Uru rupapuro rutangiza ibitekerezo bya tekiniki yo guteza imbere amashanyarazi

Uru rupapuro rwerekana ibitekerezo bya tekiniki byiterambere ryiterambere rya electroplating valves Batatu yuan Ethylene propylene yumuriro wumuriro wikarita ya kashe ya reberi, 63-65 Shaw A, 15MPA, igitutu gihoraho kiri munsi ya 25% yubushakashatsi buhendutse. Gufunga ibicuruzwa (gaze, amazi) nubuhanga rusange bukenewe mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, ntabwo byubaka gusa, peteroli, ubwubatsi bwubwato, gukora imashini, ingufu, ubwikorezi, kurengera ibidukikije nizindi nganda ntibishobora gukora hatabayeho gufunga ikoranabuhanga, indege, ikirere nizindi zambere. inganda zifitanye isano rya hafi na tekinoroji yo gufunga. Umwanya wo gukoresha tekinoroji ya tekinoroji iratera imbere cyane. Ibikoresho byose birimo kubika amazi, gutwara no guhindura ingufu bifite ibibazo byo gufunga. Ubwa mbere, menya ibipimo byerekana ibyiza nibibi byo gufunga ibikoresho 1 Umutungo wa Tensile Umutungo wa Tensile nibintu byambere bigomba kwitabwaho kubikoresho bifunga kashe, harimo imbaraga zingutu, guhora kuramba, kurambura kuruhuka no guhindura igihe kirekire kuruhuka. Imbaraga zingutu ni nini cyane ihangayikishijwe nicyitegererezo kuva cyunvikana kugeza kuvunika. Guhangayikishwa no kuramba (guhora kurambura modulus) ni imihangayiko igerwaho mugihe kirekire. Kurambura ni uguhindura ingero munsi yingufu zidasanzwe, kandi ni igipimo cyo kwiyongera kuramba kuburebure bwumwimerere. Kurambura kuruhuka ni ukurambura ingero kuruhuka. Ihindagurika rirerire ni ihindagurika risigaye hagati yikimenyetso nyuma yo kuvunika. 2 gukomera Ubukomezi bwerekana ubushobozi bwibikoresho bifunga kashe yo kurwanya imbaraga ziva mubintu bifunga kashe, nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigize kashe. Gukomera kwibikoresho bifitanye isano nindi mitungo kurwego runaka. Iyo ubukomere buri hejuru, niko imbaraga nini, niko kurambura, niko kwihanganira kwambara, ndetse nubushyuhe buke bwo guhangana. 3 Gukora compression Ikirangantego cya reberi mubusanzwe kiri muri compression. Bitewe na viscoelasticitike yibikoresho bya reberi, umuvuduko uzagabanuka mugihe iyo ugabanijwe, ibyo bikagaragaza nko kuruhura imihangayiko. Nyuma yo gukuraho igitutu, ntishobora gusubira kumiterere yumwimerere, igaragarira muburyo bwo kwikuramo igihe kirekire. Iki kintu kigaragara cyane mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe namavuta ya peteroli, bifitanye isano itaziguye no kuramba kwubushobozi bwo gufunga ibicuruzwa. 4 Ubushyuhe buke Kugirango bapime ubushyuhe buke buranga kashe ya reberi, haratangijwe uburyo bubiri bukurikira bwo gupima imikorere yubushyuhe buke: (1) Ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe buke: ibikoresho bifunga biramburwa kugeza kuburebure, hanyuma bigashyirwaho, bikonjeshwa vuba; kugeza munsi yubukonje bukabije, gera kuringaniza, kurekura igice cyikizamini, kandi ku gipimo runaka cyubushyuhe, inyandiko yerekana gukuramo 10%, 30%, 50% na 70% yubushyuhe kuri TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70. Ibipimo bifatika bifata TR10 nkibipimo, bifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe buke bwa reberi. . umutwaro ku bushyuhe buke urakorwaho iperereza. 5 Amavuta cyangwa irwanya Kurwanya Ibikoresho bifunga usibye guhura na peteroli, est est ebyiri, amavuta ya silicone yamavuta, muruganda rwa chimique rimwe na rimwe usanga na aside, alkali nibindi bitangazamakuru byangiza. Usibye kwangirika muri ibi bitangazamakuru, ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bizanaganisha ku kwaguka no kugabanya imbaraga, kugabanya ubukana; Muri icyo gihe, hashyizwemo plasitike hamwe n’ibishishwa mu bikoresho bifunga kashe, bigatuma kugabanuka kwinshi, kugabanuka kwijwi, bigatera kumeneka. Mubisanzwe mubushyuhe runaka, nyuma yo gushiramo mugihe inshuro nyinshi, ubwiza, ingano, imbaraga, kuramba hamwe nubukomezi bwimpinduka biyemeje gusuzuma ibyiza nibibi byo kurwanya amavuta cyangwa kwihanganira ibintu bifatika. 