Nheyo ye electroplating process yegedhi valve inokurukurwa

Nheyo ye electroplating process yegedhi valve inokurukurwa

Chikonzero chikuru chekutsemuka kwemasimba emagetsi evharuvhu miviri mucobalt base alloy spray welding kazhinji kuoma kwevharuvhu. Mukushanda kwewelding, arc inogadzira dziva resolubilization, rinoramba richinyunguduka nekudziya chinzvimbo chewelding, uye tembiricha inodonha nekukurumidza mushure mekunama, uye simbi yakanyungudutswa inobatana kuti ibudise welding. Kana tembiricha yekudziya yakadzikira, tembiricha yewelding layer inofanira kudzikiswa nekukurumidza. Pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kutonhora kwewelding layer, shrinkage rate ye welding layer inokurumidza kudarika shrinkage rate yemuviri wevhavha. Pasi pechiito chekushushikana kwakadaro, iyo welding layer uye yepakutanga zvinhu zvinokurumidza kuumba kushushikana kwemukati, uye welding layer inotsemuka. Mamiriro ekushanda evhavhavha yemagetsi anowanzo 540¡æ yakakwirira tembiricha steam, saka chinhu chikuru chevhavha yegedhi ndeye 25 kana 12crmov, muviri wevhavha. saka chinhu chikuru chevharuvhu yegedhi ndeye 25 kana 12crmov, uye iyo mbishi yevhavha body spray welding ndeye cobalt-base alloy d802 (sti6) welding waya.
d802 inofananidzwa edcocr -A mune gb984 tsanangudzo, iyo yakaenzana ne ercocr -A mu aws.
d802 raw materials inogona kuramba yakavhurwa uye yakavharwa kubva ku-ultra-high pressure uye nekushanda kwekushisa kwepamusoro, nekunaka kupfeka kusagadzikana, kukanganisa kupikisa, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance uye cavitation resistance.
Iyo weld simbi yeErCoCr-A electrode uye filler wire cladding muAws tsanangudzo inoratidzwa ne subeutectic mechanism inosanganisira 13% chromium cementite eutectic network yakagoverwa muCochromium-tungsten ion crystal substrate. Mhedzisiro yacho musanganiswa wakakwana wekupokana kweiyo mbishi kune yakaderera kusagadzikana kukuvara uye kuomarara kunodiwa kurwisa kukanganisa kwemamwe marudzi ekuyerera kwemaitiro.
Cobalt alloy ine kumira kwakanaka kune simbi - kupfeka kwesimbi, kunyanya kukwenya kuramba pasi pemutoro wakakwira.
Iyo yakasimba alloy kuumbwa mu substrate inogona kupa zvirinani corrosion kuramba uye oxidation kuramba.
Kana simbi yakanyungudutswa yecobalt-based alloy iri munzvimbo inodziya (mukati me650¡æ), simba rayo haridzike zvakanyanya. Chete kana tembiricha ichikwira pamusoro pe650¡æ, simba rayo richaderera zvakanyanya. Kana tembiricha yadzokera kune yakajairika tembiricha mamiriro, simba rayo rinodzokera pakuoma kwekutanga.
Muchokwadi, kana iyo yepakutanga zvinhu ichiita post-welding kupisa kurapwa, kuita kwepamusoro hakusi nyore kukuvadza. Ivhavha yechiteshi chemagetsi inofanira kupfapfaidzwa necobalt-based alloy pagomba repakati pemuviri wevharuvhu kuita iyo yakakwira yekumanikidza gedhi vharafu kumeso nearc welding. Nekuti chiso chiri mukati mechikamu chakadzika chepakati pegomba remuviri wevharuvhu, iyo yekupfapfaidza welding ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuremara senge welding noddle uye crack.
Iyo process test yeshallow gole spray welding d802 yakaitwa nekugadzira uye kugadzirisa masampuli sezvinodiwa. Chikonzero chekutsauka kuri nyore chinowanikwa mune iyo process test link.
¢Ù Welding zvinhu pamusoro pekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
¢Ú Welding zvinhu zvinotora hunyoro.
