manual amandla umgangatho indlela ezimbini ivelufa yesango

Ukulawula ngokukhawuleza nokucima imililo eyingozi yeyona nto isebenzayo yokusindisa ubomi eyenziwa lisebe lomlilo. Ukucima umlilo okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kufuna amanzi—ngamanye amaxesha amanzi amaninzi—kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi, amanzi afumaneka ngemibhobho yokucima umlilo. Kweli nqaku, ndiya kuchonga ezinye zeemeko ezininzi ezithintela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokucima umlilo, ndichaze iindlela zokuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokucoca i-hydrants yomlilo, khangela iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubonelela ngamanzi, kunye nokubonelela ngeengcebiso kunye neengcebiso ezininzi zokunceda iinkampani zeenjini. kwezi meko zilandelayo Qinisekisa unikezelo lwamanzi oluthembekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. (Ukufumana uphononongo oluhle kakhulu lwegama lombhobho womlilo, iimpawu zoyilo, kunye nemigangatho esebenzayo, nceda ubone "Ii-Fire Hydrants" kwincwadi kaPaul Nussbickel's Fire Engineering, kaJanuwari 1989, iphepha 41-46.) Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe, iingongoma ezintathu zifanele zikhankanye. Okokuqala, kulo lonke inqaku, ndibhekisela kubacimi-mlilo abajongene nokuqhuba izixhobo ze-injini (ipompo) kunye nokusebenza kwempompo njenge "injini yenkampani abaqhubi" okanye ngokulula "abaqhubi". Kumasebe amaninzi, lo mntu ubizwa ngokuba "yinjineli" okanye "umqhubi wempompo", kodwa phantse kuzo zonke iimeko, la magama ayafana. Okwesibini, xa kuxoxwa ngeendlela ezichanekileyo zokuvavanya, ukugungxula kunye nokudibanisa umbhobho womlilo, ndiya kuthumela olu lwazi ngokuthe ngqo kumqhubi, njengoko oku kudla ngokuba luxanduva lwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amasebe, iilayini zokubonelela zabekwa kwi-remote fire hydrants ukuya emlilweni, zishiya ilungu elinye ukuba lenze uqhagamshelo kunye nokutshaja xa liyalelwa. Ukuphepha ukwenzakala kunye nokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamanzi olungaphazamisekiyo, lo mntu kufuneka alandele iinkqubo zovavanyo kunye nokugungxulwa njengomqhubi. Okwesithathu, iindawo ezisedolophini azisachatshazelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokonakaliswa kwezakhiwo, kwaye lumbalwa uluntu olungayi kujongana nokusilela kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluchaphazela iinkonzo ezisisiseko. Iingxaki eziye zachaphazela ixesha elide ukufumaneka kwee-fire hydrants kumsebenzi wangaphakathi wedolophu ngoku zikhoyo yonke indawo. Ukusebenza kwemibhobho yokucima umlilo njengomthombo wonikezelo lwamanzi kunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu: Imibhobho yamanzi ye-hydrants yamanzi ilinganiselwe ngobukhulu kunye nokuguga, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamanzi akhoyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-static; kwaye Nangona injongo yam ikukufunda iintlobo zokuqala nezesithathu zeengxaki, kufuneka ndigxininise ukubaluleka kohlobo lwesibini lweengxaki. Ukuqonda ubungakanani bombhobho wamanzi kunye / okanye idatha yovavanyo lokuhamba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokucwangciswa kwangaphambili kwengozi kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkampani yeenjini. (Bona "uVavanyo lokuPhuma koMlilo" nguGlenn P. Corbett, iFire Engineering, ngoDisemba 1991, iphepha 70.) Kufuneka kumiselwe ukuba izixhobo zokucima umlilo ezibonelelwa ngumbhobho omkhulu onobubanzi obungaphantsi kwee-intshi ezi-6 kunye nezixhobo zokucima umlilo ezinombane. isantya sokuhamba esingaphantsi kwe-500 gpm kufuneka sizimisele ukuthintela Ubunzima bokusebenza kunye nokungonelanga komlilo okwenzekayo. Ukongezelela, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwindawo yokucima umlilo kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo ezilandelayo: zibekwe kwiindawo ezinqamlekileyo, zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, zinemibhobho ye-intshi engama-212 kuphela, kwaye azikwazi ukusebenzisa i-drain kuba zifumaneka kwiindawo ezikhukhulayo. okanye iindawo ezinamaqondo aphezulu amanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Uluhlu olungezantsi zezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa okungafanelekanga, ukusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga, kunye nokonakalisa: Intonga yokusebenza engasebenziyo okanye i-nut yokusebenza yonakaliswe kakhulu ukwenzela ukuba i-wrench ye-fire hydrant ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa; Kwiindawo ezininzi, isebe lamanzi lasekuhlaleni lihlala lihlola kwaye ligcine imibhobho yokucima umlilo. Oku akukhululi isebe lomlilo ekuzihloleni ukuze liqinisekise ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kombhobho womlilo. Abasebenzi benkampani ye-injini kufuneka ngamaxesha athile bajonge umbhobho wokucima umlilo kwindawo yabo yokusabela ngokususa ikepusi kowona mlomo mkhulu (ngokwesiqhelo wawubizwa ngokuba “sisiqhagamshelo somphunga”) baze bagungxule umphanda ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kususwe inkunkuma. Yenza uvavanyo olunjalo ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-alam, u-drill, kunye neminye imisebenzi yangaphandle ukwenza umkhwa. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwimibhobho yokucima umlilo engenasigqubuthelo; amaqhekeza asenokuba abekwe emgqomeni. Gubha imibhobho yokucima umlilo esanda kufakelwa ngocoselelo ukukhusela amatye avaleleke kumbhobho ongundoqo kunye nesikhuphukeli ekonakaliseni impompo nezixhobo. Oku kulandelayo ngamanqaku aphambili malunga neendlela zokhuseleko zokuvavanya kunye nokugungxulwa kwemibhobho yokucima umlilo. Okokuqala, kwi-fire hydrant enesiciko ngokuqinileyo endaweni, qiniseka ukuba ukhangele ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-hydrant yomlilo ivaliwe ngaphambi kokuzama ukususa isiciko. Okwesibini, susa i-cap kwi-nozzle enkulu kwi-fire hydrant kwaye ugungxule kwindawo yokuvula ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke i-debris ezifakiwe ziyasuswa. Okwesithathu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuqinisa ezinye izigqubuthelo zokuthintela ukuvuza okanye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukukhusela isigqubuthelo ekubeni sivuthelwe ngamandla xa kuvulwa umbhobho womlilo. Okwesine, soloko ume emva kombhobho womlilo xa ugungxulwa. Ngokucacileyo, ukuma phambi kwakho okanye ecaleni kwakho kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba ube manzi; kodwa esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokuma emva kombhobho womlilo kukuba amatye kunye neebhotile ezivaleleke kumbhobho wombhobho womlilo okanye isikhuphukeli ziya kunyanzelwa phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu Ngokusebenzisa umbhobho, iba yiprojekthi eyingozi. Ukongeza, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ikhava inokuvuthela, ibangele ukulimala. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo inxulumene nenqanaba apho ivalve yokusebenza kufuneka ivulwe ukuze kugungxulwe ngokufanelekileyo umbhobho womlilo. Ndiqaphele ukuba umqhubi wavula isixhobo sokucima umlilo izihlandlo ezininzi, evumela amanzi ukuba aqukuqelele kumbhobho ongavalwanga phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Olu xinzelelo luphezulu lusenokutyhala iinkonkxa ze-aluminiyam, iibhotile zeglasi kunye neplastiki, ii-candy wrappers ze-cellophane, kunye nobunye ubugoxo obungaphezulu komgangatho wombhobho kwaye buthintele ukuba zingakhutshelwa ngaphandle komphanda. Emva koko umqhubi wavala umbhobho wokucima umlilo, wadibanisa umbhobho wokufunxa, wavula isixhobo sokucima umlilo kwakhona, waza wagcwalisa impompo yamanzi. Ngequbuliso—ngokuqhelekileyo njengesiphatho sokuqala esingena kwindawo enomlilo—amanzi aya kumka njengoko inkunkuma engahlanjwanga ingena kwintambo yokufunxa. Umgca wokuhlasela waba buthathaka, ubangela ukuba abasebenzi be-nozzle batshintshe ngokukhawuleza indlela; xa uxinzelelo lokuthatha lwehla ukuya kwi-zero, umqhubi wothuka ngoko nangoko. Ubuchule obuchanekileyo bokugungxula bubandakanya ukuvula umbhobho wokucima umlilo amaxesha ambalwa, ukulinda imizuzwana embalwa, uze emva koko uvale umbhobho wokucima umlilo de amanzi akhutshiweyo azalise malunga nesiqingatha sombhobho wokuvula (jonga umfanekiso okwiphepha 64). Ukonakaliswa ngokwako kunokuthi ngokuyinxenye okanye kucinywe ngokupheleleyo imibhobho yokucima umlilo. Ndihlala ndidibana nezixhobo zokucima umlilo ezineentloko ezilahlekileyo, iintambo ezilahlekileyo (eziqhelekileyo