russia standard ductile iron heke valve pn16

Sistimi ea phepelo ea metsi a nang le khatello e matla ea mollo-mofuta o le mong oa mochini o chesang mollo o fanang ka metsi a mangata ho feta literaka tse tharo tsa mollo-tanka ea metsi e thibelang mollo e sebelisoa e le tanka ea ho boloka metsi haeba ho se na mochini oa mollo o fumanehang San Francisco. mokhoa o thusang oa phepelo ea metsi o sebedisoang bakeng sa tshireletso ya mollo feela. E na le sistimi ea kabo e tlatsitsoeng ka metsi a hloekileng a khatello e phahameng, a feptjoang ke matla a khoheli a tsoang tanka ea metsi le tanka e kholo ea polokelo ea metsi, mme a hokahantsoe le liteishene tse peli tsa lipompo lebopong la kou, tse khonang ho pompa metsi a letsoai ka kotloloho ho tsamaiso. Sistimi ea kabo e na le marang-rang a liphaephe tse chesang libaka tse hahelletsoeng haholo tsa toropo mme e fana ka ts'ireletso ea mollo bakeng sa sebaka se ka bang 9 1/2 square miles. E le ho sireletsa litšiea le libaka tse tletseng metsi le likou libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle, ho hahiloe likepe tse peli tse timang mollo. Likepe tsena li ka kopanngoa le mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa ka litsela tse peli tse behiloeng libakeng tse loketseng, tse lumellang likepe hore li pompe metsi a leoatle ho tloha koung ho ea tsamaisong ea kabo. Kakaretso ea litanka tsa metsi tse thibelang mollo tse 141 li ile tsa hahoa libakeng tse sa tšoaneng ho pholletsa le toropo, esita le literateng tse ka ntle ho libaka tse koahetsoeng ke tsamaiso ea lipeipi tsa khatello e phahameng. Litanka tsena tsa metsi li lokela ho bolokoa li tletse metsi a hloekileng le ho sebelisoa ntle le lipompo tsa mollo. Tsamaiso ea phepelo ea metsi bakeng sa merero ea malapeng, e ikemetseng ka ho feletseng ea tsamaiso e hlalositsoeng sehloohong sena, e hokahane le li-hydrants tse nang le khatello e tlaase ea mollo ho pholletsa le motse, kahoo e fana ka tšireletso e eketsehileng libakeng tse tletseng batho. Ho ile ha thehoa tsamaiso ea lira alamo hammoho le tsamaiso e thusang ea phepelo ea metsi, 'me setsi sa alamo ea mollo se ile sa hlongoa bohareng. Mosebetsi oa mokhoa o thusang oa phepelo ea metsi o qalile ka 1909 mme oa phethoa bofelong ba 1913 tlasa boetapele ba moenjiniere oa hajoale oa toropo MM O'Shaughnessy. Litsenyehelo tsohle tsa sistimi ke $ 5,756,000, 'me e ka boloka chelete ea inshorense selemo se seng le se seng. Chelete e feta $1,400,000. Tsamaiso ea kabo e na le lik'hilomithara tse 74.5 tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe. The tube ha e le hantle e lumellana le litlhaloso tsa New England Water Association 'me e lekoa fekthering. Ha ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea phaephe, bakeng sa sekama se seng le se seng se otlolohileng se lekantsoeng selikalikoe se ka hare sa phaephe, lilithara e le 'ngoe ea metsi e ne e lutla lihora tse ling le tse ling tse 24. Boholo ba phala bo fapana ho tloha ho lisenthimithara tse 20 ho isa ho tse 8 ka bophara, ka bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 14. Pipe ea lisenthimithara tse 8 e sebelisoa feela bakeng sa lithapo tse tsoang seterateng se seholo ho ea setsing sa mollo. Ntle le libakeng tse ling (palo ke tse 'nè), liphaephe tsohle li na le sebōpeho sa tšepe le liphaephe tsa casing. Liphaephe tse ling li behiloe mobung o tlatsitsoeng ho phetha karolo e kholo ho manonyeletso ha ho ka ba le tšisinyeho ea lefatše