Ha ho na tlhaloso ea litšebeletso tse hlophisitsoeng. E ka nkoa e bua ka litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho fetola valve kapa maemo a sebetsang a fokotsang matla a ho sebetsa.
Tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea ts'ebetso molemong oa ho ntlafatsa phaello ea mafapha ohle a amehang maemong a thata a ts'ebeletso. Tsena li tloha ho oli le khase, lik'hemik'hale tsa petrole ho isa ho matla a nyutlelie le ho fehla motlakase, ho lokisa liminerale le merafo.
Baqapi le baenjiniere ba leka ho finyella pakane ena ka litsela tse fapaneng. Mokhoa o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa ke ho eketsa nako le katleho ka ho laola mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ka katleho (e kang ho koala ka katleho le ho laola phallo e ntlafetseng).
Ntlafatso ea polokeho le eona e na le karolo ea bohlokoa, hobane ho fokotsa palo ea lintho tse nchafalitsoeng ho ka lebisa tikolohong e sireletsehileng ea tlhahiso. Ho feta moo, k'hamphani e sebetsa ho fokotsa lisebelisoa (ho kenyeletsoa lipompo le li-valve) le ho lahla ho hlokahalang. Ka nako e ts'oanang, beng ba lits'ebeletso ba lebelletse phaello e kholo ea thepa ea bona. Ka hona, ho eketseha ha matla a ho sebetsa ho tla fella ka liphaephe le lisebelisoa tse fokolang (empa tse kholoanyane) le lisebelisoa tse fokolang bakeng sa phallo e tšoanang ea sehlahisoa.
Sena se bontša hore ntle le hore e be kholoanyane bakeng sa bophara ba liphaephe tse pharaletseng, likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tsamaiso li boetse li hloka ho mamella ho pepeseha ha nako e telele tikolohong e thata ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea tlhokomelo le ho nchafatsoa ha litšebeletso.
Likarolo tse kenyelletsang li-valve le li-valve li tlameha ho ba matla ho lumellana le ts'ebeliso e lakatsehang, empa li ka lelefatsa bophelo ba tsona. Leha ho le joalo, bothata bo ka sehloohong ba likopo tse ngata ke hore likarolo tsa tšepe li fihlile meeli ea ts'ebetso ea tsona. Sena se bontša hore baqapi ba ka fumana mekhoa e meng ea lisebelisoa tse se nang tšepe lits'ebetsong tse hlokang, haholo-holo lisebelisoa tsa ceramic.
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e hlokahalang ho sebelisa likarolo tlas'a maemo a thata a kenyelletsa ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso, ho hanyetsa kutu, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, ho thatafala, matla le ho tiea.
Resilience ke parameter ea bohlokoa, hobane likarolo tse sa khoneng ho mamella li ka hloleha ka mokhoa o kotsi. Ho tiea ha thepa ea ceramic ho hlalosoa e le ho hanyetsa ho phatlalatsoa ha crack. Maemong a mang, e ka lekanyetsoa ka mokhoa oa ho indentation ho fumana boleng bo phahameng ba maiketsetso. Tšebeliso ea sekoahelo sa lehlakore le le leng se ka fana ka liphetho tse nepahetseng tsa tekanyo.
Matla a amana le ho tiea, empa a bolela ntlha e le 'ngoe moo thepa e senyehang haholo ha khatello ea kelello e sebelisoa. Hangata e bitsoa "modulus of rupture", e fumanoang ka ho etsa tekanyo ea matla a ho koba ka lintlha tse tharo kapa tse 'nè holim'a molamu oa teko. Boleng ba tlhahlobo ea lintlha tse tharo ke 1% e phahameng ho feta boleng ba tlhahlobo ea lintlha tse 'nè.
Le hoja litekanyo tse ngata tse kenyelletsang ho thatafala ha Rockwell le Vickers li ka sebelisoa ho lekanya boima, Vickers microhardness scale e loketse haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic. Boima bo fetoha ka tekanyo ea ho hanyetsa ho apara ha thepa.
Li-valve tse sebetsang ka mokhoa oa cyclic, mokhathala ke ntho e amehang haholo ka lebaka la ho bula le ho koala ho tsoelang pele ha valve. Mokhathala ke monyako oa matla. Ka ntle ho moeli ona, thepa e atisa ho hlōleha ka tlas'a matla a eona a tloaelehileng a ho kobeha.
Ho hanyetsa kutu ho itšetlehile ka tikoloho ea ts'ebetso le sebaka se nang le thepa. Ntle le "ho senyeha ha hydrothermal", lisebelisoa tse ngata tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic li phahametse litšepe tšimong ena, 'me lisebelisoa tse ling tse thehiloeng ho zirconia li tla ba le "ho senyeha ha hydrothermal" ka mor'a ho pepesehela mouoane o phahameng oa mocheso.
