russia umgangatho wentsimbi ivelufa yesango lentsimbi pn16

Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi oluphezulu-uxinzelelo oluphezulu-olunye uhlobo lwe-high-pressure fire hydrant lubonelela ngamanzi ngaphezu kweelori ezintathu zomlilo-itanki yamanzi yokulwa nomlilo isetyenziswe njengetanki yamanzi egciniweyo xa kungekho manzi omlilo akhoyo eSan Francisco. inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi ancedisayo esetyenziselwa kuphela ukukhusela umlilo. Ibandakanya inkqubo yokuhambisa ezaliswe ngamanzi acocekileyo anoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ondliwe ngumxhuzulane ovela kwitanki yamanzi kunye netanki enkulu yokugcina amanzi, kwaye idityaniswe nezikhululo zokupompa ezimbini ezigudle unxweme lwebhayi, ezikwaziyo ukumpompa amanzi anetyuwa ngokuthe ngqo. inkqubo. Inkqubo yokuhambisa iquka uthungelwano lombhobho otshisa iindawo ezixineneyo ezakhiweyo zesixeko kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko lomlilo kwindawo emalunga neekhilomitha ezili-9 1/2 zesikwere. Ukuze kukhuselwe ii-piers kunye neendawo ezingagcwaliyo kunye namazibuko kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, iinqanawa ezimbini zokucima umlilo zenziwe. Ezi nqanawa zinokudityaniswa kwinkqubo yokusasazwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezibekwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, ezivumela iinqanawa ukuba zimpompe amanzi olwandle ukusuka kwi-bay ukuya kwinkqubo yokuhambisa. Itotali yamatanki amanzi okulwa nomlilo ali-141 akhiwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwidolophu yonke, nakwizitrato ezingaphandle kweendawo ezigutyungelwe yinkqubo yemibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. La matanki amanzi kufuneka agcinwe egcwele amanzi amatsha kwaye asetyenziswe ngaphandle kwemibhobho yokucima umlilo. Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi ngeenjongo zasekhaya, ezizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo echazwe kweli nqaku, idityaniswe namanzi aphantsi koxinzelelo lomlilo kuwo wonke umzi, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kwiindawo ezixineneyo. I-alarm system ye-lira yasekwa kunye nenkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi ancedisayo, kwaye isikhululo somlilo samiselwa embindini. Umsebenzi wenkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi ancedisayo waqala ngo-1909 kwaye wagqitywa ekupheleni kuka-1913 phantsi kobunkokheli benjineli yedolophu yangoku uMM O'Shaughnessy. Ixabiso lilonke lenkqubo yi-5,756,000 yeedola, kwaye inokugcina imali ye-inshurensi minyaka le. Imali idlula i-$1,400,000. Inkqubo yokusabalalisa iqulethe i-74.5 yeekhilomitha zemibhobho yentsimbi. I-tube ngokusisiseko ihambelana neenkcukacha zeNew England Water Association kwaye ihlolwe kwifektri. Xa kuhlolwa umbhobho, kumthungo ngamnye othe tye olinganiswa kumjikelo ongaphakathi wombhobho, ilitha enye yamanzi ivuza rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24. Ubungakanani bombhobho buvela kwi-intshi ezingama-20 ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-8 ububanzi, kunye nobubanzi obuyi-14 intshi. Umbhobho we-8-intshi usetyenziselwa kuphela iingcingo ukusuka kwisitalato esikhulu ukuya kwi-fire hydrant. Ngaphandle kwezinye iindawo (inani lesine), yonke imibhobho imile okwentsimbi kunye nemibhobho yecasing. Eminye imibhobho ibekwe kumhlaba ogcweleyo ukuze idlale