kapa koluoa ​​ea tšisinyeho ea lefatše. Karolo ea. Phaephe ea fatše e nang le li-double-plug e ne e behiloe libakeng tsena, e ileng ea khaoloa phala fatše e tiileng ka valve e koetsoeng. E 'ngoe ea li-valve e ne e butsoe haufi le setsi sa mollo, e leng se lumellang ho kena sebakeng seo. Kaha San Francisco e hahiloe haholo-holo holim'a letoto la maralla, e le ho ikarabella bakeng sa phapang pakeng tsa bophahamo, batho ba fumane ho hlokahala ho arola tsamaiso ka libaka tse peli, tse bitsoang "sebaka se ka holimo" le "sebaka se ka tlaase". Sebaka se ka holimo ke karolo e ka holimo ho maoto a 150 ka bophahamo, 'me sebaka se ka tlaase ke karolo e ka tlaase ho maoto a 150 ka bophahamo. Sephahla se koetsoeng sebakeng se ka holimo se khaoloa sebakeng se ka tlaase. Sebaka se seng le se seng se fanoa ka tanka ea polokelo e arohaneng. Letamo le leholo, le bitsoang Shuangfeng Reservoir, le behiloe holimo 'me le hokahane le litanka tsa polokelo sebakeng se ka holimo, sebaka se ka tlaase le sebaka se ka holimo ka pipeline e ka holimo e lebisang ka ho toba letamong. Hangata liphaephe tsena li feta ka li-valve tse koetsoeng. koala. Haeba ho na le mollo o moholo, kapa khatello e hlokoang ke mollo e kholo ho feta khatello e fanoang ke bophahamo ba tanka ea mafura, u ka e bula. Moo lipeipi li tšelang mateanong a literata, ho behoa li-valve tse 'nè, e le 'ngoe holim'a phaephe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea thepa, e le hore boloko leha e le bofe bo ka khaoha karolong e 'ngoe ea tsamaiso ha ho ka ba le tšitiso. Ho na le li-fire hydrants tsa 907 tsamaisong, 'me mochine o mong le o mong oa mollo o na le liphahlo tse 3 tse nang le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 3 1/2, tseo tse peli tsa tsona li fokotsoang ho 3 cm ka bophara. Ka karolelano khatello ea mochine oa mollo sebakeng se ka holimo ke lik'hilograma tse 130. Ka inch square, 143 liponto sebakeng se ka tlase. Ka lisenthimithara tse lisekoere. Belofo ke kutu e tšoanang ea sefahleho sa disc e sa phahamang, lesela la boronse, le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 2 ho feta mefuta e mengata e nang le boholo bo fetang lisenthimithara tse 10. Li-valve tsa 16-inch le 18-inch li na le 3-inch le 4-inch bypass valves, ka ho latellana, 'me li ka behoa ka holimo kapa ka holimo. Helmete le valve ea bypass e hlokahalang bakeng sa boemo bo otlolohileng li fapane le tsa boemo bo otlolohileng. Beha li-valve tse nang le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse fetang 10 mekoting ea konkreite e tiisitsoeng, kenya li-valve tsa 8-inch le 10-inch ka tlas'a lefatše, moo li-valve tsa 8-inch li nang le liphahamiso tse 6-inch, 'me li-10-inch ke li-cones tsa konkreite Riser. Ho na le letamo la polokelo le nkang lilithara tse 10,000,000 ho Twin Peaks. Metsi a bophahamo ba limithara tse 758. E na le sebopeho sa oval se nang le axis ea maoto a 375 le maoto a 280. Moepa o lehlakoreng ke tse peli ka tsela e tšekaletseng le e 'ngoe ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng,' me botebo ba metsi ke maoto a 25. Mahlakore le tlase li na le matlapa a konkreite a matlafalitsoeng, 'me ho na le manonyeletso a ho atolosa pakeng tsa letlapa le leng le le leng. E arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli tse lekanang ka lerako la karohano ea konkreite e matlafalitsoeng, e nang le litšehetso tse matla lehlakoreng ka leng. Kou e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le