kwii-nozzles ze-intshi ezingama-212), ii-valve caps ezilahlekileyo okanye iibholiti kwiiflange ezithintekayo, amantongomane asebenzayo agugile ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga, angcono kuphela kuneepensile Ububanzi bukhulu kancinci. , i-hood iqhekeziwe, umgqomo uyanqanda ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga ebusika, i-fire hydrant ifakwe ngamabomu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ide ilahleke ngokupheleleyo. Amanyathelo athathiweyo ukulwa ukonakalisa. KwisiXeko saseNew York, iintlobo ezine eziphambili zezixhobo zokonakalisa zifakwe kwimibhobho yokucima umlilo. Ngasinye kwezi zixhobo zifuna i-wrench ekhethekileyo okanye isixhobo sokusebenza, esidibanisa ngakumbi umsebenzi womqhubi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho izixhobo ezimbini kwisixhobo esifanayo somlilo-isixhobo esinye sisetyenziselwa ukukhusela isigqubuthelo ukuba sisuswe, kwaye isixhobo sesibini sisetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-nut yokusebenza ekusebenziseni okungagunyaziswanga. Kwiindawo ezininzi zoluntu, ekuphela kwezixhobo ezifunekayo ukufaka umbhobho womlilo kwinkonzo sisixhobo sokucima umlilo kunye neadaptha enye okanye ezimbini (umgangatho wesizwe othungelwe kwiiadaptha ze-Storz, iivalvu zebhola okanye iivalvu zesango, kunye ne-four-way fire hydrant zezona zixhaphakileyo. ). Kodwa kwimimandla yasezidolophini, apho ukonakaliswa kwempahla kuxhaphakile yaye ukugcinwa kwesixhobo sokucima umlilo kuthandabuzeka, kusenokufuneka ezinye izixhobo ezininzi. Inkampani yam yeenjini eBronx ithwala iintlobo ze-14-ewe, ii-wrenches ezili-14 ezahlukeneyo, izigqubuthelo, iiplagi, ii-adapters, kunye nezinye izixhobo, ukufumana nje amanzi kwi-hydrant fire. Oku akubandakanyi ubungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye neendidi zokufunxa kunye nonikezelo lwemibhobho efunekayo kuqhagamshelo olululo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkampani enye injini esebenza ngokuzimeleyo okanye ezimbini okanye iinkampani zeenjini ezingaphezulu ezisebenza ngokubambisana ziseka unikezelo lwamanzi ukusuka kumbhobho womlilo. Inkampani enye ye-injini inokusebenzisa enye yeendlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokubeka umbhobho-umbhobho othe tye okanye ukubeka phambili kunye nokubeka umva-ukuseka unikezelo lwamanzi olusuka kwimibhobho yokucima umlilo. Kwindawo ethe ngqo okanye eya phambili (ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-"hydrant to fire" laying okanye "tandem" supply laying), izixhobo ze-injini zipakwe kumbhobho womlilo phambi kwesakhiwo somlilo. Ilungu elinye lahamba phantsi kwaye lasusa i-hoses eyaneleyo "ukutshixa" umbhobho womlilo, ngelixa ususa izitshixo eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo. Emva kokuba abasebenzi "be-fire hydrant" banike umqondiso, umqhubi we-injini uya kwisakhiwo somlilo kunye nomsebenzi we-hose yokuhambisa amanzi. Amalungu asele kwi-fire hydrant emva koko agungxule i-fire hydrant, adibanise umbhobho, kwaye ahlawule umgca wokubonelela ngokomyalelo womqhubi. Le ndlela iyathandwa kuba ivumela izixhobo ze-injini ukuba zibekwe kufuphi nesakhiwo somlilo kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezibambo ezixhunyiwe ngaphambili kunye nemibhobho yedekhi. Nangona kunjalo, ineengxaki ezininzi. Into yokuqala engalunganga kukuba ilungu elinye lihlala kumbhobho wokucima umlilo, linciphisa inani labantu kwisakhiwo somlilo ukuze lifake isiphatho sokuqala ukuba sisebenze. I-disability yesibini kukuba ukuba umgama phakathi kwe-fire hydrants idlula i-500 yeenyawo, ukulahleka kwe-friction ye-hose yokunikezelwa kwamanzi kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani bamanzi afikelela kumpompo. Amasebe amaninzi akholelwa ukuba imigca emibini ye-212-intshi okanye i-3-intshi inokuvumela ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bamanzi ukuba buhambe; kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, kuphela inxalenye encinane yamanzi akhoyo asetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ithumbu elikhulu elidayamitha [(LDH) ii-intshi ezingama-312 nangaphezulu] linokusebenzisa kakuhle imibhobho yokucima umlilo; kodwa izisa nezinye zeengxaki ezixutyushwa kwezi ziqendu zibini zilandelayo. Enye into engalunganga