¢ Û Iyo yekutanga zvinhu uye yekuzadza simbi ine mamwe matsvina uye mafuta mavara.
¢ Ü Chinzvimbo chewelding kuoma kwemuviri wevharuvhu yakakura nemagetsi welding (kunyanya dn32 ~ 50mm).
(5) Iyo tekinoroji chiyero chekudziya uye post-welding kupisa kurapwa haina musoro.
Iyo welding process haina musoro.
¢ ß welding zvinhu kusarudzwa hazvina musoro. Chikonzero chikuru chekutsemuka kwemasimba emagetsi evharuvhu miviri mucobalt base alloy spray welding kazhinji kuoma kwevharuvhu. Mukushanda kwewelding, arc inogadzira dziva resolubilization, rinoramba richinyunguduka nekudziya chinzvimbo chewelding, uye tembiricha inodonha nekukurumidza mushure mekunama, uye simbi yakanyungudutswa inobatana kuti ibudise welding. Kana tembiricha yekudziya yakadzikira, tembiricha yewelding layer inofanira kudzikiswa nekukurumidza. Pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kutonhora kwewelding layer, shrinkage rate ye welding layer inokurumidza kudarika shrinkage rate yemuviri wevhavha. Pasi pechiito chekushushikana kwakadaro, iyo welding layer uye yepakutanga zvinhu zvinokurumidza kuumba kushushikana kwemukati, uye welding layer inotsemuka. Bevel angles dzinofanirwa kurambidzwa kana uchigadzira nzvimbo dzewelding.
Kupisa kwekushisa kwakanyanya kuderera, uye kupisa kunosunungurwa nokukurumidza panguva yekushanda kwekugadzira.
Iyo yakasimba layer tembiricha yakadzikira, iyo welding layer yefiriji yekumhanyisa inokurumidza kupfapfaidza welding mbishi.
Iyo welding material cobalt base alloy pachayo ine hutsvuku hutsvuku hwakaoma, kana uchishanda pa500 ~ 700¡æ, simba rinogona kuchengetedza 300 ~ 500hb, asi ductility yaro yakaderera, kupesana kwekuputika hakuna simba, nyore kugadzira kristal kuputika kana kuputika kwechando, saka inoda kupiswa isati yaiswa welding.
Iyo tembiricha yekudziya inoenderana nehukuru hweiyo workpiece, uye iyo yakawanda yekudziya yemhando ndeye 350-500¡æ.
Welding electrode coating inofanirwa kuchengetwa isina kurongeka isati yatungirwa kudzivirira kunyura kwemwando.
Munguva yewelding, keke rinobikwa pa 150¡æ kwe 1h uye rozoiswa mu welding wire insulation cylinder.
Arc r Angle yeshallow hole spray welding inofanira kunge yakakura sezvinobvira, kazhinji r¡Ý3mm, kana maitiro achibvumidza.
dn10 ~ 25mm caliber valve body inogona kusungirirwa kubva pasi pegomba risina kudzika newaya yewelding, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yakasimba ¡Ý250*(2, pakati pearc, arc to slow speed yakataurwa waya yewelding.
Iyo chigadzirwa workpiece yaipisa muchoto (250¡æ) kusvika 350 10 20¡æ isati yave welding. Mushure me 1.5h yekupisa kupisa, welding yakaitwa.
Panguva imwe chete dzora tembiricha yakasimba ¡Ý250c, pfapfaidza welding kumagumo kwevanga rewelding. Mushure mekuputika, muviri wevharuvhu unofanirwa kuiswa muchoto (450¡æ) kuitira kupisa kwekupisa uye kuvhara. Kana kutonhora kwebatch kana kupisa kwekushisa kwechoto kunodzimwa kusvika 710¡À20¡æ, kupisa kwekupisa uye kuvhara kunobatwa kwe2h uye kunozoiswa firiji nechoto. Kana tembiricha yekudzora dn yakakura kupfuura 32mm, muviri wevharuvhu unofanirwa kuiswa muu shape kutanga kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusaenzana kwekusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nekuomarara kwakanyanya mushure mekupfapfaidza welding yecobalt-based alloy. Pamberi pekupfapfaidza welding oparesheni, chigadzirwa chekushanda chinocheneswa, chigadzirwa chekushanda chinoiswa muchoto (tembiricha yekudzora i250¡æ), inopisa kusvika 450 ~ 500¡æ, kupisa kwekushisa uye kubata kwemaawa maviri, uye welding inoziviswa. .
