Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenqubo yamakhemikhali: umhlahlandlela wezinkinga zengcindezi yesimo esizinzile nedlulayo

Uma i-10% yokucindezela okukhulu okuvunyelwe ukusebenza (MAWP) kudluliwe, umsebenzisi angase avule i-disc yokuphuka noma i-valve yokusiza ukucindezela. Uma umsebenzisi egijima eduze kwe-MAWP, sicela ucabange ukuthi ngenxa yezinguquko ku-inverter yepompo, izimo zokugeleza ezingazinzile kanye nokwandiswa kokushisa kwe-valve yokulawula, ukucindezela kokuhlinzwa, ukucindezela kokuqala kwepompo, ukucindezela kokuvala i-valve yokulawula ipompo kanye nokuguqulwa kwengcindezi kungase kwenzeke. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlonza ingcindezi ephakeme ngesikhathi somcimbi ofinyelele ku-MAWP. Uma umsebenzisi edlula i-MAWP, qapha ingcindezi yesistimu izikhathi ezingu-200 ngomzuzwana (amaphampu amaningi namasistimu amapayipi aqapha kanye ngomzuzwana). Inzwa yokucindezela kwenqubo evamile ngeke irekhode izikhathi zokucindezela ezidlula amafidi angu-4,000 ngomzuzwana ngohlelo lwamapayipi. Uma uqapha ingcindezi ngesilinganiso sezikhathi ezingu-200 ngomzuzwana ukuze urekhode izinguquko ezidlulayo, cabangela isistimu erekhoda isilinganiso esisebenzayo esimweni esiqinile ukuze kugcinwe ukuphathwa kwefayela ledatha. Uma ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi kukuncane, isistimu izorekhoda isilinganiso esisebenzayo samaphoyinti edatha ayi-10 ngomzuzwana. Kufanele kuqashelwe kuphi ingcindezi? Qala ukhuphuke nomfula wepompo, ukhuphuke umfula ubheke ezansi nomfula wevalvu yokuhlola, ukhuphuke nomfula uye phansi kwevalvu yokulawula. Faka isistimu yokuqapha ingcindezi endaweni ethile ezansi nomfula ukuze uqinisekise isivinini samagagasi kanye nokuqala kwegagasi lokucindezela. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa ingcindezi yokukhishwa kwephampu yokuqala. Isistimu yamapayipi iklanyelwe ukuthi ibe ngamaphawundi angu-300 (lbs) i-American National Standards Institute (ANSI), ukucindezela okuphezulu okuvunyelwe amaphawundi angu-740 iyintshi yesikwele (psi), futhi ukucindezela kokuqalisa kwephampu kudlula u-800 psi. Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa ukugeleza okubuyela emuva ngevalve yokuhlola. Iphampu isebenza ngokuzinzile ngokucindezela kwe-70 psi. Lapho iphampu ivaliwe, ukuguqulwa kwejubane kuzokhiqiza igagasi elibi, elibuye liboniswe emuva kugagasi elihle. Lapho igagasi elihle lishaya i-disc ye-valve yokuhlola, i-valve yokuhlola isavuliwe, okwenza ukugeleza kubuyele emuva. Lapho i-valve yokuhlola ivaliwe, kukhona omunye umfutho okhuphuka nomfula bese kuba igagasi lokucindezela elibi. Ukucindezela ohlelweni lwamapayipi kuyehla kuye ku- -10 pounds per square inch gauge (psig). Manje njengoba ukucindezela okudlulayo sekurekhodiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza imodeli yezinhlelo zokupompa namapayipi ukuze zilingise izinguquko zejubane ezikhiqiza izingcindezi ezibhubhisayo. Isofthiwe ye-Surge modelling ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake ijika lepompo, usayizi wepayipi, ukuphakama, ububanzi bepayipi kanye nezinto zamapayipi. Yiziphi ezinye izingxenye zamapayipi ezingaveza izinguquko zesivinini ohlelweni? Isofthiwe ye-Surge modeling inikeza uchungechunge lwezimpawu ze-valve ezingalingiswa. Isoftware yokumodela yesikhashana yekhompyutha ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze imodeli yokugeleza kwesigaba esisodwa. Cabanga ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukugeleza kwezigaba ezimbili okungabonakala ngokuqapha kwengcindezi yesikhashana ekufakweni. Ingabe ikhona i-cavitation ohlelweni lokumpompa kanye nokukhipha amapayipi? Uma kunjalo, ingabe kubangelwa ingcindezi yokudonsa iphampu noma ingcindezi yokukhipha