yoyilo lwangaphambili kukuba izixhobo ze-injini zisondele kwisakhiwo somlilo, kwaye izixhobo ze-elevator zingenakufikelela kwindawo engcono kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwinkampani yeleli yesibini yokukhula, edla ngokusabela kwicala elichaseneyo nenjini yokuqala. Izitrato ezimxinwa ziyayikhulisa le ngxaki. Ukuba izixhobo ze-injini ngokwazo azibonakalisi ngumqobo, ke i-hose yokubonelela elele esitratweni inokwenzeka kakhulu. I-LDH ehlawuliswayo iya kubangela imiqobo emikhulu kwizixhobo ezilandelayo zeLadder Company. I-LDH engahlawuliswanga nayo inokubangela iingxaki. Kutshanje, kwaqhambuka umlilo kwiivenkile ezilandelelanayo eLong Island, eNew York, yaye ileli eyinqaba yazama ukuqhuba phezu kwentambo eyomileyo ezii-intshi ezi-5 eyayibekwe yinjini ephelelwe kuqala. Ukudibanisa okubanjwe kumda wokuqhekeka kwivili elingasemva, ukuphula umlenze womcimi-mlilo kwindawo yokucima umlilo, ukunikezela umgca wokubonelela ungasebenzi. Inqaku elongezelelweyo malunga nezixhobo zeleli kunye nemigca yokubonelela: qiniseka ukuba umthuthumbisi kunye ne-outrigger ayithotywanga ngokungazi kwi-hose, ngaloo ndlela yenza i-hose clamp esebenzayo ngokufanelekileyo. Kwimeko echaseneyo okanye "i-fire-to-water", izixhobo ze-injini ziqala ukupakishwa kwisakhiwo somlilo. Ukuba amalungu afumana umlilo ofuna ukusetyenziswa kwezibambo, aya kususa imibhobho eyaneleyo enemibhobho ukuze ifakwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesakhiwo somlilo. Kwizakhiwo ezinemigangatho emininzi, kubalulekile ukususa imibhobho eyaneleyo ukufikelela kwindawo yomlilo ngaphandle “kokunciphisa”. Ngokomqondiso ovela kumsebenzi we-nozzle, igosa okanye elinye ilungu elichongiweyo, umqhubi uya kumbhobho womlilo olandelayo, awuvavanye, awugungxule, kwaye udibanise umbhobho wokuhambisa amanzi. Ukuba ilungu lidibana nomlilo omkhulu, linokuthi "libeke phantsi" isiphatho sesibini kwisakhiwo somlilo ukuze sisetyenziswe yenye inkampani ye-injini okanye bafake imibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu bokubonelela ngemibhobho yeleli engenayo okanye ileli yenqaba. IsiXeko saseNew York (NY) iSebe lezoMlilo liphantse lisebenzise ukubekelwa umva (okubhekiselwa kuko "njengokolulwa kwasemva" ngokufutshane). Iinzuzo zokubeka umva ziquka ukushiya umphambili kunye namacala esakhiwo somlilo evulekile ukubeka izixhobo zenkampani yeleli; ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwabasebenzi kuba umqhubi unokwenza uqhagamshelo lombhobho womlilo ngokwahlukileyo; ukusetyenziswa ngcono konikezelo lwamanzi olukhoyo kuba injini ikwisixhobo sokucima umlilo. Enye into engalunganga yelungiselelo elibuyela umva kukuba naziphi na izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisekelwe kwisixhobo zisusiwe kwi-arsenal ye-tactical ngaphandle kokuba umbhobho womlilo usondele kwisakhiwo somlilo. Enye into engeloncedo kukuba kungakho umqheba omde wokubekwa kunye nemfuno yoxinzelelo lokukhupha impompo ephezulu, enokoyiswa "ngokuzalisa" nawuphi na umbhobho we-intshi ezingama-134 okanye ezi-2 ngombhobho we-intshi ezingama-212 ukunciphisa ilahleko yokukhuhlana. Le ndlela ikwavumela ukhetho lokuqhawula umbhobho we-intshi ye-134 okanye i-intshi ye-2 kwaye usebenzise isiphatho esikhulu xa iimeko ziwohloka kwaye zifuna ukusetyenziswa. Ukudibanisa inkwenkwezi enesango okanye "isela lamanzi" kwi-hose ye-intshi engama-212 inika ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Kwi-FDNY, ubude obude obuthandathu (iinyawo ezingama-300) zee-hoses ze-134-intshi zivumelekile ukuba zigcine uxinzelelo lokukhutshwa kwempompo (PDP) ngaphakathi koluhlu olukhuselekileyo nolunengqiqo. Iinkampani ezininzi zithwala ubude obune kuphela, zinciphisa ngakumbi i-PDP efunekayo. Enye into engalunganga yokubeka umva kukuba ayinakusebenzisa iileyili ezidityaniswe ngaphambili. Nangona oku kuyinyani, kwaye uxhulumaniso lwangaphambili luvumela ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kwemigca yezandla, isebe lomlilo lithembele kakhulu kubo, kwaye namhlanje abambalwa abacimi bomlilo banokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bemigca yezandla. Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngemigca eqhagamshelwe kwangaphambili inokuba yindlela "yobukhulu obunye bulingana nayo yonke". Xa umbhobho ungekho mde ngokwaneleyo, oku kunokubangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu ekunkcenkcesheleni umlilo. Ngaphandle kokuba amalungiselelo enziwe kwangaphambili ukwandisa umbhobho oqhagamshelwe kwangaphambili-oku kudla ngokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kweenkwenkwezi ezinesango kunye nezinto ezininzi-umlilo unokuphuma ngokukhawuleza kulawulo. Kwelinye icala, ngamanye amaxesha umgca oqhagamshelwe ngaphambili ude kakhulu. Kumlilo wakutshanje, injini yokuqala yayimi phambi kwesakhiwo somlilo, kwaye kuphela malunga neemitha ezili-100 zombhobho ofunekayo ukufikelela kwindawo yomlilo kunye nokugubungela ngokufanelekileyo ikhaya lentsapho enye. Ngelishwa, imibhobho emibini eqhagamshelwe kwangaphambili eqhutywa kwibhedi yombhobho enqamlezileyo yayiziimitha ezingama-200 ubude. I-kinking egqithisileyo ibangele ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi amaninzi, okwaneleyo ukunyanzela iqela le-nozzle emlilweni. Mhlawumbi eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuxhobisa isixhobo ngasinye se-injini kunye nomthwalo wombhobho, ukuvumela ukubekelwa ngokuthe tye kunye nokubuyisela umva. Le ndlela ivumela iqondo eliphezulu lokuguquguquka kobuchule xa ukhetha i-hydrant kunye nokubeka izixhobo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iinkampani ezininzi zeenjini zaziyinkampani “ezimbini”, eziquka ithumbu lemoto exhotyiswe ngemibhobho, imibhobho, kunye ne-injini exhotyiswe ngeempompo kunye namazibuko okufunxa. Inqwelo yombhobho iya kuba kufutshane nesakhiwo somlilo ukuze kube lula ukunciphisa ubude bentambo yokutsala kunye nokuhlawula iindleko zokusebenzisa "ityhubhu yemoto". I-injini iya kubonelela ngamanzi ukusuka kumbhobho wokucima umlilo ukuya kwikhareji. Nanamhlanje, iimpompo ezintathu ziphantse zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, kwaye iinkqubo ezininzi zokubonelela ngamanzi kwisebe lomlilo zifuna ukuba injini yokuqala ifakwe kufuphi nesakhiwo somlilo, ngaphandle kokuba umbhobho wokucima umlilo ukufuphi, injini yesibini iqhagamshelwe kumbhobho womlilo kwaye inikezela ngeyokuqala. . Inzuzo ephambili yokusebenzisa iinkampani ezimbini zeenjini ukwakha inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi kukubeka injini yokuqala kufuphi nesakhiwo somlilo ukuze kuhanjiswe ngokukhawuleza izibambo ezixhunyiwe ngaphambili. Ekubeni amasebe omlilo amaninzi anelona nqanaba lisezantsi labasebenzi, ubude bomgca wesandla kufuneka bube bufutshane kangangoko. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yomgama omde wokuphendula, imisebenzi emininzi yokuhlaselwa komlilo iqalwa ngamanzi e-booster tank de i-injini yesibini efanelekileyo ifike ukuseka ukunikezelwa kwamanzi okulungileyo. I-advanteji yale ndlela phezu kokubeka ngokuthe tye okanye phambili kukuba xa isithuba se-hydrant sidlula iinyawo ezingama-500, i-injini yesibini inokuhambisa amanzi kwi-injini yokuqala kwaye yoyise nayiphi na imida yelahleko yefriction kumgca wonikezelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yodidi olukhulu kuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza konikezelo lwamanzi. Xa ukuphakama kwesakhiwo sokucima umlilo kuphezulu kunombhobho womlilo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-static lubuthathaka, le ndlela iya kubonisa ukuba luncedo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu. Ezinye iimeko ezinokufuna intsebenziswano yeenkampani ezimbini zeenjini ekusekeni unikezelo lwamanzi zezi zilandelayo: Ezona nkqubo zisetyenziswa ziinkampani ezimbini zeenjini ukuseka inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi ziya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zesitrato, imfuneko yokuba iinkampani zeleli zingene emlilweni. isakhiwo, kunye nolwalathiso impendulo injini nganye. Ezi zikhetho zilandelayo zikhoyo: I-injini yokusetyenziswa kwesibini inokuthatha umgca wokubonelela oye watshixa kwi-fire hydrant yi-injini yokuqala yokusetyenziswa, ukudibanisa kunye nokuhlawulisa; i-injini yesibini ephelelweyo inokudlula kweyokuqala ize ifakwe kumbhobho wokucima umlilo; eyesibini I-injini ephelelwe lixesha ingabuyiselwa kwi-injini yokuqala kwisitalato kwaye ifakwe kumbhobho wokucima umlilo; okanye ukuba ixesha kunye nomgama uvumela, umgca wokubonelela unokolulwa ngesandla. Eyona