Chekutanga, pfapfaidza weld pamusoro necobalt-based alloy welding wire, wopedza mavanga welding ega ega. Panguva imwe chete, dzora tembiricha pakati pezvikamu ¡Ý250¡æ, uye pfapfaidza weld vanga mushure mekupedzisira kwese.
Wobva watsiva waya yesimbi isina tsvina yemartensitic (yakakwirira cr, ni yakaenzana newaya yesimbi isina tsvina) kuti weld weld yakaita U. Mushure mokunge kusungirirwa kwemagetsi kwemuviri wevhavha kwapera, ichaiswa muchoto pakarepo (450¡æ) kuitira kupisa kupisa uye kuchengetedza kupisa. Mushure mekupedzwa kwegetsi welding yebatch iyi kana choto, tembiricha ichasimudzwa kusvika 720¡À20¡æ yekudzima.
Mwero wekupisa ndeye 150¡æ/h, uye kupisa kwekushisa kunochengetwa kwemaawa maviri.
Electroplating tangi ine mazinga maviri emagetsi, iyo general chigadzirwa workpiece se cathode, kushandura simba kupinda mushure mekuvakwa kwe electrostatic munda pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi, pasi pesimba re electrostatic field metal ion kana thiocyanogen midzi kune cathode transfer, uye padhuze necathode surface. kubudisa iyo inonzi inonzi double layer, Muchiitiko ichi, iyo ion concentration yakakomberedza cathode iduku pane iyo munharaunda inodzivisa cathode, iyo inogona kutungamirira kune kureba ion kutamiswa.
Metal positive ions kana thiocyanogen inoburitswa nekuburitswa kweakaomesesa ion, zvichienderana nekaviri layer uye inosvika pane cathode pamusoro kuti ibudise oxidation reaction kuti igadzire mamorekuru esimbi.
Electroplating process electroplating nhoroondo ichangotanga, iyo yepamusoro kurapwa muitiro pakutanga tsvakurudzo uye budiriro inonyanya kusangana nevanhu kudzivirira ngura uye chishongo anofanira.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri nesainzi uye tekinoroji, kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva ekugadzira, kunyanya kubuda kwezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvekupfeka uye tekinoroji yekuputira tekinoroji yakawedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekushandiswa kwemaitiro ekurapa kwepamusoro, uye kuita kuti ive. chikamu chakakosha cheiyo yepamusoro engineering dhizaini.
Electroplating process ndeimwe yesimbi electrodeposition tekinoroji. Inzira yekuwana simbi alluvium panzvimbo yakasimba ne electrolysis. Chinangwa chayo ndechekushandura hunhu hwepamusoro hwezvinhu zvakasimba mbishi, kuvandudza chitarisiko, kuvandudza kushora, kuramba kupfeka uye kupokana, kana kugadzirira simbi yakashongedzwa ine yakakosha kuumbwa maitiro. Ipa yakasarudzika magetsi, magineti, optical, thermal uye mamwe maitiro epamusoro uye mamwe maitiro maitiro.
