Iri bepa rinosuma mazano ehunyanzvi ekugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu e electroplating

Iri bepa rinounza mazano ehunyanzvi ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi mavharuvhu matatu yuan ethylene propylene moto pombi pombi kadhi yekuvharisa rubber ring, 63-65 Shaw A, 15MPA, inogara ichimanikidza isingasviki 25% yemutengo-inoshanda komboni dhizaini. Fluid (gasi, mvura) yekuisa chisimbiso inodiwa general tekinoroji munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeindasitiri, kwete kungovaka, petrochemical, kuvaka ngarava, kugadzira michina, simba, chekufambisa, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye mamwe maindasitiri haagone kuita pasina kuvhara tekinoroji, ndege, aerospace uye kumwe kumberi. maindasitiri ane hukama zvakanyanya nehunyanzvi hwekuisa chisimbiso. Munda wekushandiswa kwechisimbiso tekinoroji yakanyanya kufambira mberi. Zvese zvishandiso zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza kwemvura, kufambisa uye shanduko yesimba zvine matambudziko ekusunga. Kutanga, tarisa zviratidzo zvekushanda zvezvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvekuisa chisimbiso zvinhu 1 Tensile zvivakwa Tensile zvivakwa ndizvo zvekutanga zvimiro zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvekuisa chisimbiso zvinhu, zvinosanganisira kusimba kwesimba, kuenderera kurefu kushushikana, kurebesa pakuzorora uye kwenguva refu deformation panguva yekuzorora. Kusimba kwesimba ndiko kushushikana kukuru kwemuenzaniso kubva pakusimba kusvika pakutyoka. Iyo inogara yakawedzera elongation stress (constant elongation modulus) iko kushushikana kunosvika pakurebesa kwakatarwa. Elongation ndiyo deformation yemuenzaniso pasi pesimba rakatemerwa, uye ireshiyo yekuwedzera kwehurefu kusvika pahurefu hwepakutanga. Elongation panguva yekuzorora ndiko kurebesa kwemuenzaniso panguva yekuzorora. Iyo yakareba tensile deformation ndiyo yakasara deformation pakati pemamaki mushure mekurema kwekutyoka. 2 kuomarara Kuomarara kunoratidza kugona kwechinhu chekuisa chisimbiso kuramba simba rekunze mukati mechinhu chekuisa chisimbiso, zvakare chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvechisimbiso. Iko kuoma kwezvinhu kune hukama kune zvimwe zvinhu kune imwe nhanho. Iyo yakakwirira kuoma, iyo inowedzera simba, iyo idiki kurebesa, zviri nani kupfekeka kuramba, uye zvakanyanya kuderera tembiricha kuramba. 3 Compression performance Rubber zvisimbiso zvinowanzo mu compressed state. Nekuda kweiyo viscoelasticity yezvinhu zverubha, kudzvanywa kunoderera nekufamba kwenguva kana kudzvanywa, izvo zvinoratidzwa sekuzorora kwekumanikidza kudzvinyirira. Mushure mekubvisa kudzvanywa, haigone kudzokera kune chimiro chepakutanga, icho chinoratidzwa se compression deformation kwenguva yakareba. Ichi chiitiko chinonyanya kuoneka mukupisa kwepamusoro uye svikiro remafuta, izvo zvinoenderana zvakananga nekusimba kwekugona kuvhara kwechisimbiso chigadzirwa. 