indima enkulu kumalungu xa kwenzeka inyikima okanye intlekele yenyikima. Indima ye. Umbhobho weplagi weplagi ophantsi komhlaba wabekwa kule mimandla, eyanqunyulwa kumbhobho kumhlaba oqinileyo ngevalve evaliweyo. Enye yeevalvu yayivuliwe kufuphi nesikhululo somlilo, ivumela ukufikelela kwindawo. Ekubeni iSan Francisco yakhiwe ikakhulu kuluhlu lweenduli, ukuze kunikwe ingxelo ngokumahluko ekuphakameni, abantu bafumanise ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwahlula inkqubo kwiindawo ezimbini, ezibizwa ngokuba "yindawo ephezulu" kunye "nendawo ephantsi". Ummandla ongentla yinxalenye engaphezulu kweenyawo ze-150 ukuphakama, kwaye indawo engezantsi yindawo engaphantsi kweemitha ezili-150 ukuphakama. Ivalve evaliweyo kwindawo ephezulu inqunyulwe kwindawo ephantsi. Indawo nganye inikezelwa ngetanki yokugcina eyahlukileyo. I-reservoir enkulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Shuangfeng Reservoir, ibekwe phezulu kwaye ixhunywe kwiitanki zokugcina kwindawo ephezulu, indawo ephantsi kunye nommandla ophezulu ngokusebenzisa umbhobho ongaphezulu okhokelela ngqo kwi-reservoir. Le mibhobho idla ngokudlula kwiivalvu ezivaliweyo. Cima. Ukuba kukho umlilo omkhulu, okanye uxinzelelo olufunwa ngumlilo lukhulu kunoxinzelelo olubonelelwa ngokuphakama kwetanki yamafutha, ungayivula. Apho imibhobho inqumla enye kwindawo ekudibanela kuyo isitalato, kubekwa iivalvu ezine, enye kumbhobho wepropati nganye, ukuze nayiphi na ibhloko ibe nokunqunyulwa kuyo yonke inkqubo xa kukho uphazamiseko. Kukho i-907 i-fire hydrants kwi-system, kwaye i-fire hydrant nganye ine-3 ye-intshi kunye nobubanzi be-3 1/2 intshi, apho i-intshi ezimbini ziyancipha zibe yi-3 intshi ububanzi. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kwi-fire hydrant kwindawo ephezulu yi-130 pounds. Nge-intshi nganye yesikwere, i-143 yeeponti kwindawo esezantsi. Nge-intshi nganye yesikwere. Ivalve yi-parallel face disc enganyukiyo isiqu, i-bronze lining, kunye nobubanzi obuyi-intshi ezi-2 ezincinci kunayo nayiphi na into enobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-intshi ezili-10. Iivalvu ze-intshi ezili-16 kunye ne-18 intshi zine-3-intshi kunye ne-4-intshi ye-bypass valves, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye inokubekwa ngokuthe nkqo okanye ngokuthe tye. Isigcina-ntloko kunye nevalve yokudlula efunekayo kwindawo ethe tyaba yahlukile kwezo zikwindawo ethe nkqo. Beka iivalvu ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-intshizi ezili-10 kwimingxuma yekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo, faka iivalvu ezi-8-intshi kunye ne-10-intshi ngaphantsi komhlaba, apho iivalvu ezii-intshi ezisi-8 zine-6-intshi yokunyuka, kunye ne-10-intshi yee-cones zekhoni zokunyuka. Kukho indawo yokugcina amanzi enomthamo we-10,000,000 yeegaloni kwii-Twin Peaks. Amanzi aziimitha ezingama-758 ukuphakama. Inokwakheka kombhoxo kunye ne-axis ye-375 yeenyawo kunye ne-280 yeenyawo. Ithambeka elisecaleni lizimbini kwicala elithe tye kwaye elinye kwicala elithe nkqo, ubunzulu bamanzi buziimitha ezingama-25. Amacala kunye nezantsi zifakwe kwii-slabs zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo, kwaye kukho izixhumanisi zokwandisa phakathi kwe-slab nganye. Ikwahlulwe ngamacandelo amabini alinganayo ngodonga oluqinisiweyo lwesahlulelo sekhonkrithi, kunye nezixhaso ezinamandla kwicala ngalinye. Ibhayi nganye inebhayi