Geometry, coefficient ea ho atolosa mocheso, conductivity ea mocheso, ho tiea le matla a likarolo li angoa ke ho sisinyeha ha mocheso. Sebaka sena se loketse ho khanna ha mocheso o phahameng le ho thatafala, kahoo likarolo tsa tšepe li ka sebetsa ka katleho. Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ea thepa ea ceramic hona joale e fana ka maemo a amohelehang a ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso.
Li-ceramics tse tsoetseng pele li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ka lilemo tse ngata' me li tumme har'a baenjiniere ba tšepahalang, baenjiniere ba limela le baqapi ba li-valve ba hlokang ts'ebetso e phahameng le boleng bo phahameng. Ho ea ka litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa kopo, e loketse mekhoa e fapaneng ea liindasteri tse fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, li-ceramics tse 'nè tse tsoetseng pele li bohlokoa haholo lefapheng la li-valve tse hlokang tlhokomelo, ho akarelletsa le silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina le zirconia. Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve le li-valve li khethoa ho latela litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa kopo.
Sephahla se sebelisa mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea zirconia, e nang le coefficient e tšoanang ea ho atolosa mocheso le ho satalla joaloka tšepe. Magnesium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) e na le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba ho tsieleha ha mocheso le ho tiea, ha yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) e thata ho feta, empa e kotsing ea ho senyeha ha hydrothermal.
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) e na le libopeho tse fapaneng. Khatello ea khase ea sintered silicon nitride (GPPSN) ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa li-valve le likarolo tsa valve. Ho phaella ho boima ba eona bo tloaelehileng, e boetse e na le boima bo phahameng le matla, ho hanyetsa mocheso o babatsehang oa mocheso le botsitso ba mocheso. Ho phaella moo, libakeng tse nang le mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, Si3N4 e ka nka sebaka sa zirconia ho thibela ho senyeha ha hydrothermal.
Ka tekanyetso e thata, concentrator e ka khetha ho SiC kapa alumina. Lisebelisoa ka bobeli li na le boima bo phahameng, empa ha li thata ho feta zirconia kapa silicon nitride. Sena se bontša hore thepa e loketse haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa likarolo tse tsitsitseng, tse kang li-valve liner le litulo tsa li-valve, ho e-na le bolo kapa disc e tlas'a khatello e phahameng.
Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse hlokang li-valve (ho kenyeletsoa ferrochrome (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy le Stellite), lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic li na le boima bo tlase le matla a tšoanang.
Lits'ebetso tse hlokang litšebeletso li kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea li-valve tsa rotary, joalo ka li-valve tsa serurubele, li-trunnions, li-valve tsa bolo tse phaphametseng le liliba. Lits'ebetsong tse joalo, Si3N4 le zirconia li na le ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso, ho thatafala le matla, 'me li ka ikamahanya le maemo a thata ka ho fetisisa. Ka lebaka la ho thatafala le ho hanyetsa ha kutu ea thepa, bophelo ba tšebeletso ea karolo ke makhetlo a 'maloa a karolo ea tšepe. Melemo e meng e kenyelletsa litšoaneleho tsa ts'ebetso nakong ea bophelo ba valve, haholo-holo libakeng tseo matla a ho khaola le ho laola a bolokiloeng.
Sena se ile sa bontšoa tabeng ea 65mm (2.6 inch) valve kynar/RTFE ball le liner e pepesehileng ho 98% sulfuric acid hammoho le ilmenite, ilmenite e fetoloa ho titanium oxide pigment. Boemo bo senyang ba mecha ea litaba bo bolela hore bophelo ba likarolo tsena bo ka nka libeke tse tšeletseng. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea spherical valve trim (e leng proprietary magnesium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ)) e entsoeng ke Nilcra!" (Setšoantšo sa 1) e na le bothata bo botle ba ho thatafala le ho thibela kutu 'me e fanoe ka lilemo tse tharo. ho taboha ho bonahalang.
Li-valve tsa mela (ho kenyeletsoa li-angle valves, throttle valves kapa globe valves), zirconia le silicon nitride li loketse li-valve le litulo tsa li-valve ka lebaka la "hard seal" ea lihlahisoa tsena. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, alumina e ka sebelisoa ka har'a linings le makokong a itseng. Ka bolo e ts'oanang holim'a selikalikoe sa setulo, ho ka finyelloa tekanyo e phahameng ea ho tiisa.