nto ingalunganga kakhulu yokusebenzisa iinkampani ezimbini zeenjini ukuseka unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhubekayo ukusuka kumthombo omnye kukuba kufana nokubeka onke amaqanda anikezelweyo ngamanzi kwibhaskithi enye. Kwimeko yokusilela koomatshini, ukuvaleka komgca wokufunxa okanye ukusilela kombhobho wokucima umlilo, akusayi kubakho mfuneko yonikezelo lwamanzi njengoko iinkampani ze-injini nganye zilungisa ezazo izixhobo zokucima umlilo. Ingcebiso yam yeyokuba ukuba injini yesithathu ayiqhelekanga ukunikezelwa kwi-alam yomlilo yesakhiwo, nceda uyicele ngokukhawuleza. I-injini yesithathu kufuneka ibekwe kwenye indawo yokucima umlilo kufuphi nesakhiwo somlilo, kwaye ulungele ukuhambisa ngokukhawuleza izibambo okanye ukubonelela ngeentambo zokubonelela ngokukhawuleza njengoko kufuneka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwenkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamanzi edla ngokusetyenziswa, ngokude nje ukuba umbhobho womlilo ukufuphi nesakhiwo somlilo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuphelisa imfuno ye-injini yesibini ukunika amandla injini yokuqala kwaye ikhulule ixesha le-injini yesibini ukuze ifumane umbhobho wayo wokucisha umlilo, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngokungabikho konikezelo lwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba phambi kokuba usebenzise umbhobho wokucima umlilo, i-injini yesibini ephelelwayo kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba isixhobo sokucima umlilo sokuqala esiphelelwayo sinesixhobo sokucima umlilo "esilungileyo" kwaye asizukuqhuba phantsi ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwamanzi ngokuqhubekayo. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamagosa enkampani yeenjini kunye/okanye nabaqhubi lubalulekile. Umbhobho womlilo okhethwe yinkampani ye-injini ekhethiweyo kufuneka ibe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwisakhiwo somlilo, kodwa ungasondeli kakhulu, ukuze ungabeki umqhubi kunye ne-drilling rig engozini. Kwimililo ehambele phambili ekufikeni, ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yedekhi kunokungqina ukuba luncedo; nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani obunokubakho bendawo edilikileyo kunye nemiba yobushushu obukhanyayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ezinye iingozi ziquka umsi onzima kunye neglasi ewayo, enokubangela ukwenzakala kakhulu kunye nemibhobho yokusika. Kwimililo emininzi, akukho ngozi yokuwa kunye nobushushu obukhazimlayo. Ngoko ke, ukuqwalaselwa kuphela xa ukhetha i-fire hydrant yinani lemibhobho efunekayo ukufikelela emlilweni kunye nesidingo sezixhobo zokuphakamisa ukungena kwisakhiwo somlilo ngokufanelekileyo. Xa izitrato zimxinwa okanye zizele ziimoto ezipakishiweyo, ukuma kwenkampani yeenjini kusenokuba lucelomngeni. Umqhubi we-injini unokuzigcina njani izixhobo zakhe zingasondeli kwisixhobo seleli aze sekunjalo ancede ekubekeni isiphatho ngokukhawuleza nangobuchule emlilweni? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ibandakanya iingqwalasela ezimbini ezinxulumeneyo-izibuko elithile lokufunxa impompo eliza kusetyenziswa kunye nobude kunye nodidi loqhagamshelo lokufunxa (umbhobho) olukhoyo. Iinjini ezininzi zale mihla zixhotyiswe ngesango langaphambili lokufunxa. Iqhekeza le "soft casing" lidla ngokudityaniswa kwangaphambili ukuze lisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza. (Ezinye izixhobo zokufunxa zixhotyiswe ngokufunxa ngasemva-endaweni yokufunxa ngaphambili okanye ukufunxa okongeziweyo.) Nangona ukudibanisa kwangaphambili umbhobho wokufunxa kungeyongxaki, ukuthambekela kokusoloko kusetyenziswa ukufunxa ngaphambili ngenxa yokulungelwa kwayo kunokuba njalo. Kwizitrato ezimxinwa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-front suction ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna ukuba umqhubi we-injini afake izixhobo zakhe "empumlweni" kwi-fire hydrant, evala isitrato kunye nokonakalisa izixhobo ezifika kamva. Okukhona usiba mfutshane icandelo elinqamlezayo lombhobho othambileyo wokufunxa, kokukhona iba nkulu ingxaki. Ngaphandle kokuba i-injini ikwindawo efanelekileyo, ubude obufutshane bemibhobho yokufunxa ethambileyo nayo inama-kinks, anqabile ukuba abekho. Umqhubi