Pampiri ena e kenyelletsa mehopolo ea tekheniki ea nts'etsopele ea li-valve tsa electroplating

Pampiri ena e hlahisa maikutlo a botekgeniki ea nts'etsopele ea li-valve tsa electroplating Li-yuan tse tharo tsa ethylene propylene fire pipe card ho tiisa lesale la rabara, 63-65 Shaw A, 15MPA, khatello e sa khaotseng e ka tlaase ho 25% ea moralo oa motsoako o theko e boima. Ho tiisa metsi (khase, mokelikeli) ke theknoloji e akaretsang e hlokahalang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri, eseng feela kaho, petrochemical, shipbuilding, mechine ea ho etsa mechine, matla, lipalangoang, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le liindasteri tse ling li ke ke tsa etsa ntle le ho tiisa theknoloji, sefofane, sefofane le tse ling tse ka pele. liindasteri li amana haufi-ufi le theknoloji ea ho tiisa. Tšimo ea ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea ho tiisa e tsoetse pele haholo. Lisebelisoa tsohle tse kenyelletsang ho boloka metsi, lipalangoang le ho fetola matla li na le mathata a ho tiisa. Ntlha ea pele, fumana matšoao a ts'ebetso ea melemo le melemo ea thepa ea ho tiisa 1 Thepa ea tensile Thepa ea tensile ke thepa ea pele e lokelang ho nahanoa bakeng sa thepa ea ho tiisa, ho kenyelletsa le matla a tsitsitseng, khatello ea nako e telele ea ho lelefatsa, elongation nakong ea khefu le deformation ea nako e telele nakong ea khefu. Matla a ho tiea ke khatello e batlang e le kholo ea sampole ho tloha ho tensile ho ea ho fracture. Khatello e sa feleng ea elongation (contant elongation modulus) ke khatello e fihlelletsoeng ka bolelele bo boletsoeng. Elongation ke deformation ea mohlala tlas'a matla a boletsoeng, 'me ke karo-karolelano ea keketseho ea bolelele ho bolelele ba pele. Elongation nakong ea khefu ke ho lelefatsa ha mohlala nakong ea khefu. The deformation e telele ea tensile ke deformation e setseng pakeng tsa matšoao ka mor'a ho robeha ho thata. 2 ho thatafala Ho thata ho bontša bokhoni ba thepa ea ho tiisa ho hanyetsa matla a ka ntle ho thepa ea ho tiisa, hape ke e 'ngoe ea thepa ea motheo ea thepa ea ho tiisa. Ho thatafala ha thepa ho amana le thepa e 'ngoe ho isa tekanyong e itseng. Ha boima bo phahame, matla a maholo, ho lelefatsa ho fokotseha, ho molemo ho hanyetsa ho apara, 'me ho mpefala ha mocheso o tlase o hanyetsa. 3 Ts'ebetso ea compression Litiiso tsa Rubber hangata li maemong a petelitsoeng. Ka lebaka la viscoelasticity ea lisebelisoa tsa rabara, khatello e tla fokotseha ha nako e ntse e hatelloa, e bonahalang e le ho phomola ha khatello ea kelello. Ka mor'a ho tlosa khatello, e ke ke ea khutlela sebopeho sa pele, se bonahalang e le deformation ea compression ka nako e telele. Ketsahalo ena e totobetse haholoanyane mocheso o phahameng le oli ea oli, e amanang ka ho toba le ho tšoarella ha bokhoni ba ho tiisa sehlahisoa sa ho tiisa. 4 Ts'ebetso ea mocheso o tlase Ho lekanya litšobotsi tsa mocheso o tlase oa litiiso tsa rabara, ho hlahisoa mekhoa e 'meli e latelang ea ho lekola ts'ebetso ea mocheso o tlase: (1) Mocheso o tlase oa mocheso o tlase: thepa ea ho tiisa e otlolloa ho isa bolelele bo itseng, ebe e ts'oaroa, e pholile kapele. ho tlase ho batang mocheso, fihla tekano, lokolla sekhechana sa teko, 'me ka tekanyo e itseng ea mocheso, rekota mokhoa oa ho khutlisa 10%, 30%, 50% le 70% ea mocheso ho TR10, TR30, TR50, TR70. Tekanyetso ea thepa e nka TR10 e le index, e amanang le mocheso o brittle oa rabara. (2) Mocheso o fokolang oa mocheso: ka mor'a hore sampole e hoamisitsoe ka nako e behiloeng ka mocheso o tlase o boletsoeng, e kobeha ka mokhoa o lumellanang ho ea ka Angle e boletsoeng, le melemo le melemo ea bokhoni ba tiiso ea tiiso ka mor'a ketso e pheta-phetoang ea matla. mojaro ka mocheso tlaase li batlisisoa. 