kou e ikemetseng e ka pele le phaposi ea heke. Likou tse peli tse ka pele li hokahane ka phala ea lisenthimithara tse 20 e nang le heke pheletsong ka 'ngoe. Likamore tse peli tsa linotlolo li kopantsoe ka phala ea lisenthimithara tse 20, e nang le valve ea heke qetellong ka 'ngoe. Kamore e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le phala ea 20-inch e etellang pele ho tloha phala ho ea tanka ea polokelo ea sebaka se ka holimo le sebaka. Leha ho le joalo, li khaotsoe tsamaisong ea kabo ka li-valve tse koalang liphaepheng tsena tsa lisenthimithara tse 20 'me li buloa feela maemong a tšohanyetso. Tanka ea polokelo e tlatsitsoe ho tloha tanka e ka holimo ea polokelo ka lipompo tse peli tsa motlakase tsa centrifugal tse teng ka tanka e ka holimo ea polokelo, 'me pompo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea centrifugal e na le matla a lilithara tse 700 ka motsotso. Sena hangata se bitsoa Asbury Heights Tank 'me se Seterateng sa Asbury lipakeng tsa 17th le 18th Streets. Ke sebopeho sa poleiti ea tšepe holim'a motheo oa konkreite o matlafalitsoeng ka bophara ba maoto a 55, bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 29 1/2 inch, le bokhoni ba lilithara tse 500,000. Bophahamo ba metsi ke limithara tse 493.5. Liphaephe tse tharo tsa 18-inch li etella pele ho tloha phaepheng ena ho ea tsamaisong ea libaka tse ka holimo 'me li tlatsitsoe tlas'a matla a khoheli ka phala ea 6-inch e hoketsoeng tanka ea polokelo ea Clarendon Heights ea Khampani ea Spring Valley Water. Heke ea konkreite e matlafalitsoeng e teng ka pel'a tanka ea metsi. Sena se boetse se tsejoa e le Jones Street Tank 'me se pakeng tsa Jones Street, Sacramento le Clay Street. Ke mohaho oa konkreite o matlafalitsoeng o nang le matla a lilithara tse 750,000. Bophahamo bo ka hare ke maoto a 60 'me bophahamo ke 35 maoto a 10 inches. Bophahamo ba metsi ke limithara tse 369. Sebaka se ka tlase se fanoa ho tloha tanka ea metsi ka liphaephe tse peli tsa 18-inch. Haeba ho hlokahala, tanka ea metsi e ka fetisoa 'me sebaka se ka tlaase se ka fanoa ho tloha sebakeng se ka holimo. Tanka ea polokelo e ile ea tlala matla a khoheli ka phala ea 6-inch e tsoang tanka ea polokelo ea Clay Street ea Khampani ea Metsi ea Spring Valley. Ho ne ho e-na le setsi sa basebetsi ba konkreite se matlafalitsoeng le tanka ea metsi, 'me ho ne ho e-na le ramollo. Seteishene sena se Seterateng sa Second le Townsend haufi le pheletso e ka boroa ea sistimi ea kabo mme se etselitsoe ho pompa metsi a letsoai ho tloha koung ho ea ho sistimi. Mohaho ke mohaho o matlafalitsoeng oa konkreite. E hahiloe holim'a mafika a tiileng 'me e etselitsoe ho mamella litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, ho boleloa hore ke mohaho o matla ka ho fetisisa San Francisco. E na le lihlopha tse 'nè tsa lipompo tsa turbo tse nang le mekhahlelo e mengata, tse hokahaneng ka ho toba le 750-horsepower Curtis mofuta o rapameng oa mouoane o sa tsitseng. Mochine o mong le o mong oa turbine o na le matla a tiiselitsoeng a lilithara tse 2700 le matla a sebele a lilithara tse 3,000 tsa brine ka motsotso. Hlooho e boima ba liponto tse 300. Ka lisenthimithara tse lisekoere. Pompo e fanoa ka kotopo ea konkreite e matlafalitsoeng e nang le bophara ba limithara tse 6, e qalang ho tloha koung. Boema-kepe ba ho monya ba pompo bo bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 12 le hlooho ea maoto a 15. Li ntšoa ka ho