Bakeng sa konokono ea li-valve, ho kenyeletsoa spool valve, inlet le outlet kapa valve body bushing, efe kapa efe ea lisebelisoa tse 'ne tse kholo tsa ceramic e ka sebelisoa ho latela litlhoko tsa kopo. Boima bo phahameng le ho hanyetsa ho bola ha thepa ho ipakile ho le molemo mabapi le ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso.
Nka mohlala oa valve ea serurubele ea DN150 e sebelisoang sebakeng sa ho hloekisa bauxite sa Australia. Likahare tse phahameng tsa silica tse bohareng li baka maemo a phahameng a ho roala lihlahla tsa li-valve. Liner le valve disc tse sebelisitsoeng qalong li ne li entsoe ka 28% CrFe alloy mme li nkile libeke tse robeli ho isa ho tse leshome feela. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho kenngoa ha li-valve tse entsoeng ka Nilcra!" zirconia (Setšoantšo sa 2), bophelo ba tšebeletso bo ekelitsoe ho libeke tse 70.
Ka lebaka la ho tiea le matla a eona, li-ceramics li sebetsa hantle lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa valve. Leha ho le joalo, ke boima ba bona le ho hanyetsa ha kutu tse thusang ho lelefatsa bophelo ba valve. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sena se eketsa tšireletseho ka ho fokotsa nako ea ho fokotsa likarolo tse ling, ho fokotsa chelete ea ho sebetsa le thepa, ho sebetsana le matsoho a fokolang, le ho fokotsa ho lutla, kahoo ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa potoloho ea bophelo.
Ka nako e telele, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ceramic ka li-valve tse nang le khatello e phahameng e bile e 'ngoe ea lintho tse amehileng haholo, hobane li-valve tsena li tlas'a meroalo e phahameng ea axial kapa torsional. Leha ho le joalo, libapali tse kholo lebaleng lena li ntse li etsa meralo ea bolo ea li-valve e ntlafatsang ho phela ha torque ea actuation.
Khatiso e 'ngoe e kholo ke boholo. Boholo ba setulo se seholo sa valve le bolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa (Setšoantšo sa 3) se hlahisoang ke magnesia e tsitsitseng ka mokhoa o itseng zirconia ke DN500 le DN250, ka ho latellana. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tse ngata tsa morao-rao li khetha ho sebelisa li-ceramics ho etsa likarolo tseo boholo ba tsona bo sa feteng litekanyo tsena.
Le hoja hona joale ho 'nile ha pakoa hore lisebelisoa tsa ceramic li ka sebelisoa e le khetho e nepahetseng, ho ntse ho e-na le litataiso tse bonolo tse lokelang ho lateloa ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea eona. Lisebelisoa tsa ceramic li lokela ho sebelisoa pele feela haeba ho hlokahala ho fokotsa litšenyehelo. Ka hare le ka ntle ho lokela ho qoba likhutlo tse bohale le khatello ea maikutlo.
Phapang efe kapa efe e ka bang teng ea katoloso ea mocheso e tlameha ho nahanoa nakong ea moralo. E le ho fokotsa khatello ea hoop, hoa hlokahala ho boloka ceramic ka ntle ho e-na le ka hare. Qetellong, tlhokahalo ea ho mamellana ha geometri le ho qeta holimo ho lokela ho nahanoa ka hloko, kaha mamello ena e ka eketsa haholo litšenyehelo tse sa hlokahaleng.
Ka ho latela litataiso tsena le mekhoa e metle ea ho khetha lisebelisoa le ho hokahanya le barekisi ho tloha qalong ea morero, ho ka fihleloa tharollo e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e boima ea ts'ebeletso.
Tlhahisoleseding ena e nkiloe, e hlahlobiloe le ho ikamahanya le maemo ho tsoa ho thepa e fanoeng ke Morgan Advanced Materials.
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. (November 28, 2019). Lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tse tsoetseng pele tse loketseng lits'ebetso tse tebileng tsa ts'ebeletso. AZoM. E nkiloe ho tsoa ho https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305 ka la 9 Hlakubele 2021.
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tebileng tsa ts'ebeletso". AZoM. La 9 Hlakubele 2021.
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tebileng tsa ts'ebeletso". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305. (E fumaneha ka la 9 Hlakubele 2021).
Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. 2019. Lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tse tsoetseng pele tse loketseng lits'ebetso tse tebileng tsa ts'ebeletso. AZoM, nako ea ho shebella ke la 9 Hlakubele 2021, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx? ArticleID = 12305.
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Re sebelisa li-cookies ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba hau. Ka ho tsoela pele ho sheba sebaka sena sa marang-rang, u lumellana le tšebeliso ea rona ea li-cookies. Lintlha tse ling.
Nako ea poso: Mar-10-2021
