Intshayelelo yobushushu boxinzelelo lwevalve yokulinganisa ivalve yombane wehydraulic actuator

Intshayelelo yoxinzelelo lwevalvu yobushushu bomgangatho wobushushu bevalve yombane owenziweyo osebenza ngoxinzelelo lwendlela yokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu luxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza oluvumelekileyo kubushushu obuchaziweyo obubonakaliswa njengoxinzelelo lwegeyiji. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa linyuka, ukuphakama kwengcinezelo yokusebenza evumelekileyo kuncipha. Idatha yokulinganisa ubushushu boxinzelelo sisiseko esisisiseko sokukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo kweeflange, iivalve kunye nokufakelwa kwemibhobho phantsi kobushushu obuhlukeneyo bokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo, kunye neeparitha ezisisiseko kuyilo lobunjineli kunye nokuvelisa. I-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992 imilinganiselo ye-flange yoxinzelelo-iqondo lokushisa kwi-American Petroleum Institute, i-Japan Petroleum Institute, i-French Petroleum Institute kunye ne-BS1560 Icandelo II zenziwa ngokuhambelana ne-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992 iqondo lokushisa loxinzelelo. Iqondo lobushushu boxinzelelo Uxinzelelo lwevalvu-yeqondo lobushushu luxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza kubushushu obuchaziweyo obubonakaliswe njengoxinzelelo lwegeyiji. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa linyuka, ukuphakama kwengcinezelo yokusebenza evumelekileyo kuncipha. Idatha yokulinganisa ubushushu boxinzelelo sisiseko esisisiseko sokukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo kweeflange, iivalve kunye nokufakelwa kwemibhobho phantsi kobushushu obuhlukeneyo bokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo, kunye neeparitha ezisisiseko kuyilo lobunjineli kunye nokuvelisa. Iqondo lobushushu boxinzelelo kunye nedatha yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ziboniswe kwiSahluko 4. Amazwe amaninzi aqulunqe imigangatho yoxinzelelo-ubushushu bomgangatho weevalvu, izixhobo kunye neeflange. I. Imigangatho yaseMelika Kwimigangatho yaseMelika, uxinzelelo lweqondo lokushisa kwi-valve yensimbi luhambelana ne-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992, ASMEB 16.34-1996; Uxinzelelo kumazinga obushushu kwiivalvu zentsimbi ngokwe-ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Uxinzelelo kumazinga obushushu kwiivalvu zobhedu ngokwe-ASME/ANSI B16.15A-1992, iMibonelelo ye-ASME ye-B16 .24-1991. I-1) I-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992 ichaza iindidi ezimbini ze-flange ubukhulu besiNgesi kunye neeyunithi ze-metric, kwaye zidwelise uxinzelelo lwe-flange kunye nokulinganisa ukushisa okusebenzayo kwiinkqubo ezimbini ngokulandelanayo. Indlela yokumisela uxinzelelo lweyunithi yaseBritani - umlinganiselo wobushushu unikwe kwiSihlomelo D soMgangatho. Ukuthatha iiyunithi zemetric njengomzekelo, ifomula yokumisela umlinganiselo woxinzelelo-ubushushu bezinto ezahlukeneyo: Apho i-PT iluxinzelelo olukhulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza (MPa) kubushushu obuchaziweyo; PN -- Uxinzelelo lwegama (MPa); σ- - Uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo (MPa) lwemathiriyeli kwiqondo lobushushu elichaziweyo. Apho, ixabiso le-148 lixabiso loxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lwe-carbon steel material kwiqondo lokushisa, elibizwa ngokuba yi-reference coefficient yoxinzelelo. σ kwifomula iphenjelelwa yimpawu zeqondo lokushisa lezinto eziphathekayo, uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo kunye namandla esivuno sezinto eziphathekayo kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo, kunye nomthwalo webholithi. Ixabiso le-σ S lichazwe kwi-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Iintlobo ezininzi ze-100 zezixhobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zaseFransi zibandakanyiwe kumgangatho, ezibekwe ngokwamaqela afana nokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini. I-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992 imilinganiselo ye-flange yoxinzelelo-iqondo lokushisa kwi-American Petroleum Institute, i-Japan Petroleum Institute, i-French Petroleum Institute kunye ne-BS1560 Icandelo II zenziwa ngokuhambelana ne-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992 iqondo lokushisa loxinzelelo. 2) I-American ANSI B16.42-1985 "ipayipi yensimbi ye-ductile Flanges kunye neFlanged Fittings" umgangatho ubonelela nge-CL150 kunye ne-CL300 (PN2.0 kunye ne-PN5.0mpa) i-ductile yentsimbi ye-flange yoxinzelelo lweqondo lokushisa kwi-appendix yomgangatho ikwabonelela ngendlela yokuqulunqa. yeklasi yeqondo lokushisa loxinzelelo, Umgaqo wayo osisiseko, ububanzi bokusetyenziswa, izithintelo kunye neenkqubo ngokusisiseko zihambelana ne-ASME / ANSIB 16.5A-1992. 3) I-ASME B16.34-1996 idibanisa idatha yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lweqondo lokushisa kwiivalve ezine-flanged kwi-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992. Uxinzelelo-ubushushu bokushisa kweevalve ezinqamlekileyo kulo mgangatho zilandela indlela yokuqulunqa i-ASME / ANSI B16.5A-1992. Lo mgangatho udwelisa uxinzelelo - iitheyibhile zedatha yokukala ubushushu kwiivalvu zodidi oluqhelekileyo kunye ne-butt-welded standard kunye ne-butt-welded yeklasi ekhethekileyo. Kukho izinto ezingaphezu kwe-100 zevalve ezidweliswe kumgangatho, zahlulwe ngamaqela angama-27. Ii. Imigangatho yesiJamani imigangatho yaseJamani i-DIN2401-1977, iCandelo II, Uxinzelelo oluVumelelekileyo lokuSebenza kwiiKlasi zoxinzelelo lwemibhobho, intsimbi kunye neenxalenye zemibhobho yentsimbi, ngumgangatho obanzi wokulinganisa ubushushu boxinzelelo. Phakathi kwabo, uxinzelelo lokusebenza oluvumelekileyo lombhobho ongenamthungo, umbhobho odibeneyo, i-flange, i-valve, ukufakwa kombhobho kunye ne-bolt phantsi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokushisa zidweliswe. Lo mgangatho ubandakanya iintlobo ezi-6 zezinto ezi-flanged, iintlobo ezi-4 zezixhobo zevalve yentsimbi, iintlobo ezi-5 zentsimbi ekhandiweyo, iintlobo ezi-5 zentsimbi ekhandiweyo, zonke ziyimathiriyeli yoqobo. Zonke iintsimbi ziyi-carbon steel kunye ne-low alloy steel, insimbi engenasici ayifakiwe. Kucaciswe ngokucacileyo kumgangatho wokuba xa ezinye izinto ezahlukileyo kwizinto zokuqala zikhethwa, uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza luya kubalwa ngokomlinganiselo phakathi kwamandla eempawu zexabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nexabiso lamandla lezinto zokuqala ezichazwe kwi umgangatho kwi-20℃. Uxinzelelo lwempahla yensimbi engenasici - iqondo lokushisa, i-ISO/DIS70651 "i-steel flange" yongezwa. Ifomula yokumisela umlinganiselo woxinzelelo-ubushushu bezinto zensimbi ezingenasici: Apho i-PT yingcinezelo yokusebenza evumelekileyo (MPa) yezinto ezitsha ezichazwe kwiqondo lokushisa T; PN -- Uxinzelelo lwegama (MPa); σs- - amandla esivuno sezinto kwiqondo lobushushu T, okt Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa). Apho, ixabiso le-205 lixabiso lamandla emveliso yentsimbi ye-Cr18Ni8Mo kwi-20 ℃, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-reference coefficient yoxinzelelo. Okwesithathu, umgangatho wangaphambili weSoviet Owayesakuba ngumgangatho weSoviet TOCT356-1980 "iValve kunye