Iteknoloji yokufakela: umbhobho webhoyili wofakelo lombhobho wofakelo lombhobho wofakelo kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kula manqaku mathathu alandelayo

Itekhnoloji yokufakela: umbhobho webhoyila wofakelo lombhobho wofakelo lwevalve kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kula manqaku mathathu alandelayo (1) Phambi kofakelo lwazo zonke iintlobo zeevalvu, jonga oku kulandelayo: ingaba izinto zokupakisha ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kunye nokuba indlela yokupakisha ichanekile. Isiqu sevalvu kwindawo yokupakisha sidlekile. Ingaba utshintsho luguquguqukayo kwaye isalathisi sichanekile. 1. Khangela i-valve ngaphambi kokufakwa Emva kokuba i-valve ikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo. Kodwa i-valve kufuneka ifakwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kunye nokuhlolwa. (1) Khangela oku kulandelayo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwazo zonke iintlobo zeevalvu: Ingaba izinto zokuzalisa ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, nokuba indlela yokuzalisa ichanekile. Isiqu sevalvu kwindawo yokupakisha sidlekile. Ingaba utshintsho luguquguqukayo kwaye isalathisi sichanekile. Inkangeleko yevalvu yokuphosa ngaphandle kweziphene ezicacileyo zokuvelisa. (2) Ukuxinana kufuneka kuhlolwe phambi kofakelo Njengenxalenye evaliweyo yevalve (esebenza njengomsebenzi wokwahlula), kufuneka ifakwe phambi kovavanyo lokuqina, ukujonga isihlalo kunye nombindi wevalve, isigqubuthelo kunye negumbi lokupakisha lendibaniselwano. ukuqina. Uvavanyo lwe-tightness ye-valve luya kuqhutywa ngamaxesha angama-1.25 uxinzelelo lwe-nameplate. Kuba umnyango wokhuseleko okanye uxinzelelo lwegama lungaphantsi okanye lulingana ne-0.6Mpa kwaye i-diameter yegama likhulu okanye lilingana ne-800mm yevalve, ukuprintwa kombala kungasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuxinana kwendawo yokutywina yevalve. Kwidayamitha enkulu yeevalvu ezidityanisiweyo ezinedayamitha engumlinganiselo omkhulu kuno okanye olingana ne-600mm, kunokusetyenziswa i-oyile okanye amanzi avuzayo endaweni yovavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi. Ngaphambi kovavanyo lokuqina kwevalve, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba negrisi kunye nezinye iingubo zokwaleka kumphezulu wokubopha. Uvavanyo lwe-valve yokuqina kwe-hydraulic kufuneka luhambelane nemigaqo yomenzi, uvavanyo lwevalve yeglowubhu, amanzi kufuneka angeniswe ukusuka phezulu kwidiski yevalve; Ukuvavanya ivalve yesango, ivalve kufuneka ivalwe kwaye indawo yokutywina kufuneka ihlolwe. Emva kokuba uvavanyo lwe-tightness ye-valve lufanelekile, i-valve kufuneka ivalwe kwaye indawo yokutywina kufuneka ihlolwe. (3) Ukuhlolwa kwendawo kufuneka kuqhutywe phambi kofakelo Ivalve yoxinzelelo oluphantsi iyakuhlolwa ukuvavanya ukuqina kungabikho ngaphantsi kwe-10% (ubuncinci enye) kwibhetshi nganye (umenzi ofanayo, iinkcukacha ezifanayo, imodeli efanayo). Ukuba ngaba ayifaneleki, iya kuhlolwa nganye nganye ukuba ayikabikho emva kokuhlolwa okungacwangciswanga ngama-20%. Iivalvu zemibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kufuneka zijongwe ukuba azixinanga nganye nganye. (4) Ukuhlolwa kokuqhawuka kwevalve phambi kofakelo Ezi zivalo zilandelayo kufuneka zichithwe kwaye zihlolwe phambi