Ihame rya electroplating process ya gate valve iraganirwaho

Ihame rya electroplating process ya gate valve iraganirwaho

Impamvu nyamukuru itera kumeneka yumuriro wamashanyarazi muri cobalt base alloy spray welding mubisanzwe ni valve ikomeye. Mubikorwa byo gusudira, arc itanga pisine ya solubilisation, ikomeza gushonga no gushyushya umwanya wo gusudira, kandi ubushyuhe buragabanuka vuba nyuma yo gusudira, hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe kugirango gitange gusudira. Niba ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha buri hasi, ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bugomba kugabanuka vuba. Mugihe cyo gukonjesha byihuse kurwego rwo gusudira, igipimo cyo kugabanuka cyurwego rwo gusudira cyihuta kuruta kugabanuka kwumubiri wa valve. Mugihe cyibikorwa nkibi, urwego rwo gusudira hamwe nibikoresho byumwimerere bihita bitera guhangayika imbere, hamwe no gusudira. Imiterere yimikorere ya valve yamashanyarazi muri rusange ni 540¡æ yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kubwibyo bikoresho nyamukuru by irembo ni 25 cyangwa 12crmov, umubiri wa valve .. Imiterere yimikorere ya valve yamashanyarazi muri rusange ni 540¡æ ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibikoresho byingenzi rero by irembo ni 25 cyangwa 12crmov, kandi ibikoresho fatizo byumubiri wa spray gusudira ni cobalt-base alloy d802 (sti6) insinga yo gusudira.
d802 ihuye na edcocr -A mubisobanuro bya gb984, bihwanye na ercocr -A muri aws.
d802 ibikoresho fatizo birashobora gufungurwa no gufungwa biturutse ku muvuduko ukabije w’umuriro n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe no kurwanya kwambara neza, kurwanya ingaruka, kurwanya okiside, kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya cavitation.
Icyuma gisudira cya ErCoCr-A electrode hamwe nuwuzuza insinga zuzuye muburyo bwa Aws zirangwa nuburyo bwa subeutectic bugizwe na 13% ya chromium cementite eutectic umuyoboro ukwirakwizwa muri Cochromium-tungsten ion kristal substrate. Igisubizo ni uruvange rwiza rwibikoresho byibanze byo kwangirika kwangirika kwinshi hamwe nubukomezi bukenewe kugirango tunanire ingaruka zubwoko bumwebumwe bwimikorere.
Amavuta ya Cobalt afite imbaraga zo kurwanya ibyuma - kwambara ibyuma, cyane cyane birwanya gushushanya munsi yumutwaro mwinshi.
Ibintu bikomeye bivangwa na substrate birashobora gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya okiside.
Iyo icyuma gishongeshejwe cya cobalt gishingiye ku mavuta ari mu bushyuhe (muri 650¡æ), imbaraga zayo ntizigabanuka cyane. Gusa iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse hejuru ya 650¡æ, imbaraga zayo zizagabanuka cyane. Iyo ubushyuhe busubiye mubushyuhe busanzwe, imbaraga zayo zizasubira mubukomere bwambere.
Mubyukuri, iyo ibikoresho byumwimerere bikora nyuma yo gusudira ubushyuhe, imikorere yubuso ntabwo yoroshye kwangiza. Umuyoboro wamashanyarazi ugomba guterwa hamwe na cobalt ishingiye kuri cobalt kumwobo wo hagati wumubiri wa valve kugirango ukore irembo ryumuvuduko mwinshi imbere ya arc gusudira. Kuberako isura iri mubice byimbitse byumwobo wo hagati wumubiri wa valve, gusudira spray birashoboka cyane ko bitera inenge nko gusudira no gutobora.
Ikizamini cyo gutunganya umwobo udasanzwe wo gusudira d802 cyakozwe mugukora no gutunganya ingero nkuko bisabwa. Impamvu yo gutandukana byoroshye iraboneka murwego rwo guhuza ibizamini.