4 Yakaderera tembiricha kuita Kuyera yakadzika tembiricha maitiro ezvisimbiso zverabha, nzira mbiri dzinotevera dzekuyedza yakaderera tembiricha kuita dzinounzwa: (1) Kudzikira tembiricha yekudzoreredza tembiricha: iyo yekuisa chisimbiso inotambanudzirwa kune imwe hurefu, uye yozogadziriswa, nekukurumidza kutonhora. kusvika pasi pechando tembiricha, svika pakuenzanisa, buritsa chidimbu chekuyedza, uye pamwero wakati wekushisa, rekodha maitiro ekudzoreredza kwe10%, 30%, 50% uye 70% yetembiricha kusvika TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70. Iyo yezvinhu chiyero inotora TR10 se index, iyo ine hukama neiyo brittle tembiricha yerabha. (2) Kudzikira tembiricha inochinjika: mushure mekunge sampu yakaomeswa nechando kusvika panguva yakatarwa pane yakatarwa tembiricha, inodzokororwa zvinoenderana neAngle yakatsanangurwa, uye zvakanakira nekuipa kwekugona kuisa chisimbiso kwechisimbiso mushure mekudzokorora chiito chesimba. mutoro pazasi tembiricha inoongororwa. 5 Oiri kana yepakati kuramba Kuisa chisimbiso zvinhu mukuwedzera pakusangana nepetroleum base, kaviri esters, silicone girizi mafuta, muindasitiri yemakemikari dzimwe nguva zvakare inobata asidhi, alkali uye imwe corrosive media. Pamusoro pekuora mune iyi midhiya, pakupisa kwakanyanya kuchaitawo kuti kuwedzere uye kuderedza simba, kuderedza kuoma; Panguva imwecheteyo, plasticizer uye zvinhu zvinonyunguduka mumidziyo yekuisa chisimbiso zvinoburitswa, zvichikonzera kuderedzwa kwehuwandu, kuderedzwa kwevhoriyamu, zvichikonzera kuvuza. Kazhinji pane imwe tembiricha, mushure mekunyura mukati menguva yakati wandei, kunaka, vhoriyamu, simba, kurebesa uye kuoma kweshanduko kunotemerwa kuongorora zvakanakira uye zvinokanganisa kupikisa kwemafuta kana kuramba kwepakati kwechinhu chekuisa chisimbiso. 6 Kuramba kuchembera Kuisa chisimbiso zvinhu neokisijeni, ozone, kupisa, chiedza, unyoro, kushushikana kwemagetsi kuchakonzera kuderera kwekuita, kunozivikanwa sekuchembera kwezvinhu zvekuisa chisimbiso. Kuramba kuchembera (kunozivikanwawo semamiriro ekunze) kunogona kuratidzwa nekushanduka kwesimba, kureba uye kuoma kwemaitiro ekuchembera mushure mekuchembera. Iyo diki chiyero chekuchinja, zviri nani kuramba kuchembera. Ongorora: WATHER RESISTANCE inoreva zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki nekuda kwechiedza chezuva, shanduko yekushisa, mhepo nemvura uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze epesvedzero, uye kutaridzika kwekupera, kuparara, kuputika, hupfu uye simba kuderera uye nhevedzano yekuchembera chiitiko. Pakati pavo, ultraviolet mwaranzi ndicho chinhu chakakosha kukurudzira kuchembera kwepurasitiki. Chechipiri, zvinyorwa zvezvisimbiso zvevhavha zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinotangwa 1 Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) Iyo isinganzwisisiki copolymer yebutadiene uye acrylonitrile monomer yakagadzirwa ne emulsion polymerization. Iro molecular structure formula ndeyotevera: - (CH2-CH = CH) M - (CH2-CH2-CH) N-CN, nitrile butadiene rubber ** yakagadzirwa muGermany kare kare 1930. Iyo copolymer yebutadiene uye 25% acrylonitrile. Nekuda kwekuramba kwayo kuchembera, kupisa kupisa uye kupfeka kuramba kuri nani pane rabha rechisikigo, yakabhadharwa zvakanyanya neindasitiri yerabha. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, nekukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwezvombo nemidziyo, kudiwa kwekupisa - uye mafuta-inodzivirira nitrile rabha sezvo zvinhu zvekugadzirira hondo zvakawedzera zvakanyanya. Kusvika pari zvino, nyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzakagadzira NBR, ine goho repagore rematani 560,000, inoverengera 4.1% yepasi rose rekugadzira rabha. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwayo kwekupisa, kuramba kwemafuta uye zvivakwa zvemuchina, iko zvino yave chigadzirwa chikuru cherabha isingaite mafuta, ichiverengera 80% yekudiwa kwerabha yese isingaite mafuta. Nitrile butadiene rubber muma 1950s yaita budiriro huru, kusvika pari zvino kune anopfuura mazana matatu emhando, zvichienderana nezviri mu acrylonitrile, mu 18% ~ 50% acrylonitrile content range inogona kupatsanurwa kuita: high nitrile giredhi, 36% kusvika 41% yegiredhi renitrile yakakwira, 31% kusvika 35% yegiredhi yakakwira nitrile, 25% kusvika 30% yegiredhi yepakati nitrile, uye isingasviki 24% yegiredhi yakaderera nitrile. Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kweyakakura yakaderera nitrile giredhi nitrile -18 (yakasanganiswa neacrylonitrile ye17% ~ 20%), yepakati nitrile giredhi nitrile -26 (yakasanganiswa neacrylonitrile ye27% ~ 30%), yakakwirira nitrile giredhi butanitrile -40 (yakasanganiswa ne acrylonitrile zvinyorwa zve 36% ~ 40%). Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweacrylonitrile kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kupikisa kwemafuta uye kupisa kupisa kweNBR, asi kwete zvimwe zviri nani, nokuti kuwedzera kwezvinyorwa zveacrylonitrile kuchaderedzawo kuderera kwekushisa kwerabha. Nitrile butadiene rubber inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira petroleum based hydraulic oil, lubricating oil, parafini uye peturu mubasa rezvigadzirwa zverabha tembiricha yayo inoshanda ndeye -50-100 madhigirii; Basa renguva pfupi rinogona kushandiswa kwe150 degrees, mumhepo uye ethanol glycerin antifreeze kushanda tembiricha ye -45-100 madhigirii. Kusagadzikana kwekuchembera kwe nitrile kwakashata, kana iyo ozone yakakwira, inokurumidza kuchembera uye kuputika, uye haina kukodzera kushanda kwenguva refu mumhepo inotonhora yepamusoro, uye haigone kushanda mukudzivirira moto hydraulic mafuta ephosphate ester. General hunhu hwe nitrile butadiene rubber: (1) nitrile rubber inowanzova nhema, ruvara runogona kugadziriswa maererano nezvinodiwa nevatengi, asi hunofanira kuwedzera mamwe mari, uye zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwerabha. (2) nitrile rabha ine zai rakaora zvishoma. (3) Zvinoenderana nemafuta ekupikisa maitiro e nitrile rubber uye kushandiswa kwekushisa kwemhando yekuona kana zvinhu zvechisimbiso zviri nitrile rubber. Silicone rabha (Si kana VMQ) Iyo mutsara wepolymer ine Si-O bond unit (-Si-O-Si) sengetani huru uye organic boka seboka repadivi. Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwendege, aerospace uye mamwe maindasitiri epamberi, pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye yakaderera tembiricha inodzivirira rubber sealing materials. Kushandiswa kwekutanga kwechisikigo, butadiene, chloroprene uye mamwe rabha yakajairika haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekusimudzira maindasitiri, saka mukutanga kwema1940 muUnited States makambani maviri akatanga kuisa mukugadzirwa kwedimethyl silicone rabha, ndiyo yekutanga silicone rabha. Nyika yedu yakatsvakurudzawo zvakabudirira uye yakaiswa mukugadzirwa mukutanga kwema1960. Mushure memakumi emakore ebudiriro, akasiyana, kuita uye goho resilica gel zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Hunhu hukuru hwesilica gel: (1) kupisa kupikisa silica gel yakakwirira tembiricha kugadzikana kuita. Inogona kushandiswa pa150 ℃ kwenguva yakareba, kuita hakuzochinji zvakanyanya; Inogona kushanda kweanopfuura maawa e10,000 nguva dzose pa200 ℃, uye inogona kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi pa350 ℃. (2) Cold resistance Yakadzika phenyl silica gel uye yepakati phenyl silica gel ine yakanaka yakaderera tembiricha elasticity kana kutonhora kuramba coefficient iri pamusoro 0.65 pa -60 ℃ uye -70 ℃. Iyo tembiricha yesilica gel ndeye -50 ℃. (3) kupikisa kwemafuta uye kupikisa kwemakemikari esilica gel kune ethanol, ** uye mamwe mapolar solvents uye kushivirira kwemafuta ezvokudya zvakanaka kwazvo, zvinongokonzera kuwedzera kuduku, michina yemagetsi haizoderedzwa; Iko kushivirira kwesilica gel kune yakaderera kuwanda kweasidhi, alkali uye munyu zvakare kwakanaka. Kana yaiswa mu10% sulfuric acid solution kwemazuva manomwe, vhoriyamu shanduko yehuwandu iri pasi pe1%, uye ma mechanical properties haana kuchinjwa. Asi silica gel haidziviriri kune concentrated sulfuric acid, alkali, carbon tetrachloride uye toluene uye mamwe asiri-polar solvents. (4) kuchembera kwakasimba, silica gel ine ozone kuramba uye kuramba kwemwaranzi hakufananidzwe nerabha rakajairika. (5) Dielectric zvivakwa Silica gel ine yakanyanya vhoriyamu resistivity (1014 ~ 1016 ω cm) uye kupikisa kwayo kukosha kunoramba kwakagadzikana pamusoro pehupamhi. Inokodzera kushandiswa sechinhu chekudzivirira pasi peyakanyanya voltage mamiriro. (6) Flame retardant performance silica gel haizopisa nekukasira kana moto, uye kupisa kwayo kunogadzira gasi rine muchetura, uye zvigadzirwa mushure mekupisa zvinogadzira insulating ceramic, saka silica gel chinhu chakanakisa chinodzoreredza moto. Mukubatana nehunhu huri pamusoro apa, silica gel i**** inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi emidziyo yemagetsi inovhara kana zvikamu zverabha, senge kettle yemagetsi, iron, microwave oven rubber parts; Zvisimbiso kana zvikamu zverabha muindasitiri yemagetsi, senge makiyi enharembozha, kuvhunduka mapadhi muDVDS, zvisimbiso mumajoini etambo, nezvimwe; Zvisimbiso pamhando dzese dzezvishandiso zvinosangana nemuviri wemunhu, semabhodhoro emvura, madhishi emvura, nezvimwe. 3 Fluorine glue (FKM kana Vtion) Inozivikanwawo sefluorine elastomer, ipolima yakakwirira ine maatomu efluorine pamaatomu ecarbon. main cheni uye necheni yeparutivi. Kubva mukutanga kwema1950, United States neyaimbova Soviet Union dzakatanga kugadzira elastomers ane fluorinated. Chekutanga kuiswa mukugadzirwa iUnited States DuPont uye 3M kambani vtionA neKEL-F mushure mehafu yezana ramakore rebudiriro, fluorine elastomer mukupisa kupisa, kupikisa kwepakati, kushomeka kwekushisa uye maitiro uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawana budiriro nekukurumidza, uye yakagadzira nhevedzano. zvezvigadzirwa. Fluorine glue ine yakanakisa kupisa kupisa, ozone kuramba uye akasiyana hydraulic oiri zvivakwa. Iyo tembiricha yekushanda mumhepo ndeye -40 ~ 250 ℃, uye tembiricha yekushandisa mumafuta ehydraulic ndeye -40 ~ 180 ℃. Nekuda kwekugadzirisa, kubatana uye kuderera kwekushisa kwe fluorine rabha kwakaipa kupfuura rabha rakawanda, mutengo unodhura zvakanyanya, saka unonyanya kushandiswa mukupisa tembiricha midhiya iyo general rubber haikwanisi, asi kwete kune mamwe phosphate ester mhinduro. 