kofakelo: a. Iivalvu eziyilelwe ubushushu obungaphezulu okanye obulingana ne-450℃. b. Ukhuseleko kunye ne-throttle valves. c. Iivalvu ezinovavanyo lokuqina olungafanelekanga. Ngaphambi kwe-valve disassembly, ukungcola okungcolileyo kufuneka kuhlambuluke, ngaphandle koko, ukuvulwa kunye nokuvala umsebenzi kunye nokuchithwa akufanele kuqhutywe. Xa i-valve yesakhiwo esikhethekileyo ichithwa kwaye ihlolwe, i-disassembly kufuneka iqhutywe ngokulandelelana kwe-disassembly echazwe ngumenzi ukukhusela umonakalo kwiindawo okanye ukuchaphazela ukhuseleko lomntu. Olu vavanyo lulandelayo kufuneka lwenziwe kwivalve echithakeleyo: a. Amalungu angaphakathi e-alloy steel valves aya kuhlaziywa nge-spectra (akukho manqaku aya kwenziwa kwiindawo, kodwa iziphumo zokuhlola ziya kubhalwa). b. Nokuba isihlalo sevalve sidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo neqokobhe levalvu, kwaye ingaba kukho into ekhululayo. c. Ingaba indawo edibeneyo yombindi wevalve kunye nesihlalo sevalve iyahambelana, kwaye nokuba umphezulu odibeneyo unesiphene. d. Ingaba isiqu sidityaniswe bhetyebhetye kwi-spool. e. Nokuba isiqu sevalve sigobile, sidleka, nokuba isiqu sevalve kunye nedlala lokupakisha ziyadibana ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye nokuba umsonto wevalve kwisiqu sevalvu wophukile okanye hayi. f. Idibaniso yobuso beflange yesigqubuthelo sevalvu. g. Khangela i-stroke yokuvula kunye nokuvala kunye nesigxina se-terminal yevalve ye-throttle, kwaye uyiphawule ngokusemandleni. (5) Ivalve iya kuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zilandelayo zomgangatho emva kokuhlolwa kokuqhekeka kunye nokupheliswa kweziphene Izinto zentsimbi ye-alloy zihlangabezana neemfuno zokuyila. Hlanganisa ngokuchanekileyo, hamba ngokuguquguqukayo, kwaye isalathisi sokuvula sibonisa ngokuchanekileyo. Iimpawu kunye nomgangatho we-gasket kunye nokupakishwa kuhlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa. Gcwalisa izinto zokupakisha ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unqumle i-interfaces kwimingxuma ye-diagonal. Ujongano kumaleko ngamnye kufuneka lugxadazele. Ukupakisha kufuneka kuxinzelelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina, kwaye ungathinteli ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwesiqu. (6) Iivalvu zenkqubo yeoli. Iivalvu ezisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zeoli kufuneka zicocwe ekuhambeni kwazo kwiindawo, isanti kunye nepeyinti kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye iingcambu ze-pan ezixhathisa ioli kunye ne-gaskets kufuneka zitshintshwe. (7) Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwakhona kwevalve Xa ivalve yesango kunye nevalve yeglowubhu zidityaniswa kwakhona emva kokuba zithe zachithwa kwaye zifanelekile, idiski kufuneka ibe kwindawo evulekileyo phambi kokuba ibholithi yesigqubuthelo sevalvu iqiniswe. Ivalve iya kuvavanywa ukuqina emva kokuqhawula kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona. Indlela yokusebenza kunye nesixhobo sokuhambisa ivalve kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye ilungelelaniswe ngokweemfuno zoyilo ukufezekisa isenzo esiguquguqukayo kunye nemiyalelo echanekileyo. (8) Zonke iintlobo zeevalvu, xa umenzi eqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kwaye ebonelela