6 Kurwanya gusaza Ibikoresho bifunga ogisijeni, ozone, ubushyuhe, urumuri, ubushuhe, guhangayikishwa nubukanishi bizatera imikorere mibi, izwi nko gusaza kwibikoresho bifunga. Kurwanya gusaza (bizwi kandi ko birwanya ikirere) bishobora kugaragazwa no guhindura imbaraga, kuramba no gukomera byubusaza nyuma yo gusaza. Gutoya igipimo cyimpinduka, nibyiza kurwanya gusaza. Icyitonderwa: KURWANYA INYUMA bivuga ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike kubera urumuri rwizuba, ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, umuyaga n imvura nibindi bintu byo hanze bigira ingaruka, hamwe no kugaragara ko kuzimangana, kutagira ibara, kumeneka, ifu nimbaraga zigabanuka hamwe nuruhererekane rwo gusaza. Muri byo, imirasire ya ultraviolet nicyo kintu cyingenzi gitera gusaza kwa plastiki. Icya kabiri, ibikoresho bya kashe ikunze gukoreshwa byamenyekanye 1 Nitrile butadiene reberi (NBR) Ni copolymer idasanzwe ya butadiene na acrylonitrile monomer ikomatanya na emulion polymerisation. Imiterere ya molekulire yuburyo bukurikira: - (CH2-CH = CH) M - (CH2-CH2-CH) N-CN, nitrile butadiene reberi ** yatunganijwe mubudage guhera 1930. Ni copolymer ya butadiene na 25% acrylonitrile. Kubera kurwanya gusaza, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya kwambara biruta reberi karemano, byitabiriwe cyane ninganda. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’intwaro n’ibikoresho, icyifuzo cy’ubushyuhe - hamwe na nitrile ya nitrile irwanya amavuta kuko ibikoresho byo gutegura intambara byiyongereye cyane. Kugeza ubu, ibihugu birenga 20 byakoze NBR, umusaruro wa buri mwaka toni 560.000, bingana na 4.1% bya reberi yubukorikori ku isi. Bitewe nubushyuhe buhebuje, kurwanya amavuta hamwe nubukanishi, ubu byahindutse ibicuruzwa nyamukuru bya reberi irwanya amavuta, bingana na 80% byifuzo bya reberi irwanya amavuta. Rubber ya Nitrile butadiene mu myaka ya za 1950 yagize iterambere rikomeye, kugeza ubu hari ibirango birenga 300, ukurikije ibikubiye muri acrylonitrile, muri 18% ~ 50% urwego rwa acrylonitrile rushobora kugabanywamo: Ibiri muri acrylonitrile byari 42% kuri cyane urwego rwa nitrile rwo hejuru, 36% kugeza 41% kurwego rwo hejuru rwa nitrile, 31% kugeza 35% kurwego rwo hejuru rwa nitrile yo hagati, 25% kugeza 30% kurwego rwa nitrile yo hagati, na munsi ya 24% kurwego rwa nitrile nkeya. Gukoresha inganda zingana nini ni nitrile yo mu rwego rwa nitrile -18 (ihujwe na acrylonitrile ya 17% ~ 20%), nitrile yo hagati ya nitrile -26 (ihujwe na acrylonitrile ya 27% ~ 30%), nitrile yo mu rwego rwo hejuru butanitrile -40 (uhujwe na acrylonitrile ya 36% ~ 40%). Ubwiyongere bwibintu bya acrylonitrile burashobora kunoza cyane kurwanya amavuta hamwe nubushyuhe bwa NBR, ariko sibyinshi nibyiza, kuko kwiyongera kwibintu bya acrylonitrile bizanagabanya imikorere yubushyuhe buke bwa reberi. Rubber ya Nitrile butadiene ikoreshwa cyane mugukora peteroli ishingiye kuri peteroli, amavuta yo kwisiga, kerosene na lisansi mubikorwa byibikoresho bya reberi ubushyuhe bwakazi ni dogere -50-100; Imirimo yigihe gito irashobora gukoreshwa kuri dogere 150, mukirere na Ethanol glycerin antifreeze yubushyuhe bwa dogere -45-100. Kurwanya gusaza kwa nitrile ni bibi, iyo ozone yibanze cyane, izahita isaza kandi igacika, kandi ntabwo ikwiriye gukora igihe kirekire mu kirere cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ntishobora