¢ Ù Gusudira ibintu hejuru y’ibidukikije.
¢ materials Ibikoresho byo gusudira bikurura ubuhehere.
¢ material Ibikoresho byumwimerere nibyuzuzo birimo umwanda mwinshi hamwe namavuta.
¢ Ü Umwanya wo gusudira gukomera kumubiri wa valve nini mugusudira amashanyarazi (cyane cyane dn32 ~ 50mm).
(5) Ikoreshwa rya tekinoloji yo gushyushya no gutunganya ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ntabwo bifite ishingiro.
Uburyo bwo gusudira ntabwo bwumvikana.
¢ selection gusudira ibikoresho guhitamo ntabwo bifite ishingiro. Impamvu nyamukuru itera kumeneka yumuriro wamashanyarazi muri cobalt base alloy spray welding mubisanzwe ni valve ikomeye. Mubikorwa byo gusudira, arc itanga pisine ya solubilisation, ikomeza gushonga no gushyushya umwanya wo gusudira, kandi ubushyuhe buragabanuka vuba nyuma yo gusudira, hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe kugirango gitange gusudira. Niba ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha buri hasi, ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bugomba kugabanuka vuba. Mugihe cyo gukonjesha byihuse kurwego rwo gusudira, igipimo cyo kugabanuka cyurwego rwo gusudira cyihuta kuruta kugabanuka kwumubiri wa valve. Mugihe cyibikorwa nkibi, urwego rwo gusudira hamwe nibikoresho byumwimerere bihita bitera guhangayika imbere, hamwe no gusudira. Inguni ya bevel igomba kubuzwa mugihe itanga imyanya yo gusudira.
Ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha buri hasi cyane, kandi ubushyuhe burekurwa vuba mugihe cyo gusudira.
Ubushyuhe bukomeye buracyari hasi cyane, gusudira kurwego rwo gukonjesha byihuta cyane kuri spray gusudira ibikoresho bibisi.
Ibikoresho byo gusudira cobalt base alloy ubwayo ifite ubukana bwinshi butukura, iyo ikora kuri 500 ~ 700¡æ, imbaraga zirashobora kugumana 300 ~ 500hb, ariko ihindagurika ryayo ni rito, irwanya imbaraga irakomeye, byoroshye kubyara uduce twa kirisiti cyangwa imbeho ikonje, bigomba rero gushyuha mbere yo gusudira.
Ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha buterwa nubunini bwakazi, kandi ubushyuhe rusange ni 350-500¡æ.
Gusudira electrode ya elegitoronike igomba guhora idahwitse mbere yo gusudira kugirango wirinde kwinjiza amazi.
Mugihe cyo gusudira, umutsima utekwa kuri 150¡æ kuri 1h hanyuma ugashyirwa muri silinderi yo gusudira.
Arc r Inguni yumwobo udasanzwe spray welding weld igomba kuba nini ishoboka, muri rusange r¡Ý3mm, niba inzira ibyemereye.
dn10 ~ 25mm ya kalibiri yumubiri irashobora gusudwa uhereye munsi yumwobo muto hamwe ninsinga zo gusudira, kugirango harebwe niba ubushyuhe bwurwego rukomeye ¡Ý250 * (2, hagati ya arc, arc kugeza umuvuduko uvugwa insinga zo gusudira.
Igicuruzwa cyakorewe mu ziko (250¡æ) kugeza 350 10 20¡æ mbere yo gusudira. Nyuma ya 1.5h yubushyuhe, gusudira byarakozwe.