toba tsamaisong ea sebaka se tlaase ka liphaephe tse peli tsa 20-inch. Ho na le kakaretso ea liboiler tse robeli tsa 350 HP Babcock & Wilcox. Li-boilers tsena li kenngoa ka har'a libeteri tse 'nè, tseo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e nang le li-boilers tse peli' me e koaletsoe ka har'a sebaka se thibelang moea sa litene le tšepe. Betri e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e hokahane le chimele ea konkreite e matlafalitsoeng e arohaneng, e bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 68 le maoto a 90 ka holim'a mokato oa ntlwana. Li-boilers tsena li sebelisetsoa ho chesa oli ea mafura, 'me ho na le tanka ea ho boloka oli e nang le matla a libarele tse 2,000 tlas'a seterata ka ntle ho mohaho. Mokato o ka tlase o chekiloe ka botebo bo loketseng ho fana ka litanka tse tšeletseng tsa metsi tsa konkreite tse matlafalitsoeng tse khutlonnetsepa tse etsang ts'ehetso ea mokato oa kamore ea ho futhumatsa metsi le ho fana ka lilithara tse 1,000,000 tsa metsi a hloekileng bakeng sa boiler. Metsi a hloekileng le polokelo ea mafura e fanoeng e lekane ho tsamaisa sebaka sohle sa mosebetsi bakeng sa lihora tse 96. Seteishene se fumaneha Black Point ho Fort Mason, pheletsong e ka leboea ea sistimi ea kabo. Thepa e batla e tšoana le ea seteishene sa pele, ntle le hore ho sebelisoa boiler ea Stirling sebakeng sa boiler ea Babcock & Wilcox. Etella pele liphaephe tse peli tsa 20-inch ho tloha seteisheneng, e 'ngoe e lebisang sebakeng se ka holimo' me e 'ngoe e lebisa sebakeng se ka tlaase. Tsamaiso eohle e lula e tletse metsi a hloekileng tlas'a khatello e phahameng. Ha ho ka ba le mollo, lienjine, likariki tsa hose, lihakisi, lilere le litora tsa metsi, lisebelisoa tsohle tse tsamaisoang ka enjene li lokela ho araba mohala. Lebaka leo ka lona enjene e arabelang pitso ke ka lebaka la hore lipompo tsa mollo tsa Khampani ea Spring Valley Water li koahela sebaka seo ka ho feletseng ho feta liphaephe tsa mollo tsa tsamaiso e phahameng ea khatello ea mollo. Ka hona, hangata ho fumanoa hore ho sebelisa li-hydrants tsena tse tlaase ho bonolo ho sebelisa mochine oa mollo le ho sebelisa enjene. Ho e-na le ho tlosa boloko bo le bong kapa ho feta seterateng le ho sebelisa lipompo tsa metsi tse nang le khatello e matla. Hose trolley e sebelisoang e na le betri ea lisebelisoa, kahoo ha ho hlokahale hore u sebelise trolley ea betri. Ha u sebelisa mochini o thibelang mollo o nang le khatello e phahameng, qala ka ho hokahanya valve ea ho fokotsa khatello le phallo ea metsi a mollo. Hangata valve e behiloe ho lik'hilograma tse 120. Khatello, sena se tla hlahisa liponto tse ka bang 90 tsa khatello ea nozzle. Hose e bolelele ba limithara tse 200. Setsi sa mollo se nang le khatello e phahameng se tla ba le metsi a mangata tlas'a khatello ho feta literaka tse tharo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa mollo motseng oo. Sena se finyelloa ka ho sebelisoa ha valve e fokotsang khatello, e nang le liphahlo tse peli tse tsoang ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea liphaephe tse tharo tsa mollo oa mollo, 'me liphaephe tse peli tse tsoang ho tsona li fanoa ka khokahanyo e kopanetsoeng, e le hore mochine o le mong oa mollo oa 8 o hlahisoe, 1 1 /4 litsoe ka bophara. Boima ba nozzle ke lik'hilograma tse 100. Khatello ea nozzle e ka fumana lilithara tse 2290 ka motsotso ho tloha mochining oa mollo, ha o bapisoa le lilithara tse 2250 