Kazhinji kutaura, Iyo nzira yesimbi electrodeposition pane cathode inoumbwa neanotevera maitiro1) Iyo yekutamisa kupisa maitiro eiyo pre-yakaputirwa yakanaka ion kana yavo thiocyanogen midzi mu lithium bhatiri electrolyte kune cathode (chigadzirwa chebasa chidimbu) pamusoro kana pamusoro pekutamisa nekuda kwekusiyana kwekusangana.2) nzira yekushandura pamusoro peiyo simbi yakanaka ion kana midzi yavo yethiocyanogen pamusoro peyero yemagetsi uye mumvura yemvura padyo nepamusoro peiyo oxidation reaction process, sekushandurwa kwe thiocyanogen ligand kana kuderedzwa kwenhamba yekubatanidza.3) photocatalytic process simbi ions kana thiocyanogen pane cathode kuwana maerekitironi, kupinda simbi mamorekuru. 4) danho idzva rekugadzira danho rekugadzira chikamu chitsva, sekuumbwa kwesimbi kana aluminium alloy. Electroplating tank ine 2 mazinga emagetsi, general chigadzirwa workpiece secathode, kushandura magetsi ekupa kupinda mushure mekuvakwa kwenzvimbo yemagetsi pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi, pasi pesimba re electrostatic field metal ions kana thiocyanogen mudzi kune cathode transfer, uye pedyo necathode. pamusoro kuti ibudise iyo inonzi yakapetwa kaviri, ipapo iyo cathode yakakomberedza ion concentration ishoma pane iyo ion concentration munzvimbo inodzivirira cathode, Inogona kutungamirira kune kure-kure kutamiswa kweion.
Metal positive ions kana thiocyanogen inoburitswa nekuburitswa kweakaomesesa ion, zvichienderana nekaviri layer uye inosvika pane cathode pamusoro kuti ibudise oxidation reaction kuti igadzire mamorekuru esimbi.
Kuoma kwechaji uye kubuda kweiyoni yakanaka pane imwe neimwe nzvimbo pane cathode surface haina kufanana. Pane node uye acute Angle yekristaro, iko ikozvino kusimba uye electrostatic chiito chakakura kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo dzekristaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo molecular unsaturated mafuta inowanikwa pakristaro node uye acute Angle ine yakakwirira adsorption kugona. Uye pano kuchaja uye kuburitsa panzvimbo ino inoumba iyo latisi yenguva dzose yemamorekuru musimbi. Iyo yakasarudzika yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa saiti yeiyi yakanaka ion iziso reiyo yakavharwa simbi crystal.
Sezvo maziso achiwedzera pamwe chete nekristaro, chidimbu chekukura kwemonatomic chinoumbwa chakabatanidzwa nechekunze kwehupfumi. Nekuti iyo latisi inogara pamusoro peiyo cathode simbi ine pasi stress yakawedzerwa nelattice inogara iine masimba, maatomu anonamirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kune cathode pamusoro anogara chete chikamu chinoenderera neiyo molecular chimiro che substrate simbi (cathode), zvisinei nemusiyano. mune lattice inogara geometry uye zvakatemwa pakati pe substrate simbi uye yekuputira simbi. Kana iyo molecular dhizaini yesimbi yekuputira yakanyanya kusiyanisa kubva kune iyo substrate, iyo yekukura crystallization ichave yakafanana neiyo molecular chimiro chenheyo, uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma ichichinja kune yayo yakagadzika mamorekuru chimiro. Iyo molecular chimiro che electroalluvium zvinoenderana nekristaro hunhu hwesimbi yakaunganidzwa pachayo, uye chimiro chesangano chinoenderana nemamiriro ekutanga eiyo electrocrystallization process kusvika pamwero wakati. Kubatana kweiyo alluvium kunoenderana zvachose neiyo ion concentration, kuchinjanisa ikozvino uye pamusoro pepamusoro pepamusoro, uye saizi yekristaro ye electrocrystal inotsamira zvakanyanya pane pamusoro peiyo surfactant concentration.
Zviviri, simbi imwe chete yekuisa simbi imwe chete simbi plating inoreva mhinduro yeplating ine mhando yeioni yesimbi chete, mushure mekuputira kugadzira imwe simbi yekuputira nzira.
Zvakajairwa single simbi plating maitiro anonyanya kusanganisira inopisa dip galvanizing, copper plating, nickel plating, stainless simbi plating, tin plating uye tin plating, nezvimwewo, izvo zvisingangoshandiswe chete sezvikamu zvesimbi uye mamwe anti-corrosion, asi zvakare zvine basa. yekushongedza dhizaini uye kuvandudza hunhu hwemalleability.
Iyo yakajairwa electrode kugona kwe zinc ndeye -0.76v. Kune substrate yesimbi, zinc coating is subanodic oxidation coating, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira kupera kwesimbi. Electrogalvanizing process yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: yemuviri inopisa dip galvanizing uye inopisa dip galvanizing isina cyanide.