Mugihe kimwe, kugenzura ubushyuhe bukomeye ¡50250c, spray gusudira impera zose zinkovu. Nyuma yo gusudira, umubiri wa valve ugomba guhita ushyirwa mu itanura (450¡æ) kugirango ushushe kandi ushire. Iyo ubushyuhe bwicyiciro cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo gusudira bw itanura bizimye kugeza kuri 710¡À20¡æ, ubushyuhe bwogukoresha hamwe nubushuhe bifatwa kuri 2h hanyuma bigakonjeshwa nitanura. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo kugenzura dn burenze 32mm, umubiri wa valve ugomba gusudira muburyo bwa au kugirango ubanze ukemure ikibazo cya elastique itaringaniye iterwa no gukomera cyane nyuma yo gutera gusudira kwa kobalt. Mbere yo gusudira spray, igicuruzwa cyibicuruzwa bisukurwa, igicuruzwa cyibicuruzwa gishyirwa mu itanura (kugenzura ubushyuhe ni 250¡æ), gushyuha kugeza kuri 450 ~ 500¡æ, gushyushya ubushyuhe no kumara amasaha 2, kandi gusudira biratangazwa. .
Ubwa mbere, spray gusudira hejuru hamwe na cobalt ishingiye kuri alloy welding wire, hanyuma urangize gusudira inkovu kuri buri cyiciro. Mugihe kimwe, genzura ubushyuhe buri hagati ya ¡Ý250¡æ, hanyuma utere weld inkovu nyuma yimpera zose.
Noneho usimbuze martensitike idafite insinga zicyuma (cr cr, ni ugereranije nibintu bitagira ibyuma) kugirango usudire U-shusho. Nyuma yo gusudira amashanyarazi yumubiri wa valve birangiye, bizahita bishyirwa mu itanura ako kanya (450¡æ) kugirango ubushyuhe no kubika ubushyuhe. Nyuma yo gusudira amashanyarazi muri iki cyiciro cyangwa itanura, ubushyuhe buzamurwa bugere kuri 720¡À20¡æ kugirango buzimye.
Igipimo cyo gushyuha ni 150¡æ / h, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kubika bubikwa amasaha 2.
Ikigega cya electroplating kirimo urwego rwamashanyarazi, igicuruzwa rusange cyibikorwa nka cathode, guhinduranya amashanyarazi nyuma yo kubaka umurima wa electrostatike hagati yimpande zombi, bitewe nicyuma cya electrostatike yumurima ion cyangwa umuzi wa thiocyanogen kugeza kuri cathode, no hafi yubuso bwa cathode kubyara icyo bita double layer, Muri iki gihe, ion yibanda kuri cathode ni nto ugereranije no mukarere birinda cathode, bishobora gutuma habaho kwimura intera ndende.
Ibyuma byiza ion cyangwa thiocyanogen yarekuwe no kurekura ion zigoye, ukurikije ibice bibiri hanyuma ukagera kuri cathode kugirango ubyare okiside kugirango ube molekile yicyuma.
Gukoresha amashanyarazi amashanyarazi ni kare cyane, uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru mugitangira ubushakashatsi niterambere ni uguhuza cyane cyane gukumira ruswa no gutaka bigomba.
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryinganda nubumenyi na tekinoloji, iterambere rihoraho ryibikorwa bishya by’umusaruro, cyane cyane ko hagaragaye ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bishya byo gutwikira hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya plaque byongereye cyane umurongo wo gukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso, kandi bituma biba igice cyingirakamaro cyubushakashatsi bwubuso.
Amashanyarazi ni bumwe mu buryo bwa tekinoroji ya electrodeposition. Ninzira yo kubona alluvium yicyuma hejuru yubutaka na electrolysis. Intego yacyo ni uguhindura imiterere yibikoresho fatizo bikomeye, kunoza isura, kunoza ruswa, kwambara no guhangana, cyangwa gutegura ibyuma byambaye ibintu byihariye biranga. Tanga amashanyarazi yihariye, magnetiki, optique, ubushyuhe nibindi biranga ubuso nibindi bintu biranga inzira.