4 EPDM (EPDM) Inonzi terpolymer ye ethylene, propylene uye zvishoma zvishoma zvisingabvumirwi diene alkenes. Muna 1957, Italy yakaona kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri ethylene uye propylene copolymer rubber (binary EPC rabha). Muna 1963, DuPONT yakawedzera diki diki yeunconjugated denderedzwa diene seyechitatu monomer pahwaro hwebinary ethylene propylene, uye yakagadzira yakaderera unsaturated ethylene propylene ternary ine mbiri mabhondi pane molecular cheni. Nekuti iyo molecular backbone ichiri yakazara, EPDM inochengetedza yakanakisa zvimiro zvebinary EPDM ichizadzisa chinangwa chevulcanization. Epdm rabha ine yakanakisa ozone kuramba, mune ozone concentration ye1 * 10-6 nharaunda haisati yaputika maawa 2430; Kuramba kwakanaka kwekuora: kugadzikana kwakanaka kudoro, asidhi, alkali yakasimba, oxidants, detergents, mhuka nemafuta emiriwo, ketoni, uye mamwe lipids (asi mupetroleum based fuel oil, hydraulic oil expation is serious, haigone kushanda nekusangana nemineral oil. zvakatipoteredza); Yakanakisa kupisa kupisa, inogona kushandiswa mu -60 ~ 120 ℃ tembiricha kwenguva yakareba; Iine kumira zvakanaka kwemvura uye kugona kwemagetsi ekudzivirira. Epdm rubber natural color ndeye beige, yakanaka elasticity. 5 Polyurethane elastomer Iyo ipolymer yakagadzirwa ne polyisocyanate uye polyether polyol kana polyester polyol kana / uye diki molecule polyol, polyamine kana mvura uye mamwe macheni anotambanudza kana crosslinkers. Muna 1937, Purofesa Otto Bayer wekuGermany akatanga kuona kuti polyurethane inogona kugadzirwa nekuwedzera kwepolyisocyanate uye polyol compounds, uye pachikonzero ichi, yakapinda mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Tembiricha yemhando ye polyurethane elastomer inobva -45 ℃ kusvika 110 ℃. Iyo ine yakakwira elasticity uye simba, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, mafuta kuramba, kuneta kuramba uye kushomeka kushomeka muhupamhi hwekuoma. Kunyanya yekuzora mafuta nemafuta emafuta, ine yakanaka kuzvimba kuramba uye inozivikanwa se "wear-resistant rubber". Polyurethane elastomer ine yakanakisa mashandiro akazara, yakashandiswa musimbi, peturu, mota, zvicherwa kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza mvura, machira, kudhinda, zvekurapa, mitambo, kugadzira chikafu, kuvaka uye mamwe maindasitiri. 6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Teflon (chirungu chipfupiso cheTeflon kana [PTFE,F4]), inozivikanwa se/inozivikanwa se "mambo wepurasitiki", mazita ekutengeserana ekuChina "Teflon", "Teflon" (Teflon), "Teflon", "Teflon" ", "Teflon", "Teflon" uye zvichingodaro. Yakagadzirwa ne tetrafluorethylene ne polymerization yepolymer compounds, ine yakanakisa makemikari kugadzikana, corrosion resistance (ndiyo imwe yepasi rose inodzivirira corrosion ndeye zvinhu zvakanaka, kunze kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa yesodium uye liquid fluorine, inogona kumira mamwe makemikari ose, ari kufashaira mumvura. rega haigone kuchinja, *** inoshandiswa mumhando dzese dzekuda kuramba asidhi uye alkali uye organic zvinonyungudutsa), kuvhara, kukwirisa kwakanyanya kusanamira, kuvharwa kwemagetsi uye kutsungirira kwakanaka kwekuchembera, kuramba tembiricha (inogona kushanda mukati + 250 ℃ kusvika -180 ℃ tembiricha kwenguva yakareba). Teflon pachayo haina muchetura kuvanhu, asi ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), imwe yemidziyo inoshandiswa mukugadzira, inofungidzirwa kuti inogona kuita chepfu. Tembiricha iri -20 ~ 250 ℃ (-4 ~ +482 ° F), ichibvumira kutonhora nekukasira uye nekudziya kamwe kamwe, kana kuchinjana kupisa nekutonhora kushanda. Pressure -0.1 ~ 6.4Mpa (Full vacuum kusvika 64kgf/cm2)