gukora mu mavuta yo kurwanya umuriro wa hydraulic amavuta ya fosifate ester Ibiranga umubiri rusange biranga rubber: (2) reberi ya nitrile ifite uburyohe bwamagi bubi. . Rubiceri ya silicone (Si cyangwa VMQ) Numurongo wa polymer ufite umurongo wa Si-O uhuza (-Si-O-Si) nkumunyururu nyamukuru hamwe nitsinda kama nkitsinda ryuruhande. Bitewe niterambere ryindege, icyogajuru nizindi nganda zambere, harakenewe byihutirwa ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwo kwihanganira ibikoresho bya kashe. Gukoresha hakiri kare karemano, butadiene, chloroprene nizindi reberi rusange ntibishobora guhaza ibikenewe mu iterambere ry’inganda, bityo mu ntangiriro ya za 1940 muri Amerika amasosiyete abiri yatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa umusaruro wa reberi ya dimethyl silicone, ni reberi ya mbere ya silicone. Igihugu cyacu nacyo cyakoze ubushakashatsi neza kandi gitanga umusaruro mu ntangiriro ya za 1960. Nyuma yimyaka mirongo yiterambere, ubwoko, imikorere numusaruro wa silika gel byateye imbere cyane. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga silika gel: (1) ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya silika gel ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukora neza. Irashobora gukoreshwa kuri 150 ℃ igihe kirekire, imikorere ntabwo izahinduka cyane; Irashobora gukora amasaha arenga 10,000 10,000 ubudahwema kuri 200 and, ndetse irashobora no gukoreshwa mugihe gito kuri 350 ℃. . Ubushyuhe rusange bwa silika gel ni -50 ℃. . Kwihanganira gelika ya silika kugeza kuri acide, alkali n'umunyu nabyo ni byiza. Iyo ushyizwe muri 10% ya acide sulfurike muminsi 7, igipimo cyo guhindura amajwi kiri munsi ya 1%, kandi imiterere yubukanishi ntigihinduka. Ariko silika gel ntishobora kwihanganira aside irike ya sulfurike, alkali, tetrachloride ya karubone na toluene hamwe nandi mashanyarazi adafite inkingi. . . Birakwiye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika munsi ya voltage nyinshi. . Ufatanije n'ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru, gelika ya silika ni *** * ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu rugo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu rugo cyangwa ibice bya reberi, nk'icyayi cy'amashanyarazi, icyuma, icyuma cya microwave; Ikidodo cyangwa ibice bya reberi mu nganda za elegitoroniki, nk'urufunguzo rwa terefone igendanwa, amakariso yo muri DVDS, kashe mu nsinga, n'ibindi.; Ikidodo ku bikoresho byose bihuye numubiri wumuntu, nkamacupa yamazi, utanga amazi, nibindi 3 3 Fluorine kole (FKM cyangwa Vtion) Bizwi kandi nka fluor elastomer, ni polymer ndende irimo atome ya fluor kuri atome ya karubone ya urunigi nyamukuru nu munyururu. Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 1950, Amerika n'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti batangiye guteza imbere elastomers. Bwa mbere bishyirwa mubikorwa ni Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika DuPont na 3M ya vtionA na KEL-F nyuma yikinyejana cyiterambere, fluor elastomer mukurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubukana, kurwanya ubushyuhe buke hamwe nibindi bintu byageze kumajyambere yihuse, kandi bigakora urukurikirane y'ibicuruzwa. Fluorine kole ifite ubushyuhe buhebuje, irwanya ozone hamwe n’amavuta atandukanye ya hydraulic. Ubushyuhe bwo gukora mu kirere ni -40 ~ 250 and, n'ubushyuhe bwo gukora mu mavuta ya hydraulic ni -40 ~ 180 ℃. Kubera gutunganya, guhuza hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwimikorere ya reberi ya fluor ni mbi kuruta reberi rusange, igiciro gihenze, bityo rero ikoreshwa cyane mubitangazamakuru byo mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru ko reberi rusange idafite ubushobozi, ariko ntibikenewe kubisubizo bya fosifate ester. 