ngomgangatho wemveliso kunye nesiqinisekiso sokusetyenziswa, musa ukwenza ukuqhekeka kunye nokuhlolwa kokuqina, kungenjalo kufuneka kuhlolwe kwaye kuhlolwe. Eyesibini, inkqubo yokufakela ivalve Umgangatho wofakelo lwevalvu luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa, ngoko ke ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe kuyo. (1) Isalathiso kunye nendawo Isalathiso sevalve. Iivalve ezininzi zine-directivity, njenge-valve ye-globe, i-valve ye-throttle, i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, i-valve yokukhangela, njl., ukuba i-inverted ufakelo i-reverse, iya kuchaphazela umphumo wokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi (njenge-valve ye-throttle), okanye ingasebenzi nonke ( njengevalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo), kwaye ibangele ingozi (efana nevalve yokukhangela). Iivalvu ngokubanzi zineempawu zendlela kumzimba wevalvu; Ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka ichongwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza yevalve. Igumbi levalve yevalve yeglowubhu ayilungelelananga, ulwelo kufuneka luyiyeke ukusuka ezantsi ukuya kwi-valve port, ukuze ukuxhathisa ulwelo kuncinci (kumiselwe yimilo), vula ugcino lwamandla (ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphakathi phezulu) , ivaliwe emva kokuba i-medium ayicinezeli ukupakisha, kulula ukuyilungisa, le yivalve yeglowubhu ayinakufakwa kwinyani eguqukayo. Ezinye iivalve nazo zineempawu zazo. Isikhundla sokufakela iValve Indawo yofakelo lweValve, kufuneka kube lula ukusebenza; Ukufakwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunzima okwethutyana, kodwa nangenxa yomsebenzi wexesha elide lomsebenzisi. I-valve handwheel handwheel ingcono ngesifuba (ngokubanzi 1.2m kude nomgangatho wokusebenza), ngoko. Kulula ukuvula nokuvala ivalve. I-handwheel yevalve yokumisa kufuneka ibe phezulu, musa ukuthambeka, ukuze uthintele ukusebenza kakubi. Ngokuchasene nodonga kunye nevalve yesixhobo, kufuneka kubekho indawo yokuma umqhubi. Ukuphepha ukusebenza kwesibhakabhaka, ngakumbi i-asidi kunye nesiseko, imidiya enetyhefu, ngaphandle koko ayikhuselekile. A. Ivalve yesango akufuneki iguqulwe (oko kukuthi, ivili lesandla phantsi), kungenjalo i-medium iya kugcinwa kwindawo yesigqubuthelo sevalve ixesha elide, kulula ukuyonakalisa isiqu, kwaye kwezinye iimfuno zenkqubo taboo, kwangaxeshanye. Kunzima kakhulu ukubuyisela ukupakisha. b. Ivalve yesango lesikhondo esivulekileyo, musa ukufaka ngaphantsi komhlaba, kungenjalo ngenxa ye-corrosion efumileyo evele isikhondo. c. Phakamisa ivalve yokukhangela, xa ufaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba idiskhi nkqo, ukuze ukuphakamisa okuguquguqukayo. d. Swing itshekhi valve, xa efakwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba isikhonkwane, ukuze ujingi bhetyebhetye. e. Ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo iya kufakwa ngokuthe tye kumbhobho othe tye, kwaye ayiyi kuthotywa kuyo nayiphi na indlela. (2) Inkqubo yokufakela Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathwe ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokwakhiwa ukuze ugweme ukubetha iivalve ezenziwe ngezinto ezinqabileyo. Ngaphambi kofakelo, i-valve kufuneka ihlolwe, jonga iinkcukacha, uchonge ukuba kukho umonakalo, ngokukodwa kwi-valve stem, kodwa uphinde ujikeleze amaxesha ambalwa ukuze ubone ukuba i-skewed, kuba kwinkqubo yokuthutha, kulula ukubetha. isiqu sevalve egoso, kodwa kunye nobutyobo kwivalve. Xa uphakamisa i-valve, intambo akufanele iboshwe kwi-handwheel okanye isiqu ukuphepha umonakalo kula macandelo, kufuneka iboshwe kwi-flange. Kwivalve eqhagamshelwe kumbhobho, qiniseka ukuba ucocekile, unokucinezelwa umoya ukuze uvuthulule inkunkuma ye-iron oxide, isanti, i-welding slag kunye nobunye ubuvuvu. Ezi sundries azikho nje lula ukukrwela indawo yokutywina yevalve, phakathi kwazo iinqununu ezinkulu ze-sundries (ezifana ne-welding slag) zinokuvala i-valve encinci kwaye yenze ukuba ingaphumeleli. Xa ufaka i-valve ye-screw, ukupakisha ukutywinwa (umsonto kunye neoli ehamba phambili okanye i-polytetrafluoroethylene ibhanti ye-raw material) kufuneka ifakwe kwintambo yombhobho, ungangeni kwi-valve, ukwenzela ukuba i-valve yememori yevolumu, ichaphazele ukuhamba kweendaba. Xa ufaka iivalve ze-flange, qaphela ukuba uqinise iibholithi ngokulinganayo kwaye ngokulinganayo. I-valve ye-valve kunye ne-flange ye-pipe kufuneka ihambelane, ukucocwa okufanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, okanye ukuqhekeka kwevalve, ngenxa yezinto ezinqabileyo kunye namandla angekho phezulu, ngokukodwa ingqalelo kwi-valve. Iivalve ezifuna ukudityaniswa ngemibhobho kufuneka zibe ne-spot-welded kuqala, emva koko iindawo zokuvala kufuneka zivuleke ngokupheleleyo, zize zife. (3) Izixhobo zokugquma ivalve Ezinye iivalvu nazo zifuna ukhuseleko lwangaphandle, oko kukuthi, ukugquma nokupholisa. Ukufudumeza imigca yomphunga ngamanye amaxesha yongezwa kwi-insulation layer. Ingaba ivalve ifuna ukugqunywa okanye igcinwe ibanda kufuneka imiselwe ngokweemfuno zemveliso. Umgaqo wokukhusela: apho i-medium kwi-valve inciphisa ukushisa kakhulu, kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso okanye ukumisa i-valve, idinga ukugcinwa kobushushu okanye kunye nobushushu; Apho i-valve ibonakaliswe, ichasene nemveliso okanye ibangele iqabaka kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi, kuyimfuneko ukubanda. Ukhuseleko lomntu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, xa ubushushu bevalve yeplanti yamandla budlula i-50 ℃, kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokugquma i-thermal. Ukuba amanzi angasetyenziswanga ixesha elide, ivalve yomphunga kufuneka ikhuphe amanzi. (4) I-Bypass kunye nesixhobo Ezinye iivalve ngaphezu kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela, kodwa nazo zine-bypass kunye ne-instrumentation, ukufakwa kwe-bypass ukuququzelela ukugcinwa komgibe. Ezinye iivalve, nazo zinofakelo lwe-bypass. Ingaba ukufaka i-bypass kuxhomekeke kwimeko ye-valve, ukubaluleka kunye neemfuno zokuvelisa. (5) Ukutshintshwa kokupakisha Izizathu zokupakisha ukutshintshwa a. Iivalve ze-Inventory, ezinye ukupakisha akulungile, ezinye ngokusetyenziswa kweendaba azihambelani, kufuneka zitshintshe ukupakisha. b. Umenzi weValve akakwazi ukuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwendawo esetyenziswa yiyunithi, ibhokisi yokupakisha ihlala igcwele ingcambu eqhelekileyo, kodwa xa isetyenziswe, ukupakishwa kufuneka kulungiswe phakathi. Ukupakisha inkqubo yokutshintsha a. Xa utshintshela isigcwalisi, yicinezele macala onke. b. Kufanelekile