iphampu phakathi nohambo lwepompo? Ukusebenza kwevalvu kuzokwenza ukuthi isivinini ohlelweni lwamapayipi sishintshe. Lapho usebenzisa i-valve, ingcindezi ekhuphukayo izokhuphuka, ingcindezi engezansi izokwehla, futhi kwezinye izimo i-cavitation izokwenzeka. Isixazululo esilula sokushintshashintsha kwengcindezi kungase kube ukunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza lapho uvala i-valve. Ingabe umsebenzisi uzama ukugcina izinga lokugeleza njalo noma ingcindezi? Isikhathi sokuxhumana phakathi komshayeli ne-pressure transmitter singabangela isistimu ukuthi iseshe. Kuso sonke isenzo, kuzoba nokusabela, ngakho-ke zama ukuqonda ingcindezi edlulayo ngesivinini samagagasi. Lapho iphampu ishesha, ingcindezi izokhuphuka, kodwa igagasi lomfutho ophezulu lizoboniswa emuva njengegagasi lokucindezela elibi. Sebenzisa ukuqapha kwengcindezi ephezulu ukuze ulungise amadrayivu okulawula izinjini namavalvu okulawula. Umfanekiso wesi-3 ubonisa ingcindezi engazinzile ekhiqizwa i-variable frequency drive (VFD). Ingcindezi yokukhishwa iguquguquke phakathi kuka-204 psi no-60 psi, futhi umcimbi wokuguquguquka kwengcindezi ye-s742 wenzeke phakathi kwehora elingu-1 nemizuzu engu-19. I-oscillation ye-valve yokulawula: Igagasi lokucindezela kokushaqeka lidlula ku-valve yokulawula ngaphambi kokuphendula igagasi lokuthuka. Ukulawula ukugeleza, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yangemuva kanye ne-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi konke kunesikhathi sokuphendula. Ukuze kuhlinzekwe futhi kwamukelwe amandla, iziqukathi zokushaywa kwe-pulsation nezihlikihla zifakwa ukuze kuvikelwe amaza okwethusayo. Uma unquma usayizi we-pulsation damper kanye ne-tank yokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda isimo esizinzile kanye namagagasi okucindezela okuncane kanye nobukhulu obukhulu. Ishaja yegesi kanye nomthamo wegesi kumele kube ngokwanele ukubhekana nokushintsha kwamandla. Izibalo zeleveli yegesi neyoketshezi zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ama-dampers nemikhumbi ye-buffer ene-multivariable constants engu-1 esimeni esizinzile kanye no-1.2 phakathi nemicimbi yengcindezi yesikhashana. Amavalvu asebenzayo (avuliwe/vala) kanye namavalvu okuhlola (vala) yizinguquko ezijwayelekile kwijubane elidala ukugxila. Lapho iphampu ivaliwe, ithangi le-buffer elifakwe ezansi nomfula we-valve yokuhlola lizonikeza amandla esivinini sokwehla kwamandla emali. Uma iphampu iphuma ejikeni, ingcindezi yangemuva idinga ukwenziwa. Uma umsebenzisi ehlangabezana nokuguquguquka kwengcindezi evela ku-valve yokulawula ingcindezi yangemuva, isistimu ingase idinge ukufaka isidambisi manzi esishisayo phezulu nomfula. Uma i-valve ivala ngokushesha kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi umthamo wegesi womkhumbi olawula ukucindezela ungamukela amandla anele. Ubukhulu be-valve yokuhlola kufanele bunqunywe ngokwezinga lokugeleza, ingcindezi kanye nobude bepayipi lepompo ukuze kuqinisekiswe isikhathi esifanele sokuvala. Amayunithi amaphampu amaningana anamavalufu okuhlola amakhulu kakhulu, avuleke kancane futhi a-oscillate ekugelezeni kokugeleza, okungabangela ukudlidliza okukhulu. Ukucacisa izehlakalo zokucindezela okukhulu kumanethiwekhi wepayipi lenqubo enkulu kudinga izindawo zokuqapha eziningi. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni umthombo wegagasi lokucindezela. Igagasi lokucindezela elibi elikhiqizwa ngaphansi komfutho womhwamuko lingaba inselele. Ukugeleza kwezigaba ezimbili zokusheshisa nokwehla kwegesi kungarekhodwa ngokuqapha kwengcindezi yesikhashana. Ukusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela be-forensic ukuthola imbangela yokuguquguquka kwengcindezi kuqala ngokuqapha kwengcindezi yesikhashana.