ka motsotso bakeng sa literaka tse tharo tsa mollo. Setsing sa Pumping No. 1, sete se le seng sa boilers se lula se le tlas'a khatello ea mouoane, 'me li-boilers tse setseng li ka kenngoa ts'ebetsong ka metsotso e 30. Leha ho le joalo, feela ha ho e-na le mollo o moholo kapa tšisinyeho e matla ea lefatše, e lateloa ke mollo o moholo, ho lokela ho sebelisoa brine setsing sa ho pompa kapa sekepe sa ho tima mollo. Haeba mollo o moholo o hlaha sebakeng se ka tlaase, li-valve tsa heke tse le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata li ka buloa ho hlahisa lik'hilograma tse 214 tsa khatello sebakeng se ka tlaase,' me tsamaiso ea sebaka se ka tlaase e ka kopanngoa ka ho toba le liphaephe tse sebakeng se ka holimo. Ka inch square, kapa e ka kopanngoa le letamo le habeli la tlhōrō ka tsela e ts'oanang, khatello ea tlhōrō ke lik'hilograma tse 328. Ka lisenthimithara tse lisekoere sebakeng se ka tlase. Lebokose la alamo ea mollo le teng seterateng, e le hore basebetsi ba laolang mollo ba ka romela telegraph ka ho toba ho balebeli ba litanka le matamo. Ha palo e nyane ea metsi e huloa ka khokahano ea mollo A (mohlala, metsi a seng makae ho feta litlhoko tsa sefafatsi), metsi a tla phalla ka metered bypass B hobane ho hanyetsa tsela ena ho tlase ho feta ho hanyetsa ha disc C ea valve ea alamo. . E, bongata bo tla ngoloa ho meter ea metsi D. Leha ho le joalo, ha phallo ea tsamaiso e ntse e eketseha, ho hanyetsa ho pota-pota ho tla ba ho hoholo hoo ho qobellang metsi ka valve ea alamo. Tabeng ena, sephahla sa valve ka valve ea alamo se tla phahama, kahoo se bula sekepe sa G ka tube e nyenyane H. Kamore ea moea J e behoa holim'a tube ho hlokomela hamore ea metsi le ho sebetsa e le kamore ea ho fokotsa ho thibela leshano. dialamo. Joale, phala ea H e hokahane le tekanyo ea khatello ea ho rekota K. Ha sekontiri sa valve holim'a valve ea alamo se khutlela setulong sa valve, mokoko M o boloka phala ea ho qeta karolo e itseng e koetsoeng L e lokollang khatello ea phala H. Ka hona, rekota e tlaleha nako eo metsi a phallang ka valve ea alamo. Pipe e nyane ea N e hlahisoa ka ntle ho phala ea H, 'me e hokahane le sekhechana sa potoloho kapa enjene ea metsi. Ha metsi a pipe N a phahama, mochine oa potoloho kapa motlakase oa metsi o tla sebetsa, kahoo a fane ka alamo ea mollo. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, tsamaiso e na le likarolo tse 'nè tse hahiloeng holim'a mobu o tletseng,' me karolo ka 'ngoe e na le valve e bulehileng. Ha ho e-na le tšisinyeho ea lefatše e matla, ho kgothaletswa ho koala li-valve tsena tse bulehileng. Haeba ho na le mollo sebakeng seo, teraka ea mollo e tla leka ho hlahloba ka tanka ea metsi a mollo. Sena se nka hore tsamaiso ea phepelo ea metsi malapeng ha e sebetse. Hang ha mollo o tima libakeng tse ling motseng, bo-ralitima-mollo ba khaotsoeng mollong ba tla lebisa tlhokomelo ea bona sebakeng se bulehileng ’me ba tla etella pele mela e melelele ea liphaepe ho tsoa liphaepeng tsa mollo le litima-mollo sebakeng se tiileng se haufi. E le ho tima mello libakeng tsena, ho hlongoa liketsoana tsa mollo pel’a metsi. E le ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa ts'ireletso ea mollo, tsamaiso ea phepelo ea metsi e tlameha ho kenngoa Camp Sherman e Circleville, Ohio. Lintlafatso li tla kenyelletsa ho beha mehloli e meng ea matla mohahong o mong le o mong le ho emisa lipeipi tse emeng ka khatello ea metsi ea liponto tse 90.