Isu tinoshandisa makuki kuwedzera ruzivo rwako. Nekuramba uchitsvaga webhusaiti ino, unobvuma kushandisa kwedu makuki. Mamwe mashoko.
Hapana tsanangudzo yepamutemo yebasa rakasimba. Inogona kunzwisiswa semamiriro ekushanda apo mari yekutsiviwa kwevhavha yakakwirira kana simba rekugadzirisa rakaderedzwa.
Pane kudiwa kwepasi rose kudzikisa mitengo yekugadzirwa kwemaitiro kuitira kuwedzera purofiti yezvikamu zvese zvine chekuita nemamiriro ebasa asina kunaka. Izvi zvinobva kumafuta negasi uye petrochemical zvigadzirwa kune simba renyukireya nekugadzira magetsi, mineral processing uye migodhi.
Vagadziri uye mainjiniya vari kuyedza kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi nenzira dzakasiyana. Iyo yakanyatsokodzera nzira ndeyekuwedzera uptime uye kunyatsoshanda nekudzora zvinobudirira maitiro paramita (senge inobudirira shutdown uye optimized flow control).
Kugadziriswa kwekuchengetedza kunoitawo basa rakakosha, nekuti kuderedza kutsiva kunogona kutungamira kune yakachengeteka kugadzirwa nharaunda. Uye zvakare, kambani iri kushanda kudzikisa midziyo yekuverenga, kusanganisira pombi nemavharuvhu, uye inodiwa kuraswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, varidzi vezvivakwa vanotarisira shanduko huru mumidziyo yavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuwedzera kwekugadzirisa kugona kunoguma mune mashoma mapaipi nemidziyo (asi yakakura madhayamita) uye mashoma zviridzwa zvechigadzirwa rwizi.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pamusoro pekuti ive hombe kune yakafara pombi dhayamita, imwe chete system chikamu chinoda zvakare kutsungirira kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune dzakaoma nharaunda kuderedza kudiwa kwe-in-service kugadzirisa uye kutsiva.
Zvikamu zvinosanganisira mavharuvhu nemabhora evharuvhu anoda kuve akasimba kuti aenderane neinodiwa application, asi anogona kupa zvakare hupenyu hwesevhisi. Nekudaro, dambudziko guru nemashandisirwo mazhinji nderekuti simbi zvidimbu zvasvika pamuganho wekuita kwavo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vagadziri vanogona kuwana dzimwe nzira kune zvisiri zvesimbi, kunyanya zvinhu zveceramic, zvekuda basa rekushandisa.
Maparamendi akajairika anodiwa kuti ushandise zvikamu pasi pemamiriro akakomba esevhisi anosanganisira thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, kuneta kuramba, kuoma, simba, uye kuoma.
Resilience chinhu chakakosha parameter, nekuti zvikamu zvisingaite zvinogona kutadza kuparara. Kuoma kwezvinhu zveceramic kunotsanangurwa sekupokana kwekupararira kwekutsemuka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inogona kuyerwa uchishandisa indentation nzira, zvichiita kuti kuve nehutsika hwepamusoro. Kushandiswa kwesimbi-side incision beam kunogona kupa zviyero zvakarurama.
Simba rine hukama nekuoma, asi rinoreva nzvimbo imwe chete iyo chinhu chinokundikana nenjodzi kana kushushikana kwaiswa. Inowanzonzi "modulus yekuputika" uye inoyerwa nekuita chiyero chemasimba matatu-poinzi kana mana-poinzi padanho rekuyedza. Iwo matatu-mapoinzi bvunzo inopa kukosha iyo iri 1% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo ina-point test.
Kunyangwe kuomarara kuchigona kuyerwa neakasiyana masikero anosanganisira Rockwell uye Vickers, iyo Vickers microhardness chiyero chakakodzera zvakanyanya kune yepamusoro ceramic zvinhu. Kuoma kwacho kwakanyatso kuenzana nekupfekedzwa kwekupokana kwezvinhu.
Muvhavha inoshanda nenzira ye cyclic, kuneta idambudziko guru nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvhura uye kuvhara kwevhavha. Kuneta ndicho chikumbaridzo chesimba, kupfuura icho chinhu chinowanzo kundikana pazasi pesimba rayo rekukotama.
Corrosion kuramba kunoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda uye yepakati ine zvinhu. Mundima iyi, zvinhu zvakawanda zvepamusoro zveceramic zvine zvakanakira pamusoro pesimbi, kunze kwe "hydrothermal degradation", iyo inoitika kana zvimwe zvirconia-based materials zvinoratidzwa kune yakakwirira-tembiricha steam.
Chikamu chejometry, chekuwedzera kwemafuta coefficient, kupisa conductivity, kuoma uye simba zvinokanganiswa nekuvhunduka kwekupisa. Iyi inzvimbo inobatsira kune yakakwira yekupisa conductivity uye kuoma, saka zvikamu zvesimbi zvinogona kushanda nemazvo. Nekudaro, kufambira mberi kwezvinhu zveceramic zvino kunopa mazinga anogamuchirika ekupisa kwekuvhunduka.