yangaphambili ezimeleyo kunye negumbi lesango. Iibhayibhile ezimbini zangaphambili zixhunywe ngombhobho wama-intshi angama-20 kunye nesango kwinqanaba ngalinye. Amagumbi amabini okutshixa adityaniswe ngombhobho wama-intshi angama-20, kunye nevalve yesango kwinqanaba ngalinye. Icandelo ngalinye linombhobho we-intshi ezingama-20 ukusuka kumbhobho ukuya kwitanki yokugcina indawo ephezulu kunye nommandla. Nangona kunjalo, banqanyulwe kwinkqubo yokusabalalisa ngeevalve ezivaliweyo kule mibhobho ye-intshi engama-20 kwaye zivulwe kuphela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Itanki yokugcina izaliswe ukusuka kwitanki yokugcina ephezulu ngeepompo ezimbini zombane ze-centrifugal ezibekwe kwitanki yokugcina ephezulu, kwaye impompo nganye ye-centrifugal inomthamo we-700 iilitha ngomzuzu. Le ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yiTanki ye-Asbury Heights kwaye ikwiSitrato sase-Asbury phakathi kwe-17th kunye ne-18th Streets. Sisakhiwo sepleyiti yentsimbi kwisiseko sekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo enobubanzi obuziimitha ezingama-55, ubude obuziintshi ezingama-29 1/2 intshi, kunye nomthamo weelitha ezingama-500,000. Ukuphakama kwamanzi ziinyawo ezingama-493.5. Imibhobho emithathu yee-intshi ezili-18 ikhokela ukusuka kulo mbhobho ukuya kwinkqubo yommandla ongasentla kwaye izaliswe ngaphantsi komxhuzulane ngombhobho oyi-intshi ezi-6 oqhagamshelwe kwitanki yokugcina yeNkampani ye-Spring Valley yeClarendon Heights. Isango lesango eliqinisiweyo libekwe phambi kwetanki yamanzi. Le ikwabizwa ngokuba yiJones Street Tank kwaye iphakathi kweJones Street, Sacramento kunye neClay Street. Sisakhiwo sekhonkrithi esomeleziweyo esinomthamo weelitha ezingama-750,000. I-diameter yangaphakathi yi-60 yeenyawo kwaye ukuphakama yi-35 iinyawo ze-10 intshi. Umgangatho wamanzi ungama-369 eenyawo. Ummandla ongezantsi unikezelwa kwitanki yamanzi ngamapayipi amabini angama-intshi angama-18. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, itanki yamanzi inokugqithwa kwaye indawo ephantsi inokubonelelwa ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu. Itanki yokugcina yazaliswa ngumxhuzulane ngombhobho we-intshi ezi-6 ophuma kwitanki yokugcina iClay Street yeSpring Valley Water Company. Ijelo lekonkile elomeleziweyo ladityaniswa netanki yamanzi, yaye kwakukho nomcimi-mlilo. Isikhululo sikwiSitrato seSibini kunye neSitalato saseTownsend kufutshane nesiphelo esisemazantsi senkqubo yokusasaza kwaye siyilelwe ukumpompa amanzi anetyuwa ukusuka kwibhayi ukuya kwinkqubo. Isakhiwo sisakhiwo sekhonkrithi esomeleziweyo. Yakhelwe phezu kwelitye eliqinileyo kwaye yenzelwe ukumelana neenyikima, kuthiwa sesona sakhiwo sinamandla eSan Francisco. Ixhotyiswe ngeeseti ezine zeempompo ze-turbo ezinamanqanaba amaninzi, eziqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-750-horsepower uCurtis uhlobo oluthe tyaba olungagungqiyo lweinjini yomphunga. I-injini yomoya nganye inomthamo oqinisekisiweyo weelitha ezingama-2700 kunye nomthamo wokwenene wama-3,000 eegaloni zebrine ngomzuzu. Intloko inobunzima obungama-300 eeponti. Nge-intshi nganye yesikwere. Umpompo unikezelwa ngetonela yekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo kunye nobubanzi beenyawo ezi-6, eqala ukusuka kwi-bay. Izibuko lokufunxa lempompo linobubanzi obuyi-intshi ezili-12 kunye nentloko yeefithi ezili-15. Ziye zikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yendawo ephantsi ngokusebenzisa iipayipi ezimbini ze-intshi ezingama-20. Zisibhozo zizonke 350 HP Babcock & Wilcox izibhoyila. Ezi bhoyili zifakwe kwiibhetri ezine, nganye kuzo iqulethwe ngamabhoyili amabini kwaye ifakwe kwindawo evaliweyo yezitena kunye nentsimbi. Ibhetri nganye iqhagamshelwe kwitshimini yekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo eyahlukileyo, eyi-intshi ezingama-68 ububanzi kunye neemitha ezingama-90 ngaphezulu komgangatho wekhabhini. Ezi bhoyili zisetyenziselwa ukutshisa ioli yeoli, kwaye kukho itanki yokugcina ioli enomthamo we-2,000 barrel phantsi kwesitrato ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Umgangatho ongaphantsi uye wembiwa kubunzulu obufanelekileyo ukunika iitanki zamanzi ezinoxande ezizixande eziqinisiweyo ezixhasa umgangatho wegumbi lokubilisa kunye nokubonelela ngeelitha ezi-1,000,000 zamanzi acocekileyo kwibhoyila. Amanzi amatsha kunye nogcino lwegrisi olubonelelweyo lwanele ukuqhuba yonke indawo yokusebenzela iiyure ezingama-96. Esi sikhululo simi eBlack Point eFort Mason, kumantla esiphelo senkqubo yokusasaza. Isixhobo siphantse safana neso sesikhululo sokuqala, ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswa ibhoyila ye-Stirling endaweni yebhoyila ye-Babcock & Wilcox. Khokela imibhobho emibini ye-intshi engama-20 ukusuka kwisikhululo, enye ikhokelela kwindawo ephezulu kwaye enye ikhokelela kwindawo esezantsi. Yonke inkqubo ihlala igcwele amanzi acocekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kwimeko yomlilo, iinjini, iinqwelo ze-hose, iigwegwe, iileli kunye neenqaba zamanzi, zonke izixhobo eziqhutywa yimoto kufuneka ziphendule ifowuni. Isizathu sokuba i-injini iphendule umnxeba kungenxa yokuba i-fire hydrants ye-Spring Valley Water Company igubungela ummandla ngokupheleleyo kunezixhobo zokucima umlilo zenkqubo yokucima umlilo. Ngoko ke, kudla ngokufunyaniswa ukuba ukusebenzisa le mibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kulula ngakumbi ukusebenzisa umbhobho womlilo kunye nokusebenzisa injini. Endaweni yokucoca ibhloko enye okanye ngaphezulu kwesitrato kunye nokusebenzisa imibhobho yokucima umlilo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-trolley ye-hose esetyenziswayo ifakwe ibhetri esweni, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa i-trolley yebhetri. Xa usebenzisa i-high-pressing fire hydrant, qala udibanise ivalve yokukhulula uxinzelelo kwindawo yokuphuma yombhobho womlilo. Ivalve iqhele ukusetwa kwi-120 pounds. Uxinzelelo, oku kuya kuvelisa malunga neepounds ezingama-90 zoxinzelelo lombhobho. Ithumbu elinobude obuziimitha ezingama-200. Isixhobo sokucima umlilo esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu siya kuba namanzi amaninzi phantsi koxinzelelo kuneelori ezintathu ezinkulu zomlilo esixekweni. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, eneendawo ezimbini zokuphuma kwimibhobho emithathu yomlilo, kunye ne-hoses ezimbini eziphuma kuyo zibonelelwa ngokudityaniswa okudibeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba i-fire hydrant 8 hoses iveliswe, i-1 1. /4 intshi ubukhulu. Ubunzima bombhobho yi-100 pounds. Uxinzelelo lwe-nozzle lunokufumana iilitha ezingama-2290 ngomzuzu ukusuka kwisixhobo somlilo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-2250 iilitha ngomzuzu kwiilori ezintathu zomlilo. KwiSikhululo sokuPompa iNombolo ye-1, isethi enye yeebhoyili ihlala igcinwe phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-steam, kwaye iibhoyili ezisele zingafakwa kwimizuzu engama-30. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela kwimeko yomlilo omkhulu okanye inyikima enkulu, elandelwa ngumlilo omkhulu, kufuneka i-brine kwindawo yokupompa okanye inqanawa yokucima umlilo isetyenziswe. Ukuba umlilo omkhulu uyenzeka kwindawo ephantsi, i-valve yesango enye okanye ngaphezulu inokuvulwa ukuze ivelise iipounds ezingama-214 zoxinzelelo kwindawo ephantsi, kwaye inkqubo yendawo engezantsi inokudibaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimibhobho kwindawo ephezulu. Nge-intshi yesikwere, okanye inokudityaniswa kwi-double peak reservoir ngendlela efanayo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu luyi-328 pounds. Nge-intshi nganye yesikwere kwindawo esezantsi. Ibhokisi ye-alarm yomlilo ibekwe kwisitalato, ukwenzela ukuba abasebenzi abaphethe ulawulo lomlilo banokuthumela ngokuthe ngqo i-telegraph kubagadi bamatanki kunye namadama. Xa umthamo omncinci wamanzi utsalwa ngokudityaniswa komlilo A (umzekelo, amanzi amancinci kuneemfuno zokutshiza), amanzi aya kuhamba nge-bypass B ngenxa yokuba ukuchasana kwale ndlela kungaphantsi kokumelana nediski C yevalve ye-alarm. . E, ubuninzi buya kubhalwa kwimitha yamanzi D. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukuhamba kwenkqubo kwanda, ukuchasana kwi-bypass kuya kuba kukhulu kangangokuba kunyanzelisa amanzi nge-valve ye-alarm. Kule meko, i-valve flap kwi-valve ye-alarm iya kuphakama, ngaloo ndlela ivula i-port G kwi-tube encinci H. Igumbi lomoya J lifakwe kwi-tube yokunyamekela isando samanzi kwaye isebenze njengegumbi lokunciphisa ukukhusela ubuxoki. iialam. Emva koko, umbhobho H uqhagamshelwe kwisilinganisi soxinzelelo lokurekhoda K. Xa i-valve i-valve kwi-valve ye-alarm ibuyela kwisihlalo se-valve, iqhude M igcina umbhobho wokukhupha u-L ukhulula uxinzelelo lombhobho H. Ngoko ke, irekhodi irekhoda ixesha apho amanzi ahamba ngevalve yesivusi. Umbhobho omncinci we-N uphuma kumbhobho H, kwaye udibene ne-breaker circuit okanye i-motor yamanzi. Xa amanzi kumbhobho N ephakama, i-breaker circuit okanye i-motor yamanzi iya kusebenza, ngaloo ndlela ikhupha i-alamu yomlilo. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, inkqubo inamacandelo amane akhiwe kumhlaba ozaliswe, kwaye inxalenye nganye ine-valve evulekile. Xa kwenzeka inyikima enkulu, kucetyiswa ukuba uvale ezi zivalo ezivulekileyo. Ukuba kukho umlilo kuloo ndawo, ilori yomlilo iya kuzama ukujonga itanki yamanzi omlilo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi asekhaya ayisebenzi. Emva kokuba umlilo kwenye indawo kwisixeko ucinywe, abacimi-mlilo abaye bachithwa emlilweni baya kuphendulela ingqalelo yabo kwindawo evulekileyo kwaye baya kukhokelela kwimiqolo emide yemibhobho ephuma kwimibhobho yokucima umlilo kunye nezinto zokucima umlilo kumhlaba oqinileyo osondeleyo. Ukuze kucinywe imililo kwezi ndawo, izikhephe zomlilo zimiselwa kwindawo engasemanzini. Ukuze unikeze iinkonzo zokukhusela umlilo, inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi kufuneka ifakwe kwiCamp Sherman e-Circleville, eOhio. Uphuculo luya kubandakanya ukubeka imithombo yombane eyongezelelweyo kwisakhiwo ngasinye kunye nokufakwa kwemibhobho emi nkqo kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi lwe-90 pounds.