5 Oli kapa khanyetso e mahareng Lisebelisoa tsa ho tiisa ho kenyelletsa ho kopana le setsi sa petroleum, li-esters tse peli, oli ea mafura a silicone, indastering ea lik'hemik'hale ka linako tse ling li kopana le acid, alkali le mecha e meng e senyang. Ho phaella ho kutu mecheng ena ea litaba, mocheso o phahameng o tla boela o lebise ho atolosoa le ho fokotsa matla, ho fokotsa boima; Ka nako e ts'oanang, polasetiki le lisebelisoa tse qhibilihang ka har'a thepa ea ho tiisa li ntšoa, e leng se fellang ka ho fokotsa boima, ho fokotsa molumo, ho baka ho lutla. Ka kakaretso ka mocheso o itseng, ka mor'a ho koloba ka makhetlo a 'maloa, boleng, molumo, matla, bolelele le boima ba phetoho li ikemiselitse ho hlahloba melemo le mathata a ho hanyetsa oli kapa ho hanyetsa ha thepa ea ho tiisa. 6 Ho hanyetsa botsofali Ho tiisa thepa ka oksijene, ozone, mocheso, leseli, mongobo, khatello ea mechine e tla baka ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso, ho tsejoang e le ho tsofala ha thepa ea ho tiisa. Ho hanyetsa botsofali (hape ho tsejoa e le ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo) ho ka bontšoa ka phetoho ea matla, bolelele le ho thatafala ha mokhoa oa ho tsofala ka mor'a ho tsofala. Ha lebelo la phetoho le le lenyenyane, ho molemo ho hanyetsa botsofali. Tlhokomeliso: WATHER RESISTANCE e bolela lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki ka lebaka la khanya ea letsatsi, liphetoho tsa mocheso, moea le pula le maemo a mang a ka ntle a ts'usumetso, le ponahalo ea ho fela, ho senyeha ha mebala, ho phunyeha, phofo le ho fokotseha ha matla le letoto la liketsahalo tsa botsofali. Har'a bona, mahlaseli a ultraviolet ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ea ho khothalletsa botsofali ba polasetiki. Ea bobeli, lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo li hlahisoa 1 Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) Ke copolymer e sa tloaelehang ea butadiene le acrylonitrile monomer e entsoeng ka emulsion polymerization. Mokhoa oa eona oa sebopeho sa limolek'hule o tjena: - (CH2-CH=CH) M - (CH2-CH2-CH) N-CN, rabara ea nitrile butadiene ** e ile ea ntlafatsoa Jeremane ka 1930. Ke copolymer ea butadiene le 25% acrylonitrile. Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa botsofali, ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho apara ho hanyetsa ho molemo ho feta rabara ea tlhaho, e lebisitsoe tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ke indasteri ea rabara. Nakong ea Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše, ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea libetsa le lisebelisoa, tlhokahalo ea mocheso - le rabara ea nitrile e thibelang oli ha thepa ea ho itokisetsa ntoa e ile ea eketseha haholo. Ho fihlela joale, linaha tse fetang 20 li hlahisitse NBR, e nang le tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse 560,000, e leng karolo ea 4.1% ea rabara eohle ea maiketsetso ea lefatše. Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mocheso o babatsehang, ho hanyetsa oli le thepa ea mechine, hona joale e se e le sehlahisoa se ka sehloohong sa rabara e hanyetsanang le oli, e etsang karolo ea 80% ea tlhokahalo ea rabara eohle e hanyetsanang le oli. Rabara ea Nitrile butadiene lilemong tsa bo-1950 e entse tsoelo-pele e kholo, ho fihlela joale ho na le lihlahisoa tse fetang 300, ho ea ka litaba tsa acrylonitrile, ka 18% ~ 50% acrylonitrile content range e ka aroloa ka: Litaba tsa acrylonitrile e ne e le 42% bakeng sa ho fetisisa kereiti e phahameng ea nitrile, 36% ho isa ho 41% bakeng sa kereiti e phahameng ea nitrile, 31% ho isa ho 35% bakeng sa kereiti e phahameng ea nitrile, 25% ho isa ho 30% bakeng sa kereiti ea nitrile e mahareng, le tlase ho 24% bakeng sa kereiti e tlase ea nitrile. Tšebeliso ea indasteri ea palo e batlang e le khōlō ke e tlaase ea nitrile grade nitrile -18 (e kopantsoeng le acrylonitrile content ea 17% ~ 20%), nitrile e bohareng ea sehlopha sa nitrile -26 (e kopantsoe le acrylonitrile content ea 27% ~ 30%), high nitrile grade butanitrile -40 (e kopantsoe le litaba tsa acrylonitrile tsa 36% ~ 40%). Keketseho ea lihlahisoa tsa acrylonitrile e ka ntlafatsa haholo ho hanyetsa oli le mocheso oa mocheso oa NBR, empa ha ho molemo ho feta, hobane ho eketseha ha lihlahisoa tsa acrylonitrile ho tla boela ho fokotse ts'ebetso e tlaase ea mocheso oa rabara. Nitrile butadiene rabara e sebelisoa haholo-holo ha ho etsoa oli ea hydraulic e entsoeng ka petroleum, oli e tlotsang, parafine le peterole mosebetsing oa lihlahisoa tsa rabara mocheso oa eona o sebetsang ke likhato tse -50-100; Mosebetsi oa nakoana o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa likhato tse 150, moeeng le ethanol glycerin antifreeze mocheso o sebetsang oa likhato tse -45-100. Ho hanyetsa botsofali ba nitrile ho fosahetse, ha mahloriso a ozone a phahame, a tla tsofala ka potlako le ho phunyeha, 'me ha a tšoanelehe bakeng sa mosebetsi oa nako e telele moeeng o phahameng oa mocheso, leha e le hore o ke ke oa sebetsa ho hanyetsa mollo oli ea hydraulic ea phosphate ester. Litšobotsi tse akaretsang tsa 'mele oa rabara ea nitrile butadiene: (1) rabara ea nitrile hangata e ntšo,' mala o ka fetoloa ho latela litlhoko tsa bareki, empa o tlameha ho eketsa litšenyehelo tse ling, 'me o ka ama ts'ebeliso ea rabara. (2) rabara ea nitrile e na le tatso ea lehe le bolileng hanyane. (3) Ho ea ka litšobotsi tsa ho hanyetsa oli tsa rabara ea nitrile le tšebeliso ea mocheso oa mocheso ho fumana hore na thepa ea tiiso ke rabara ea nitrile. Rabara ea silicone (Si kapa VMQ) Ke polymer e nang le mela e nang le Si-O bond unit (-Si-O-Si) e le ketane e kholo le sehlopha sa manyolo e le sehlopha sa mahlakoreng. Ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea lifofane, lifofane le liindasteri tse ling tse ka pele, ho na le tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea mocheso o phahameng le lisebelisoa tsa ho tiisa rabara tse thibelang mocheso o tlase. Tšebeliso ea pele ea tlhaho, butadiene, chloroprene le rabara e meng e akaretsang ha e khone ho finyella litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri, kahoo mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1940 United States lik'hamphani tse peli li ile tsa qala ho kenya tlhahiso ea rabara ea dimethyl silicone, ke rabara ea pele ea silicone. Naha ea rona e ile ea boela ea etsa lipatlisiso ka katleho le ho kenya tlhahiso mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1960. Kamora lilemo tse mashome tsa nts'etsopele, mefuta e fapaneng, ts'ebetso le chai ea gel ea silica e ntlafalitsoe haholo. Litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa silika gel: (1) mocheso ho hanyetsa silika gel e phahameng mocheso botsitso tshebetso. E ka sebelisoa ho 150 ℃ nako e telele, ts'ebetso e ke ke ea fetoha haholo; E ka sebetsa lihora tse fetang 10,000 e sa khaotse ho 200 ℃, 'me e ka sebelisoa nako e khuts'oane ho 350 ℃. (2) Cold resistance Geli