Yepamberi Ceramics yakashandiswa kwemakore mazhinji uye inozivikanwa pakati peakavimbika mainjiniya, mainjiniya ezvirimwa uye vagadziri vevharuvhu vanoda kushanda kwepamusoro uye kukosha. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, kune akasiyana ega ega maumbirwo akakodzera kwakasiyana maindasitiri. Nekudaro, mana emhando yepamusoro ceramics ane kukosha kukuru mumunda wemavharuvhu ebasa rakasimba. Zvinosanganisira silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina uye zirconia. Zvishandiso zvevhavha uye bhora revhavha zvinosarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Nzira mbiri huru dze zirconia dzinoshandiswa mumavharuvhu, ose ane coefficient yakafanana yekuwedzera kwekupisa uye kuoma sesimbi. Magnesium oxide yakagadzikana zvishoma zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ine yakanyanya kupisa kuvhunduka uye kusimba, ukuwo yttrium oxide tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) yakaoma uye yakasimba, asi inotarirwa nekuparara kwehydrothermal.
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) ine maitiro akasiyana. Gasi pressure sintered silicon nitride (GPPSN) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mavharuvhu nezvikamu zvevharuvhu. Pamusoro peavhareji kuoma kwayo, inopawo kuomarara kwakanyanya uye simba, yakanakisa yekupisa kuvhunduka kusagadzikana uye kugadzikana kwemafuta. Mukuwedzera, Si3N4 inzvimbo yakakodzera ye zirconia munzvimbo dzakakwirira-tembiricha yemhepo kudzivirira kuparara kwehydrothermal.
Kana iyo bhajeti yakaoma, iyo inofananidzira inogona kusarudza silicon carbide kana alumina. Zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri zvine kuomarara kwakanyanya, asi hazvina kuoma kupfuura zirconia kana silicon nitride. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nyaya yacho yakanyatsokodzera kune static component application, senge mavharuvhu linings uye zvigaro zvevharuvhu, pane mabhora evharuvhu kana discs ari pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya.
Zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo yesimbi inoshandiswa mukuomarara sevhisi mavharuvhu maapplication (kusanganisira ferrochrome (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy uye Stellite), advanced ceramic zvinhu zvine kushomeka kwakaderera uye simba rakafanana.
Kushandiswa kwesevhisi kwakakomba kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu ekutenderera, senge butterfly valves, trunnions, mavharuvhu ebhora anoyangarara, uye mavharuvhu echirimo. Mumashandisirwo akadai, Si3N4 uye zirconia inoratidza kupisa kwekutyisa kuramba, kusimba uye simba rekuenderana kune zvakanyanya kudiwa nharaunda. Pamusana pekuoma uye kusagadzikana kwekuora kwezvinhu, hupenyu hwebasa hwezvikamu hunowedzerwa kakawanda kupfuura yezvikamu zvesimbi. Zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinosanganisira maitiro ekushanda kwevhavha pamusoro pehupenyu hwayo, kunyanya munzvimbo iyo inochengetedza kukwanisa kwayo kuvhara uye kutonga.
Izvi zvakaratidzwa mukushandiswa uko 65 mm (2.6 mu) valve kynar / RTFE bhora uye liner zvakaratidzwa kune 98% sulfuric acid uye ilmenite, iyo iri kuchinjwa kuva titanium oxide pigment. Hunhu hwekuora hwenhau hunoreva kuti zvikamu izvi zvinogona kugara kusvika masvondo matanhatu. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwebhora revhavhavhavhavha yakaitwa naNilcra!" (Mufananidzo 1), inova magnesium oxide inogadzika zvishoma zirconia (Mg-PSZ), ine kuomarara kwakanakisa uye kusaita ngura uye inogona kupa makore matatu ekusavhiringidzwa Sevhisi pasina chero chinoonekwa. kubvaruka.
Mumitsetse mavharuvhu anosanganisira angles mavharuvhu, throttle mavharuvhu kana globe mavharuvhu, zirconia uye silicon nitride akakodzera mavharuvhu plugs uye zvigaro zvevharuvhu, nekuda kwe "hard seat" maitiro ezvigadzirwa izvi. Saizvozvo, alumina inogona kushandiswa kune mamwe magaskets nemakeji. Nekuenzanisa mabhora ekukuya pachigaro chevhavha, chiyero chepamusoro chekuisa chisimbiso chinogona kuwanikwa.
Kune mavharuvhu ekuisa, kusanganisira vharafu core, inlet uye outlet kana vharafu muviri lining, chero imwe yechina huru ceramic zvinhu inogona kushandiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Kuomarara kwepamusoro uye kushorwa kwekupokana kwezvinhu kwakaratidza kubatsira maererano nekuita kwechigadzirwa uye hupenyu hwebasa.