nezincedisi zemibhobho yoxinzelelo oluncinci, uxinzelelo lovavanyo kunye nochungechunge loxinzelelo lokusebenza", zonke zihambelana nomgangatho we-cMIAC RTAB253-19760 Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci lubonakaliswa ifomyula elandelayo: Apho PT -- uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwesixhobo esikhankanyiweyo kwiqondo lobushushu T, (MPa); PN -- Uxinzelelo lwegama (MPa); σ20 -- Uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo (MPa) lwemathiriyeli kwi-200℃; Uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-σ S - -- iqondo lokushisa (MPa) Kwinqanaba langaphambili le-Soviet TOCT356-1980, izixhobo zihlanganiswe. Kulo mgangatho, uxinzelelo olukhulu oluvumelekileyo lokusebenza ngaphantsi kwe-200 ℃ luthathwa njengoxinzelelo lokusebenza phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo, kwaye lilingana noxinzelelo lwegama. Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 "Common Pipe Flanges" yindibaniselwano yomgangatho waseMelika ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 kunye nomgangatho waseJamani woxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lweklasi yeflange. Uxinzelelo, ke ngoko, imigangatho yokukala ubushushu yamkelwa ngokulandelelana e-United States naseJamani kumazwe amabini i-flange yoxinzelelo lobushushu bomgangatho womgangatho wokumisela indlela kunye ne-ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 ehambelanayo kuxinzelelo lwe-PN0.25, olufana ne-0.6, 1.0 , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa yinkqubo yeFlange yesiJamani; I-PN2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 42MPa yenkqubo ye-flange yaseMelika. Umgangatho woxinzelelo lobushushu kwisixokelelwano ngasinye usebenza kuphela kumgangatho weflange wenkqubo leyo. Okwesihlanu, imigangatho yesizwe yaseTshayina Umgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T9124-2000 (Isihlomelo A) "Iimeko zobuGcisa kwiiFlange zeMibhobho yeNsimbi" ibhekiselele kwimigaqo kunye neendlela zokuqulunqa uxinzelelo kunye nokulinganisa ubushushu kwi-German DIN2401-1977 kunye ne-American ASME / ANSI B16.5A -1992, kwaye isebenzisa izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo flange e China. Ngokomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe we-ISO/DIS7005-1-1992, i-flange pressure-temperature rating for two nominal pressure series (PNO.25 ~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) yaqulunqwa ngokulandelanayo. Umgangatho uxela iintlobo ezili-13 zezixhobo zeflange kumabakala angama-12 oxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, ubushushu bokusebenza obungama-20 ~ 530℃ ubukhulu obuvumelekileyo boxinzelelo lokusebenza. I-piston enye intonga ye-hydraulic cylinder Umfanekiso we-2-23 ubonisa umzobo we-schematic wepiston enye intonga ye-hydraulic cylinder. Le cylinder yehydraulic inentonga yepiston kwigumbi elinye kuphela. Indlela yokufakela yayo ineentlobo ezimbini ze-cylinder ezisisigxina kunye ne-piston rod esisigxina. Ukuze kuphuhliswe ukufuduswa komgca, ukulungiswa kwe-cylinder kusetyenziswa rhoqo. Indawo yokusebenza esebenzayo yepiston enye intonga yehydraulic cylinder enentonga yentonga kwaye akukho ntonga yentonga ayilingani. Ngoko ke, xa ioli yoxinzelelo ingena kwimiqolo emibini ye-cylinder kuxinzelelo olufanayo kunye nesantya sokuhamba, isantya kunye nokutyhalwa kwepiston kwiindlela ezimbini azilingani. I-cylinder ye-oscillating inokufezekisa i-oscillating reciprocating motion, i-Angle yayo ejikelezayo ingaphantsi kwe-360 °. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-actuator ye-hydraulic kwivalve yokulawula ayilunganga njenge-pneumatic kunye ne-actuator yombane. Ngokomgaqo, okoko nje umthombo wamandla we-actuator ye-pneumatic utshintshelwe kumthombo wamandla oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, unokuba yi-actuator ye-hydraulic. I-hydraulic actuator eneneni sisilinda esisebenza ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic, esetyenziswa kwi-hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, ikakhulu intonga enye yepiston yehydraulic cylinder kunye necylinder yehydraulic ejingayo. I-1 hydraulic cylinder (1) I-piston enye intonga ye-hydraulic cylinder Umfanekiso we-2-23 ubonisa umzobo oqingqiweyo we-piston enye intonga ye-hydraulic cylinder. Le cylinder yehydraulic inentonga yepiston kwigumbi elinye kuphela. Indlela yokufakela yayo ineentlobo ezimbini ze-cylinder ezisisigxina kunye ne-piston rod esisigxina. Ukuze kuphuhliswe ukufuduswa komgca, ukulungiswa kwe-cylinder kusetyenziswa rhoqo. Indawo yokusebenza esebenzayo yepiston enye intonga yehydraulic cylinder enentonga yentonga kwaye akukho ntonga yentonga ayilingani. Ngoko ke, xa ioli yoxinzelelo ingena kwimiqolo emibini ye-cylinder kuxinzelelo olufanayo kunye nesantya sokuhamba, isantya kunye nokutyhalwa kwepiston kwiindlela ezimbini azilingani. Umzobo we-2-23 Umzobo we-Schematic we-piston enye intonga ye-hydraulic cylinder A) xa i-oyile isondliwa ngaphandle kwentonga yentonga b) xa ioli isondliwa ngentonga yentonga c) xa udibaniso oluhlukeneyo lwe-cylinder ye-hydraulic lwenziwa kwi-FIG. I-2-23, kumfanekiso A, xa ioli yondliwa ngaphandle kwentonga yentonga, isantya sayo sinamandla okuvelisa; kumzobo B, xa ioli isondliwa ngentonga, isantya sayo sisiphumo; I-C ibonisa ukudityaniswa okungafaniyo kwe-cylinder ye-hydraulic, kunye nesantya sayo: amandla aphumayo. (2) I-Swing cylinder inokufikelela kwi-swing reciprocating motion, i-Angle yayo yokujingi ingaphantsi kwe-360 °. Uhlobo lwe-blade enye kunye ne-rack kunye nohlobo lwe-pinion zisetyenziswa kakhulu iisilinda ezi-oscillating. I-rack kunye ne-pinion swing cylinder yenza i-rack kwintonga yepiston phakathi kweepiston ezimbini. I-rack meshed kunye ne-gear yokutshintsha i-reciprocating motion ye-piston rod ibe yi-rotation ye-shaft ye-output, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 24. I-Single blade plate swing cylinder njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 2-25A, ixhomekeke kulwelo ukutyhala i-blade. ipleyiti kwi-cylinder ukuphumeza ujingi. Kule cylinder ejikelezayo, i-torque ejikelezayo yoxinzelelo oluphakathi P kwi-pendulum shaft iboniswe kwi-Figure 2-25b, kwaye ixabiso layo liyimveliso yoxinzelelo lwe-P kunye nomgama R. I-torque ye-traction eyenziwa nguxinzelelo oluphakathi olusebenza ngakwesobunxele. icala lepleyiti yencakuba iyonke ikwifomula, D -- isilinda umzimba ubukhulu (cm); D -- Ububanzi be-axis yokujingi (cm); P -- Uxinzelelo lokusebenza lokungena (MPa); H -- Iblade ububanzi (cm); Qu -- Displacement per revolution of swinging cylinder (CM3 / R) η - mechanical effective of swing cylinder η=0.8~0.85 Ukuba i-avareji yesantya sokujikeleza kweshafti yokujingi yaziwa njenge-N (r/min), ngoko ke ukuhamba kwevolumu yesilinda esijingi. Qu (L/min) Umfanekiso 2-24 Ipiniyoni kunye nesilinda sohlobo lwe-rack 1.1 'i-nati enye 2.2' ibholithi enye 3 isigqubuthelo sokuphela kwesinye 4,4 'ikhonkco elinye lokutywina ikhonkco 5.5' isihlalo esinye sasentwasahlobo / sasentwasahlobo 6,6 'irack enye ipiston 7 iqokobhe elinye 8.21 iwasha enye 9 enye ilastiki yokugcina iringi 10 enye iwasha eflethi 11.13.17.20.24 -- 0 iringi 12.25 -- isiphelo sesigqubuthelo iwasha esicaba Ukulungelelanisa ibholithi 15 - Piston bush 16 - piston guide ring 18- Gear shaft 19 ukuzala 22 - Ukuzala okuphezulu