Muri rusange, Inzira ya electrodeposition yicyuma kuri cathode igizwe nuburyo bukurikira1.)3) uburyo bwo gufotora ibyuma ion cyangwa thiocyanogen kuri cathode kugirango ubone electron, muri molekile yicyuma 4) uburyo bushya bwo gushiraho icyiciro kigomba gukora icyiciro gishya, nko gukora ibyuma cyangwa aluminiyumu. Ikigega cya electroplating kirimo urwego 2 rwamashanyarazi, igicuruzwa rusange muri rusange nka cathode, guhinduranya amashanyarazi nyuma yo kubaka umurima wa electrostatike hagati yimpande zombi, bitewe nicyuma cya electrostatike yumuriro ion cyangwa umuzi wa thiocyanogen kugeza kuri cathode, no hafi ya cathode Ubuso kugirango butange icyo bita double layer, hanyuma cathode ikikije ion yibanda kuri ion ntabwo iri munsi yibitekerezo bya ion mukarere kugirango wirinde cathode, Bishobora gutuma habaho kwimura intera ndende.
Ibyuma byiza ion cyangwa thiocyanogen yarekuwe no kurekura ion zigoye, ukurikije ibice bibiri hanyuma ukagera kuri cathode kugirango ubyare okiside kugirango ube molekile yicyuma.
Ikibazo cyo kwishyuza no gusohora ion nziza kuri buri ngingo hejuru ya cathode ntabwo ari kimwe. Kuri node na acute Angle ya kristu, ubukana bwubu nigikorwa cya electrostatike nini cyane kuruta iyindi myanya ya kristu. Muri icyo gihe, ibinure bya molekile bidahagije biherereye kuri kode ya kristu na Angle ikaze bifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera cyane. Kandi hano kwishyuza no gusohora kururu rubuga bikora lattice ihoraho ya molekile mubyuma. Ikibanza cyatoranijwe cyo gusohora no gusohora iyi ion nziza nijisho ryicyuma gisize.
Mugihe amaso yagutse kuri kristu, urwego rwo gukura kwa monatomique ruba ruhujwe nintambwe yubukungu yo hanze. Kuberako ubuso buhoraho bwicyuma cya cathode burimo guhangayikishwa nubutaka bwaguwe nimbaraga zihoraho, atome zigenda zifatanwa buhoro buhoro hejuru ya cathode zifata igice gusa gikomeza hamwe na molekile yimiterere yicyuma (cathode), utitaye kubitandukanya muri lattice ihora geometrie nibisobanuro hagati yicyuma cya substrate nicyuma. Niba imiterere ya molekuline yicyuma gitwikiriye itandukanye cyane niyububiko bwa substrate, gukura kwa kristu bizaba kimwe nuburyo bwa molekile yimfatiro, hanyuma buhoro buhoro buhinduke buhoro buhoro buhoro buhoro. Imiterere ya molekulire ya electroalluvium iterwa na kristu yerekana ibiranga ibyuma byegeranijwe ubwabyo, kandi imiterere yubuyobozi biterwa nibisabwa na electrocrystallisation kurwego runaka. Ubwuzuzanye bwa alluvium buterwa ahanini nubushuhe bwa ion, guhanahana ibintu hamwe nubuso bwo hejuru, hamwe nubunini bwa kirisiti ya electrocrystal biterwa ahanini nubuso bwa surfactant.
Babiri, icyuma kimwe cyo gutondekanya icyuma kimwe cyerekana icyuma cyerekana igisubizo hamwe nubwoko bwicyuma gusa, nyuma yo gushiraho kugirango kibe uburyo bumwe bwo gutwikira ibyuma.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo guteramo ibyuma burimo cyane cyane gushiramo amavuta ashyushye, gusya umuringa, isahani ya nikel, gusiga ibyuma bidafite ingese, gusiga amabati hamwe n’amabati, nibindi, bidashobora gukoreshwa nkibice byibyuma nibindi birwanya ruswa, ariko kandi bifite imikorere yo gushushanya no kunoza ibiranga malleability.