Tora DN150 butterfly valve inoshandiswa muAustralia bauxite refinery semuenzaniso. Iyo yakakwira silica yemukati mukati inopa yakakwira yekupfeka pavhavha liner. Iwo magasi uye madhisiki anotanga kushandiswa anogadzirwa ne28% CrFe alloy uye anogona kungopedza masere kusvika gumi masvondo. Nekudaro, nemavharuvhu akaitwa naNilcra!" zirconia (Mufananidzo 2), hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakawedzera kusvika kumavhiki makumi manomwe.
Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo uye simba, ceramics inoshanda nemazvo mumazhinji mavharuvhu application. Zvisinei, ndiko kuoma kwavo uye kusagadzikana kwekuora kunobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa revhavha. Izvi zvinozodzikisa mutengo weiyo yese kutenderera kwehupenyu nekudzikisira nguva yekutsiviwa kwezvikamu, kuderedza mari yekushanda uye hesitori, kushoma kwemanyorerwo ekubata, nekuvandudza chengetedzo nekudzikisa kudonha.
Kwenguva yakareba, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zveceramic mu-high-pressure valves kwave kuri chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kunetseka, nokuti mavharuvhu aya ari pasi pepamusoro axial kana torsional mitoro. Nekudaro, vatambi vakuru mundima iyi vava kugadzira dhizaini yebhora dhizaini yekuvandudza kupona kwekutyaira torque.
Imwe ganhuriro huru chiyero. Ukuru hwechigaro chevharuvhu yakakura uye yakakura bhora revharuvhu (Mufananidzo 3) inogadzirwa nechikamu chakadzikama magnesia zirconia ndeye DN500 uye DN250, zvichiteerana. Nekudaro, vazhinji vanofananidzira parizvino vanosarudza ceramic zvikamu zvesaizi idzi.
Kunyangwe iyo ceramic zvinhu zvave kuratidzwa kuve sarudzo yakakodzera, kuchine mamwe akareruka nhungamiro yekutevera kuti iwedzere kuita kwayo. Ceramic zvinhu zvinongofanira kushandiswa kutanga kana mari ichida kuchengetwa iri shoma. Makona akapinza uye kufunga kwekushushikana kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa mukati nekunze.
Chero ipi zvayo inogona kuwedzera kupisa kusawirirana kunofanirwa kutariswa panguva yekugadzira chikamu. Kuti uderedze hoop kushushikana, iyo ceramic inofanira kuchengetwa kunze, kwete mukati. Pakupedzisira, kudiwa kwekushivirira kwejometri uye kupera kwepamusoro kunofanira kunyatsotariswa, sezvo izvi zvichawedzera zvakanyanya mari isingakoshi.
Nekutevera aya madhiraivha uye akanakisa maitiro ekusarudza zvinhu uye kuronga nevatengesi kubva pakutanga kweprojekiti, zvinokwanisika kuwana mhinduro yakanaka kune yega yega sevhisi application.
Ruzivo urwu rwunobva muzvinhu zvakapihwa naMorgan Advanced Materials uye yakaongororwa uye yakagadziridzwa.
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. (2019, Mbudzi 28). Yepamberi ceramic zvinhu zvekuda masevhisi ekushandisa. AZoM. Yakadzorerwa kubva https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305 musi waZvita 7, 2021.
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Yepamberi ceramic zvinhu zvekuda masevhisi ekushandisa". AZoM. Zvita 7, 2021.
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Yepamberi ceramic zvinhu zvekuda masevhisi ekushandisa". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305. (Yakasvika musi waZvita 7, 2021).
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. 2019. Yepamberi ceramic zvinhu zvekuda masevhisi ekushandisa. AZoM, yakaonekwa musi wa7 Zvita 2021, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
AZoM uye Purofesa Guihua Yu weYunivhesiti yeTexas kuAustin vakakurukura rudzi rutsva rwe hydrogel sheet inogona kukurumidza kushandura mvura yakasvibiswa mumvura yakachena yekunwa. Iyi nzira itsva inogona kunge ine simba guru mukuderedza kushomeka kwemvura pasi rose.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi, AZoM naJurgen Schawe vanobva kuMETTLER TOLEDO vakataura nezve kukurumidza kuongorora chip calorimetry nemashandisirwo ayo akasiyana.
AZoM yakataura naProfessor Oren Scherman nezve tsvagiridzo yake pamhando nyowani yehydrogel iyo inogona kuwana kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
StructureScan Mini XT ndicho chishandiso chakakwana chekongiri yekuongorora; inogona zvakarurama uye nekukurumidza kuziva kudzika uye nzvimbo yezvinhu zvesimbi uye zvisiri zvesimbi mukongiri.
Miniflex XpC ndeye X-ray diffractometer (XRD) yakagadzirirwa kudzora kwemhando muzvirimwa zvesimende uye mamwe maoperation anoda online process control (senge mishonga nemabhatiri).
Raman Building Block 1064 ine zvinhu zvinotevera zvinodiwa: spectrometer, 1064 nm laser, sampling probe uye zvimwe zvingasarudzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2021