e tlase ea phenyl silica le gel e mahareng ea phenyl silica e na le elasticity e ntle ea mocheso o tlase ha mocheso oa ho hanyetsa o batang o le ka holimo ho 0.65 ho -60 ℃ le -70 ℃. Mocheso o akaretsang oa gel ea silica ke -50 ℃. (3) ho hanyetsa oli le lik'hemik'hale tsa silika gel ho ethanol, ** le li-solvents tse ling tsa polar le mamello ea oli ea lijo li ntle haholo, li baka feela katoloso e nyenyane, thepa ea mechine e ke ke ea fokotseha; Mamello ea gel ea silika ho khatello e tlase ea acid, alkali le letsoai le eona e ntle. Ha e kenngoa ka 10% ea tharollo ea sulfuric acid bakeng sa matsatsi a 7, sekhahla sa phetoho ea molumo se ka tlase ho 1%, 'me thepa ea mochine ha e fetohe. Empa gel ea silica ha e hanyetse ho concentrated sulfuric acid, alkali, carbon tetrachloride le toluene le li-solvents tse ling tse seng polar. (4) khanyetso e matla ea botsofali, gel ea silika e na le khanyetso e hlakileng ea ozone le ho hanyetsa mahlaseli ha ho bapisoa le rabara e tloaelehileng. (5) Thepa ea dielectric Gelisi ea silika e na le molumo o phahameng haholo oa resistivity (1014 ~ 1016 ω cm) 'me boleng ba eona ba ho hanyetsa bo lula bo tsitsitse ho feta mefuta e mengata. E loketse ho sebelisoa e le thepa ea ho kenya letsoho tlas'a maemo a phahameng a motlakase. (6) Gel ea silika e thibelang malakabe e ke ke ea chesa hang-hang ha ho chesa, 'me ho tuka ha eona ho hlahisa khase e chefo e fokolang,' me lihlahisoa ka mor'a ho tuka li tla theha ceramic e sireletsang, kahoo gel ea silika ke ntho e babatsehang e thibelang mollo. Hammoho le litšobotsi tse ka holimo, silica gel ke *** * sebelisoa ka ntlo lisebelisoa tsa motlakase indasteri litiiso kapa likarolo rabara, tse kang kettle motlakase, tšepe, microwave likarolo rabara ka ontong; Litiiso kapa likarolo tsa rabara indastering ea elektroniki, joalo ka linotlolo tsa mehala ea thelefono, li-pads tse tšosang ka li-DVD, litiiso tsa likhokahano tsa cable, joalo-joalo; Litiiso holim'a mefuta eohle ea lisebelisoa tse amanang le 'mele oa motho, joalo ka libotlolo tsa metsi, lisebelisuoa tsa metsi, joalo-joalo. ketane e kholo le ketane ea mahlakoreng. Ho tloha mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1950, United States le naha eo pele e neng e le Soviet Union li ile tsa qala ho hlahisa li-elastomer tse nang le fluorinated. Ea pele e kentsoeng tlhahiso ke United States DuPont le 3M company's vtionA le KEL-F ka mor'a lilemo tse mashome a mahlano tsa tsoelo-pele, fluorine elastomer ka mocheso o hanyetsanang le mocheso, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa mocheso o tlase le ts'ebetso le likarolo tse ling li fihletse tsoelo-pele e potlakileng, 'me li thehile letoto. ea lihlahisoa. Sekhomaretsi sa Fluorine se na le khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso, ho hanyetsa ozone le mefuta e mengata ea oli ea hydraulic. Mocheso o sebetsang moeeng ke -40 ~ 250 ℃, 'me mocheso o sebetsang ka oli ea hydraulic ke -40 ~ 180 ℃. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya le mocheso o tlase oa rabara ea fluorine e mpe ho feta rabara e tloaelehileng, theko e theko e boima haholo, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo mecheng ea mocheso o phahameng oo rabara e tloaelehileng e sa khoneng ho e etsa, empa eseng bakeng sa tharollo ea phosphate ester. 