ukuba i-seam nganye ejikelezayo ibe yi-45 °, kwaye i-seam ejikelezayo kufuneka igxininise i-180 °. c. Ukuphakama kokupakisha kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo igumbi lokucofa ngokuqhubekayo kwegland. Okwangoku, ubunzulu begumbi lokupakisha phantsi kwe-gland kufuneka lifaneleke, elinokuthi libe yi-10% ~ 20% yobubanzi obupheleleyo begumbi lokupakisha. d. Kwiivalvu zemfuno ephezulu, i-Angle edibeneyo yi-30 °. Amalungu phakathi kwamakhonkco agxininiswe ngu-120 °. E. ukupakisha ukupakisha ngasentla, nako ngokwemeko ethile, USEBENZISA irabha o-ring (irabha yendalo ukumelana nesiseko buthathaka phantsi 60 ℃, nitrile butadiene irabha ukumelana phantsi kwe 80 ℃, ukuxhathisa irabha fluorine ezahlukeneyo medium corrosion phantsi kwe-150 ℃) umsesane wesithathu we-ptfe (ngaphantsi kwe-200 ℃) eyomeleleyo eyingozi ephakathi yokuxhathisa isitya se-nayiloni (i-ammonia phantsi kwe-120 ℃, ukumelana ne-alkali) ukwenza isihluzi. Umaleko we-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) i-tape ye-raw material ihlanganiswe kwi-disc ye-asbestos eqhelekileyo, enokuphucula umphumo wokutywina kunye nokunciphisa i-electrochemical corrosion ye-valve stem. f. Xa ucinezela ukupakisha, jikelezisa i-valve stem ngexesha elifanayo ukugcina i-uniform ye-circumference kwaye uthintele ukufa kakhulu. Qinisa idlala ngamandla alinganayo kwaye ungatyekeli. Ufakelo lwevalve yombhobho kufuneka lunikele ingqalelo kula manqaku mathathu alandelayo Ukufakwa kwevalve yepayipi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kula manqaku mathathu alandelayo Okokuqala, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ukukhangela ngaphambi kokufakwa 1. Khangela ngononophelo ukuba imodeli yevalve kunye neenkcukacha ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zomzobo. 2. Jonga ukuba ingaba i-stem kunye ne-disc zivulwe ngokuguquguqukayo, kunye nokuba zixingekile okanye zigoso. 3. Khangela ukuba ivalve yonakele kwaye ukuba umsonto wevalve uchanekile kwaye awugungqi. 4. Jonga ukuba indibaniselwano yesitulo kunye nevalve yomzimba iqinile, idiski kunye nesitulo, isigqubuthelo kunye nomzimba wevalvu, isiqu kunye noqhagamshelo lwediski. 5. Khangela ukuba i-valve padding, ukupakisha kunye ne-fasteners (iibholithi) zifanelekile kwiimfuno zendalo yokusebenza. 6. Ivalve endala okanye ende esetyenzisiweyo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka isuswe, uthuli, isanti kunye nolunye udoti kufuneka lucocwe ngamanzi. 7. Ngesigqubuthelo, khangela iqondo lokutywina, i-disc ye-valve kufuneka ivalwe ngokuqinileyo. 4. Intambo ye-screw kufuneka iqinisekiswe kwaye ihlanganiswe nge-hemp, ioli ekhokelayo okanye i-polytetrafluoroethylene tape kwintambo. Xa u-screw, i-wrench kufuneka ifakwe kumzimba wevalve ene-hexagonal kwelinye icala lombhobho. 5. Xa ufaka i-valve ye-flange, nikela ingqalelo ekuqiniseni ibholidi yokudibanisa kunye ne-diagonal direction, kwaye amandla kufuneka afane xa u-screwing ukukhusela i-gasket ukuba ingaphambuki okanye ibangele i-deformation kunye nomonakalo kumzimba we-valve. 6. Ivalve kufuneka igcinwe ivaliwe ngexesha lofakelo. Kwiivalve ezinemisonto ekufutshane nodonga, ukufakwa rhoqo kufuna ukususa isiqu, idiski kunye nevili lesandla, ukujika. Ukuqhaqha kufuneka kuqhutywe emva kokujija ivili lesandla ukugcina ivalve ivulekile.