kufuneka alungele ukusebenzisa naliphi na izibuko lokufunxa kwisixhobo sakhe ngokobungakanani beendlela zokubeka kwindawo. Iimpompo ezilinganiswe kwi-1,000 gpm nangaphezulu zinezikhululo (ezingundoqo) zokufunxa kunye neendawo zokungena ezi-212 okanye ezi-3 intshi kwicala ngalinye. Ukufunxa ecaleni kuyasebenza kuba kuvumela izixhobo ze-injini ukuba zipakwe ngokunxuseneyo ecaleni kombhobho wokucima umlilo, ukugcina isitrato sicacile. Ukuba uxhulumaniso lokufunxa semi-rigid lusetyenziswa endaweni yokufunxa okuthambileyo, i-kinking ayiyi kuba yingxaki. Ukuba akunawo umbhobho oqinileyo wokufunxa, cinga ngokusonga umbhobho othambileyo wokufunxa ngasemva kombhobho wokucima umlilo ukunciphisa iikinks. Umbhobho othambileyo wokufunxa kufuneka ube nde ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela oku. Olunye uqwalaselo xa usebenzisa ukufunxa ecaleni kukuba izibuko lokufunxa elisecaleni alivalwanga. Ubuncinci amaxesha amabini xa ndizama ukuvula ivalve yesango lokufunxa ngaphambili, xa ndijika ivili lolawulo kwipaneli yempompo, intonga ephothiweyo phakathi kwesango kunye nevili lokulawula yakhululeka, yenza ukufunxa kwangaphambili kungasebenzi. Ngethamsanqa, le meko ayizange yenzeke kwiimeko ezinzima. Musa ukukutyeshela ukungena kwamasango; zinokuba luncedo kakhulu xa ikhephu, iimoto, kunye ne-trash block fire hydrants, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa koqhagamshelwano oluthambileyo okanye oluqinileyo. Kule meko, "i-flying wire" enobude obuziimitha ezingama-50 ingathwalwa, equka i-hose yee-intshi ezi-3 okanye ngaphezulu, ukunceda ukufikelela kwi-fire hydrant. Xa kuvela imiba yoxinzelelo, ngokuqhelekileyo kumlilo omkhulu, iinkampani ezininzi zeenjini ze-alarm kufuneka zidibanise iqhekeza lombhobho wokufunxa oqinileyo kumbhobho womlilo ukuze kupheliswe umngcipheko wokuwa kombhobho othambileyo okanye oqinileyo. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni izixhumi ze-steam, cinga ukudibanisa i-valve yebhola okanye i-valve yesango kwi-212-intshi yomlilo we-hydrant nozzle. Emva koko unako ukudibanisa i-hose yonikezelo lwamanzi kwisango lokungena ukuze unikeze umthamo owongezelelweyo, onokungena ngokufanelekileyo xa kwenzeka umlilo kwizakhiwo ezingenanto, izakhiwo ezidibeneyo okanye ezisondeleleneyo zokhuni, kunye neendawo ezinkulu "zabahlawuli berhafu". Kwiindawo zexabiso eliphezulu apho i-hydrants isondelelene ngokusondeleyo, injini enye inokudityaniswa kwii-hydrants ezimbini. Ezinye izixeko zisagcina inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, enokuthi ivumele iinjini ezimbini zabelane ngombhobho wokucima umlilo. Ebusika, cinga ukugquma onke amalungu ethumbu okufunxa avele elubala ngefoyile yealuminiyam ukunqanda ikhephu kunye nomkhenkce, onokuthi uvale ithumbu okanye uthintele amalungu ajikelezayo abasetyhini ekujikelezeni ngokukhululekileyo. Umqhubi ophezulu weNkampani yeNjini ye-FDNY 48 uye waqamba igama elithi "imizuzu emibini yoloyiko" xa wayechaza amava emizuzu emibini yokuqala yomqhubi we-injini yokuqala kwindawo yomlilo wesakhiwo. Kwimizuzu emibini (okanye ngaphantsi), umqhubi kufuneka abeke izixhobo ze-injini kufuphi nombhobho wokucima umlilo, aqhubele phambili ukuvavanya nokugungxula umbhobho wokucima umlilo, adibanise umbhobho wokufunxa, afake amanzi kwimpompo, aze aqhagamshele isiphatho kucango lokukhupha (okanye qiniseka ukuba Ibhedi ye-hose edibeneyo ikhutshwe kwi-hose), kwaye impompo ibandakanyeka. Ndiyathemba ukuba yonke le misebenzi igqityiwe phambi kokuba ipolisa libize amanzi. Njengomqhubi, igama lesidlaliso ongasoze ulifune ngu "Sahara". Ukuba oku akulona xanduva olwaneleyo, ke imizuzu emibini echazwe ngasentla iyoyikeka ngakumbi kwisixeko sangaphakathi, kuba kukho imibuzo emine ebalulekileyo ukufumana iimpendulo: 3. Ukuba i-fire hydrant ilungile kwaye ilungisiwe, iya kuhamba amanzi ngexesha lovavanyo, okanye iza kwaphuka okanye ibe ngumkhenkce? 