Ubushobozi busanzwe bwa electrode ya zinc ni -0.76v. Kubutaka bwibyuma, gutwika zinc ni coanasi ya subanodic oxyde, ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango birinde kwangirika kwicyuma. Inzira ya Electrogalvanizing igabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: gushyushya umubiri ushyushye hamwe no gushiramo ubushyuhe nta cyanide.
Gushyushya umubiri ushyushye birangwa nibikorwa byiza byo gufata amazi mugisubizo cyamazi, gutwikisha neza kandi byoroshye, gukoresha cyane, igisubizo cya plaque kigabanyijemo micro cyanide, cyanide nkeya, cyanide yo hagati na cyanide ndende ibyiciro byinshi.
Ariko kubera ko ibintu bifite uburozi, mumyaka yashize byakunze guhitamo micro cyanide kandi nta muti wa cyanide.
Igisubizo cya cyanide kitarimo aside kirimo umuti wa aside zinc fosifate, igisubizo cyumunyu, umuti wa potasiyumu thiocyanate hamwe nigisubizo cya fluoride.
1. Igice cya alkali gishyushye dip galvanizing coating kristal nziza, gloss nziza, urwego rwo gukemura hamwe nubushobozi bwimbitse ni byiza, emera gukoresha ubukana bwubu nubushyuhe buringaniye, ubugari buto kuri sisitemu.
Irakwiriye kubice bifite inzira igoye ya electroplating hamwe nuburinganire bwuburebure buri hejuru ya 120¦Ìm, ariko imbaraga zubu zo gufata igisubizo ni nkeya kandi ni uburozi.
Ibice bikurikira bigomba kwitonderwa muburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo no kubisahani: 1} kugenzura byimazeyo kwibanda kuri buri kintu mubisubizo byisahani.
Agaciro kokwibanda kuri buri kintu kigize cyanide cyinshi gishyushye cyamazi yumuti (moll / L} kigomba kugumaho nka: 2) kwita kubisubizo mubwogero, hydroxide ya sodium hamwe nibice bifitanye isano na gaze.
Iyo sulfide igizwe na 50 ~ 100g / L, imiyoboro yumuti wa plaque iragabanuka, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura anodic okiside ya pasiporo bugomba gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukonjesha (ubushyuhe bwa firigo ni -5¡æ, igihe kiri hejuru ya 8h, potasiyumu agaciro ka karubone yagabanutse kugera kuri 30 ~ 40g / L). Cyangwa uburyo bwo guhana ion (kongeramo sodium karubone cyangwa barium hydroxide yoherejwe mubisubizo bya plaque) kugirango bivurwe. 3) gukoresha anodic okiside ya plaque ikonje ikonje (ibice bya zinc bingana na 99.97%) igomba kwitondera amaboko ya anodic okiside, kugirango wirinde icyondo cya anode kireremba mumashanyarazi, kugirango igifuniko kitagenda neza.
4. g / L. kurongora nibindi byuma byingenzi ion nziza kugirango ukureho: Ongeramo ifu ya zinc nkeya, kugirango umuringa nisasu bisimburwe hepfo yikigega kugirango bikuremo: birashobora kandi gucomeka igisubizo, imbaraga za cathode ni 0.1-0.2 A / cm2.
Ibice 2 bya alkali zinc fosifate ishyushye dip galvanised igice cya alkali zinc acide th hot dip galvanized kwiyuhagira kwiyuhagira biroroshye, byoroshye gukoresha, gutwikira neza kandi neza, gutwikira ntabwo byoroshye gucika, kwangirika kwa sisitemu, gutunganya imyanda nabyo biroroshye cyane.
Ariko igisubizo cyibisahani byurwego rwububiko hamwe nubushobozi bwimbitse bwo gusya birenze igisubizo, ubukana bwubu buri hasi (70% ~ 80%), bitwikiriye hejuru yubunini bwimyororokere.