4 EPDM (EPDM) Ke terpolymer ea ethylene, propylene le palo e nyenyane ea diene alkenes e sa tsitsang. Ka 1957, Italy e ile ea hlokomela tlhahiso ea indasteri ea ethylene le propylene copolymer rabara (binary EPC rabara). Ka 1963, DuPONT e ile ea eketsa palo e nyane ea "circular diene" e sa kopaneng e le monoma ea boraro motheong oa binary ethylene propylene, 'me ea etsa "low unsaturated ethylene propylene ternary" e nang le li-bond tse peli holim'a ketane ea molek'hule. Hobane mokokotlo oa limolek'hule o ntse o tletse, EPDM e boloka thepa e babatsehang ea binary EPDM ha e ntse e finyella morero oa vulcanization. Epdm rabara e na le khanyetso e ntle ea ozone, tikolohong ea ozone ea 1 * 10-6 tikolohong e ntse e sa putlama lihora tse 2430; Ho hanyetsa kutu e ntle: botsitso bo botle ba joala, asiti, alkali e matla, li-oxidants, li-detergents, oli ea liphoofolo le meroho, li-ketones, le lipids tse ling (empa ka oli ea oli e thehiloeng ho peterole, katoloso ea oli ea hydraulic e tebile, ha e khone ho kopana le oli ea diminerale. tikoloho); Ho hanyetsa mocheso o babatsehang, ho ka sebelisoa mocheso oa -60 ~ 120 ℃ nako e telele; E na le bokhoni bo botle ba ho thibela metsi le matla a ho kenya motlakase. 'Mala oa tlhaho oa rabara oa Epdm ke beige, elasticity e ntle. 5 Polyurethane elastomer Ke polymer e entsoeng ka polyisocyanate le polyether polyol kapa polyester polyol kapa / le molek'hule e nyenyane polyol, polyamine kapa metsi le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ketane kapa li-crosslinkers. Ka 1937, Moprofesa Otto Bayer oa Jeremane o ile a qala ho fumana hore polyurethane e ka hlahisoa ka ho eketsoa ha metsoako ea polyisocyanate le polyol, 'me motheong ona, e kene ts'ebetsong ea indasteri. Mocheso oa mocheso oa polyurethane elastomer o tloha ho -45 ℃ ho ea ho 110 ℃. E na le elasticity e phahameng le matla, khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala, ho hanyetsa oli, ho hanyetsa mokhathala le ho hanyetsa ho tsieleha ka mefuta e mengata ea boima. Haholo-holo bakeng sa ho tlotsa oli le oli ea mafura, e na le khanyetso e ntle ea ho ruruha 'me e tsejoa e le "rabara e thibelang ho roala". Polyurethane elastomer e na le ts'ebetso e phethahetseng e felletseng, e sebelisitsoe ho metallurgy, petroleum, likoloi, ts'ebetso ea liminerale, ho boloka metsi, masela, khatiso, bongaka, lipapali, ho lokisa lijo, kaho le likarolo tse ling tsa indasteri. 6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Teflon ( khutsufatso ea Senyesemane Teflon kapa [PTFE,F4]), e tsejoa ka tloaelo e le "morena oa polasetiki", mabitso a khoebo a China "Teflon", "Teflon" (Teflon), "Teflon", "Teflon" ", "Teflon", "Teflon" joalo-joalo. E entsoe ka tetrafluorethylene ka polymerization ea metsoako ea polymer, e nang le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa kutu (ke e 'ngoe ea ho hanyetsa kutu ea lefats'e ke lisebelisoa tse batlang li le molemo, ho phaella ho tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ea sodium le fluorine ea metsi, e ka mamella lik'hemik'hale tse ling kaofela, tse belang ka metsing. rega e ke ke ea fetoha, *** e sebelisoa ka mefuta eohle ea tlhokahalo ea ho hanela asiti le alkali le li-solvents tsa manyolo), ho tiisoa, ho tlotsa mafura a mangata a sa khomarele, ho kenya motlakase le mamello e ntle ea ho tsofala, ho hanyetsa mocheso o motle (o ka sebetsa ho + 250 ℃ ho -180 ℃ mocheso ka nako e telele). Teflon ka boeona ha e chefo ho batho, empa ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse tala tse sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, ho nahanoa hore e ka ba chefo. Thempereichara ke -20 ~ 250 ℃ (-4 ~ +482 ° F), e lumellang ho phola ka tšohanyetso le ho futhumala ha tšohanyetso, kapa ho fapanyetsana ts'ebetso e chesang le e batang. Khatello -0.1 ~ 6.4Mpa (Vacuum e feletseng ho 64kgf/cm2)