4 EPDM (EPDM) Ni terpolymer ya Ethylene, propylene hamwe na duke ya alukene idakoreshwa. Mu 1957, Ubutaliyani bwabonye umusaruro w’inganda za etilene na propylene copolymer rubber (binary EPC rubber). Mu 1963, DuPONT yongeyeho urugero ruto rwa diene ruzengurutse nka monomer ya gatatu hashingiwe kuri binary Ethylene propylene, kandi ihuza sintezile nkeya ya etilene propylene ternary hamwe n’imigozi ibiri kumurongo wa molekile. Kuberako umugongo wa molekuline uracyuzuye, EPDM igumana ibintu byiza bya binary EPDM mugihe igeze kumigambi yo kurunga. Epdm reberi ifite ozone nziza cyane, murwego rwa ozone yibidukikije bya 1 * 10-6 ntibiracika amasaha 2430; Kurwanya ruswa neza: guhagarara neza kuri alcool, aside, alkali ikomeye, okiside, imiti yo kwisiga, amavuta yinyamanswa n’ibimera, ketone, na lipide zimwe na zimwe (ariko muri peteroli ishingiye kuri peteroli, kwagura amavuta ya hydraulic birakomeye, ntibishobora gukorana n’amavuta yubutare ibidukikije); Kurwanya ubushyuhe buhebuje, birashobora gukoreshwa muri -60 ~ 120 ℃ ubushyuhe igihe kirekire; Ifite amazi meza yo kurwanya no gukoresha amashanyarazi. Epdm rubber ibara risanzwe ni beige, elastique nziza. 5 Polyurethane elastomer Ni polymer ikozwe muri polyisocyanate na polyether polyol cyangwa polyester polyol cyangwa / na molekile ntoya ya polyol, polyamine cyangwa amazi nibindi byongerera urunigi cyangwa guhuza. Mu 1937, Porofeseri Otto Bayer ukomoka mu Budage yavumbuye bwa mbere ko polyurethane ishobora kubyazwa umusaruro hiyongereyeho polyisocyanate na polyol, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibyo, yinjira mu nganda. Ubushyuhe bwa polyurethane elastomer kuva kuri -45 ℃ kugeza 110 ℃. Ifite ubuhanga bukomeye n'imbaraga, kwihanganira kwambara neza, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya umunaniro no kurwanya ihungabana muburyo butandukanye bwo gukomera. Cyane cyane kumavuta yo gusiga amavuta na lisansi, ifite imbaraga zo kubyimba kandi izwi nka "reberi idashobora kwihanganira". Polyurethane elastomer ifite imikorere myiza yuzuye, yakoreshejwe muri metallurgie, peteroli, amamodoka, gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, kubungabunga amazi, imyenda, icapiro, ubuvuzi, siporo, gutunganya ibiryo, ubwubatsi nizindi nzego zinganda. 6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Teflon (mu magambo ahinnye y'icyongereza Teflon cyangwa [PTFE, F4]), azwi nka / bakunze kwita "umwami wa plastike", amazina y'ubucuruzi y'Abashinwa "Teflon", "Teflon" (Teflon), "Teflon", "Teflon "," Teflon "," Teflon "n'ibindi. Ikozwe muri tetrafluorethylene ikoresheje polymerisiyasi y’ibikoresho bya polymer, hamwe n’imiti ihamye y’imiti, irwanya ruswa (ni kimwe mu birwanya kwangirika kw’isi ni ibikoresho byiza cyane, usibye sodium ya fer yashonze hamwe na fluor fluor, irashobora kwihanganira indi miti yose, itetse muri aqua rega ntishobora guhinduka, *** ikoreshwa muburyo bwose bwo gukenera kurwanya aside na alkali na solge organic), gufunga, gusiga amavuta menshi adafatanye, kubika amashanyarazi no kwihanganira gusaza, kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwiza (birashobora gukora muri + 250 ℃ kugeza -180 ℃ ubushyuhe igihe kirekire). Teflon ubwayo ntabwo ari uburozi kubantu, ariko ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), kimwe mubikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubyara, bikekwa ko bishobora kuba uburozi. Ubushyuhe ni -20 ~ 250 ℃ (-4 ~ + 482 ° F), butuma ubukonje butunguranye no gushyuha gitunguranye, cyangwa guhinduranya ubushyuhe n'ubukonje. Umuvuduko -0.1 ~ 6.4Mpa (Icyuho cyuzuye kuri 64kgf / cm2)