Physical hot dip galvanizing inoratidzwa nechakanaka plating basa mune aqueous mhinduro, yakatsetseka uye yakapfava yakapfava, kushandiswa kwakakura, plating mhinduro yakakamurwa kuita micro cyanide, yakaderera cyanide, yepakati cyanide uye yakakwirira cyanide makirasi akati wandei.
Asi nekuti chinhu ichi chine muchetura, mumakore achangopfuura yave kuda kusarudza micro cyanide uye hapana cyanide plating solution.
Cyanide-isina plating solution inosanganisira acid zinc phosphate plating solution, salt plating solution, potassium thiocyanate plating solution uye hingeless fluoride plating solution.
1. Partial alkali inopisa dip galvanizing coating crystal yakanaka, gloss yakanaka, plating mhinduro nhanho uye yakadzika plating kugona zvakanaka, bvumira kushandiswa kwezvino kusimba uye tembiricha siyana yakafara, diki ngura pahurongwa.
Inokodzera zvikamu zvine yakaoma electroplating process uye coating ukobvu pamusoro pe120¦Ìm, asi simba riripo replating solution yakadzikira uye ine chepfu.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa: 1} nyatso kudzora kusungirirwa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa.
Iko kukosha kwekukosha kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chepamusoro cyanide inopisa-dip galvanized water solution (moll / L} inofanira kuchengetedzwa se: 2) teerera kune mhinduro mubhati, sodium hydroxide uye gasi rine chokuita nezvikamu.
Kana iyo sulfide yakaumbwa ichipfuura 50 ~ 100g/L, iyo conductivity yemushonga weplating inodzikiswa, uye anodic oxidation passivation kurapwa inofanirwa kushandiswa nenzira yechando (tembiricha yefiriji iri -5¡æ, nguva iri pamusoro pe8h, iyo potassium. carbonate concentration value yakaderedzwa kusvika 30~40g/L). Kana ion exchange nzira (kuwedzera sodium carbonate kana barium hydroxide deposition mune plating mhinduro) kuti kurapwa. 3) anodic oxidation application yeinotonhora yakakungurutswa simbi ndiro (zinc yemukati ye99.97%) inofanirwa kutarisisa kune anodic oxidation sleeve, kudzivirira iyo anode dope inoyangarara muplating mhinduro, kuitira kuti kupfekedza kusatsvedzereka.
4) Kunzwa kwepanyama inopisa-dip galvanized solution kune zvakasara zvishoma, uye zvinyorwa zvayo zvinobvumirwa ndezvi: mhangura 0.075 - 0.2g / L, mutungamiri 0.02 - 0.04g / L,0.05 - 0.15g / L, tin 0.05 - 0.1 g/L, chromium 0.015 — 0.025g/L, Kusachena musimbi 0.15g/L¡¤ plating solution inogona kugadziriswa nenzira dzinotevera: Wedzera 12.5-3g / L sodium sulfide, kuitira kuti igadzire sulfide precipitate nesimbi uye kutungamirira uye mamwe makiyi esimbi akanaka ions kubvisa: Wedzera Kaduku zinc poda, kuitira kuti mhangura uye mutobvu zvinogona kutsiviwa pazasi tangi kubvisa: anogonawo plug mhinduro, cathode ikozvino simba 0.1-0.2 A/cm2.
2 partial alkali zinc phosphate inopisa dip galvanized partial alkali zinc acid th inopisa dip galvanized bath composition iri nyore, yakanakira kushandisa, yakanaka uye inopenya kupfeka, kupfekedza hakusi nyore kupera, kusvibiswa kudiki kwehurongwa, kurapwa kwetsvina kuri nyore zvakare.
Asi iyo yeplating mhinduro yehomogeneous plating level uye yakadzika plating kugona kupfuura iyo yekuputira mhinduro haina kunaka, iko zvino kusimba kwakadzikira (70% ~ 80%), kufukidza pamusoro peimwe ukobvu ductility kuvandudzwa.