4. Ukuba umbhobho wokucima umlilo usebenza kakuhle, ngaba isigqubuthelo sinokususwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze kudityaniswe umbhobho wokufunxa? Ukuze ubuqonde kakuhle ubunzima obufunyanwa yimibhobho yokucima umlilo kwiindawo ezinomonakalo omkhulu nokuba kutheni le mibandela mine ibaluleke kangaka, qwalasela ezi ziganeko zintathu zilandelayo. Umqhubi weNkampani yeNjini ye-Bronx exakekileyo wasabela kuqala ngenxa yomlilo kwigumbi lokusebenza. Emva kokumisa phambi kwesakhiwo somlilo ukuvumela ukuba isibambo sandiswe, waqhubeka efumana umbhobho womlilo ecaleni kwebhloko. Eyokuqala "isixhobo sokucima umlilo" awasifumanayo yayingengombhobho wokucima umlilo, kodwa i-emele nje esezantsi ephuma emhlabeni-isixhobo sokucima umlilo ngokwaso sasiphelile! Njengoko wayeqhubeka nokukhangela, isixhobo sokucima umlilo esilandelayo asifumene silele ngecala. Ekugqibeleni, wabona umbhobho wokucima umlilo ume nkqo, phantse umgama onesiqingatha ukusuka kwisakhiwo somlilo; ngethamsanqa, yabonakala isebenza. Abanye kwinkampani yakhe bakhalaza kangangeentsuku ezininzi malunga nokuba lixesha elingakanani bekhupha amanzi baze baphinde bapakishe ithumbu, kodwa umqhubi wawenza umsebenzi wakhe waza waqinisekisa ukuba kukho amanzi ngokuqhubekayo xa ejamelene nobunzima obugqithiseleyo. Xa umqhubi ophezulu osuka kumntla-mpuma weBronx wafika, wabona umlilo omkhulu kumgangatho wokuqala wefestile yendlu yangasese ehlala abantu. Kukho umbhobho womlilo ecaleni kwendlela ekufutshane, ebonakala ngathi iyakhawuleza kwaye kulula ukuyidibanisa. Kodwa inkangeleko inokukhohlisa. Umqhubi wabeka i-wrench kwi-nut yokusebenza kwaye wayivula nge-lever, kwaye yonke into yokucima umlilo yawela kwicala elinye! Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba aye kumbhobho wokucima umlilo olandelayo, wazisa amagosa akhe ngonomathotholo ophathwayo ukuba kwakuza kubakho ukulibaziseka kunikezelo lwamanzi (kwaye wazisa inkampani ye-injini eyayiza kufuneka okwesihlandlo sesibini, nje ukuba ifuna uncedo). Ukongeza ekunxibelelana nakuphi na ukulibaziseka okanye eminye imiba, xa amanzi kwitanki ecinezelekileyo ebonelelwa ngomtya wesandla, amagosa okanye iqela lombhobho kufuneka aziswe ngalo mba. Akuba ekho amanzi ombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi, olu lwazi kufuneka luxelwe kumagosa kunye neqela lemibhobho ukuze batshintshe ubuchule babo ngokufanelekileyo. Kukho enye ingongoma: abaqhubi abalungileyo bahlala begcina itanki ye-booster epheleleyo ngexesha lokusebenza, njengendlela yokukhusela, xa kwenzeka ukuba umbhobho womlilo ungabi namanzi. Ndiza kubonelela ngomzekelo wobuqu ukubonisa ubunzima obuhlala budibana nabo xa uzama ukususa isigqubuthelo esikhulu kumdibaniso wombhobho womlilo. Kuba isixhobo esichasene nokonakaliswa kunye nesigqubuthelo sibambekile okanye sikhenkceke endaweni, abaqhubi benkampani yethu bahlala besebenzisa isando ukubetha ikhava nganye, besebenzisa izithonga ezininzi ezinobundlobongela. Ukubetha i-cap ngale ndlela kuya kusasaza i-debris ebanjwe kwimicu, kwaye i-cap inokususwa ngokulula. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidluleyo, ndabelwa ukuba ndivule inkampani yeenjini eMntla Manhattan. Malunga nentsimbi yesi-5:30 kusasa, ngenxa yomlilo wendlu eneentsapho ezininzi, eyathi kamva yabonakala ingumlilo obulalayo, sathunyelwa kuqala. Ngaphandle komkhwa, ndibeke i-8-pound maul ekuqaleni kokhenketho kwindawo eqhelekileyo kwi-rig, xa ndiyifuna. Ngokuqinisekileyo, isiciko kwisixhobo sokucima umlilo endisikhethileyo sasifuna ukunkqonkqozwa kaninzi ukuze sisuse isiciko ngesikrufu. Ukuba izithonga ezininzi ngesando (okanye umva wezembe, ukuba akukho sixhobo) musa ukukhulula isigqubuthelo ngokwaneleyo ukuze uvumele ukususwa, ungatyibilika icandelo lombhobho ngomqheba wesixhobo somlilo ukuze ufumane amandla amakhulu. Andicebisi ukuba ndibone i-wrench bend kunye nokuqhekeka ngokucofa kwi-handle ye-wrench ngokwayo. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokucima umlilo kufuna ukubona kwangaphambili, uqeqesho kunye nokucinga ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yomlilo. Izixhobo ze-injini kufuneka zixhotyiswe ukuphendula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela ngamanzi, kwaye abaqhubi kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngeerediyo eziphathwayo ukuphucula unxibelelwano lomlilo. Zininzi iincwadi zezifundo ezigqwesileyo kwimisebenzi yenkampani yeenjini kunye neenkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi; Nceda uqhagamshelane nabo ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemibhobho ekuthethwa ngayo kweli nqaku kunye nezinye izihloko ezinxulumeneyo.