. Agasanduku ko gutabaza k'umuriro gaherereye ku muhanda, ku buryo abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura umuriro bashobora guterefona mu buryo butaziguye abarinzi b'ibigega n'ibigega. Iyo amazi make akururwa binyuze mumuriro A (kurugero, amazi make ugereranije na spinkler akenera), amazi azanyura mumihanda ya metero B kuko kurwanya iyi nzira bitarenze ukurwanya disiki C ya valve yo gutabaza . E. Muri iki gihe, flap flap muri valve yo gutabaza izamuka, bityo ifungure icyambu G mu muyoboro muto H. Icyumba cyo mu kirere J gishyirwa kumuyoboro kugirango wite ku nyundo y’amazi kandi ukore nk'icyumba cyo kugabanya kugirango wirinde ibinyoma impuruza. Hanyuma, umuyoboro H uhujwe nigipimo cyo gufata amajwi K. Iyo clav ya clav kuri clavisiyo yo gutabaza igarutse kuntebe ya valve, isake M ituma umuyoboro wa feri ufunze igice L urekura umuvuduko wumuyoboro H. Kubwibyo, icyuma gifata amajwi andika igihe amazi atembera mumatara. Umuyoboro muto N usohoka mu muyoboro H, kandi uhujwe na moteri yamashanyarazi cyangwa moteri y'amazi. Iyo amazi yo mu muyoboro N azamutse, icyuma kizunguruka cyangwa moteri y'amazi bizakora, bityo bitange umuriro. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, sisitemu ifite ibice bine byubatswe kubutaka bwuzuye, kandi buri gice gifite valve ifunguye. Mugihe habaye umutingito ukaze, birasabwa gufunga iyi mibande ifunguye. Niba muri ako gace hari umuriro, ikamyo izimya umuriro izagerageza kugenzura ikigega cy’amazi y’umuriro. Ibi bivuze ko gahunda yo gutanga amazi murugo idahari. Umuriro nahandi mu mujyi umaze kuzimya, abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bavanywe mu muriro bazerekeza ibitekerezo byabo ahantu hafunguye kandi bazayobora imirongo miremire y'amashanyarazi mu mashanyarazi ndetse no kuzimya umuriro ku butaka bukomeye bwegeranye. Mu rwego rwo kuzimya umuriro muri utwo turere, hashyizweho ubwato bw’umuriro ku nkombe y’amazi. Kugirango utange serivisi zo gukingira umuriro, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gutanga amazi muri Camp Sherman muri Circleville, Ohio. Iterambere rizashyiramo ingufu zinyongera kuri buri nyubako no gushyiraho imiyoboro ihagaze ifite umuvuduko wamazi wibiro 90.