Ukucwilisa imikhiqizo yensiza yezokwelapha: okudingeka ukwazi

Uma kuziwa emikhiqizweni yokucwilisa i-rubber emulsion ewuketshezi, uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zenqubo ludinga ukuqedwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubunjwa okufanele, ukuvuvuka kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhasimende ekufakweni kokugcina. Ukubunjwa kwe-Dip kungakha izingxenye zemishini yezokwelapha ezihlala isikhathi eside ezinobumo obuhlukahlukene, osayizi nobukhulu bodonga, okuhlanganisa izembozo ze-probe, izimbongolo, izigxivizo zentamo, amagilavu ​​odokotela abahlinzayo, amabhaluni enhliziyo nezinye izingxenye eziyingqayizivele. Irabha yemvelo inokuqina okuhle kakhulu namandla aqinile, kodwa futhi iphethe iphrotheni engabangela ukungezwani komzimba womuntu. Ngokuphambene, i-synthetic neoprene ne-synthetic polyisoprene azibangeli ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. I-Neoprene ingakwazi ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwezinto eziningi; imelana nomlilo, uwoyela (omaphakathi), isimo sezulu, ukuqhekeka kwe-ozone, ukuhuzuka nokuqhekeka okugobekayo, ukumelana ne-alkali ne-asidi. Mayelana nokuzwa nokuguquguquka, i-polisoprene ithatha indawo eseduze yerabha yemvelo futhi inokumelana nesimo sezulu esingcono kune-latex yerabha yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, i-polyisoprene idela amandla athile aqinile, ukumelana nezinyembezi, kanye nesethi yokucindezela. Igama elithi "impregnation" lihlobene nokusebenza ngendlela yokukhulelwa. Eqinisweni, njengoba ukulandelana kubulawa, itafula lizocwiliswa kundaba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwerabha kuthobela imihlahlandlela kanye nezimfuneko zedivayisi yezokwelapha ye-FDA. Inqubo yokumilisela ingabonakala njengokulandelana kokuguqulwa: irabha iguqulwa isuka oketshezini iye kokuqinile, bese iguqulwa ngamakhemikhali ibe inethiwekhi yamangqamuzana evundile. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, inqubo yamakhemikhali iguqula irabha isuka efilimini entekenteke kakhulu ibe inethiwekhi yama-molecule angakwazi ukunwetshwa futhi akhubazeke, futhi abuyele esimweni sawo sokuqala. Inqubo yokuqinisa ayidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kuzo zonke izinqubo "zokucwilisa", kodwa ibalulekile ekucubunguleni kwethu ukulandelana. Irabha ingashintshwa isuke ewuketshezi iye eqinile ngokomiswa komoya, kodwa lokhu kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ezinye izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane zikhiqizwa ngale ndlela. Inqubo yokuqinisa isebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuphoqa lesi simo somzimba ukuthi sishintshe. I-coagulant iyingxube noma isisombululo sikasawoti, i-surfactant, i-thickener, ne-ejenti yokukhulula ku-solvent (imvamisa amanzi). Kwezinye izinqubo, utshwala bungasetshenziswa njengesixazululi. Utshwala buhwamuka ngokushesha futhi kuba nensalela encane. Amanye ama-coagulants asekelwe emanzini adinga usizo lwehhavini noma ezinye izindlela zokomisa i-coagulant. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-coagulant usawoti (i-calcium nitrate), okuyizinto ezingabizi kakhulu ezihlinzeka ngokufana okuhle kakhulu kwe-coagulation efomini elifakiwe. I-surfactant isetshenziselwa ukumanzisa ifomu elifakwe futhi liqinisekise ukuthi ukunamathela okubushelelezi, okufanayo kwe-coagulant kwenziwa efomini. I-ejenti yokukhulula, efana ne-calcium carbonate, isetshenziswa ekwakhekeni kwe-coagulant ukusiza ukususa ingxenye yerabha ephulukisiwe efomini elicwilisiwe. Isihluthulelo sokusebenza kwe-coagulant sihlanganisa ukumbozwa okufanayo, ukuhwamuka okusheshayo, izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, isivinini sokungena nokululama, nokuguqulwa okulula noma ukugcinwa kokugxiliswa kwe-calcium. Lesi yisigaba lapho irabha ishintsha khona isuka oketshezini iye kokuqinile. I-agent yamakhemikhali ekhuthaza ukuhlangana, i-coagulant, manje isetshenziswa efomini elifakiwe futhi yomile. Ifomu "libekwe", noma licwiliswe ethangini lerabha eliwuketshezi. Lapho irabha ihlangana ngokomzimba ne-coagulant, i-calcium eku-coagulant izobangela ukuthi irabha ingahlaliseki futhi ishintshe isuka ekubeni uketshezi iye kokuqinile. Uma imodeli icwiliswa isikhathi eside, udonga luqina. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali kuzoqhubeka kuze kube yilapho yonke i-calcium idliwe ku-coagulant. Ukhiye wokucwiliswa kwe-latex uhlanganisa isivinini sokungena nokuphumayo, izinga lokushisa le-latex, ukufana kwe-coagulant coagulant, nokulawula i-pH, i-viscosity kanye nengqikithi yokuqukethwe okuqinile kwerabha. Inqubo ye-leaching iyisigaba esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokususa amakhemikhali angafuneki asekelwe emanzini emkhiqizweni wokugcina. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokususa izinto ezingafuneki kwifilimu ekhulelwe ukucwilisa ngaphambi kokwelapha. Izakhi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa i-coagulant (calcium nitrate) nerabha (yemvelo (NR); neoprene (CR); i-polyisoporene (IR); i-nitrile (NBR)). I-leaching enganele ingaholela "ekujulukeni", amafilimu anamathelayo emkhiqizo oqediwe, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokwehluleka ukunamathela kanye nokungezwani komzimba. Isihluthulelo sokusebenza kwe-leaching sihlanganisa ikhwalithi yamanzi, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, isikhathi sokuhlala kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi. Lesi sinyathelo siyizinyathelo ezimbili. Amanzi efilimu yenjoloba asusiwe, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinga lokushisa kuhhavini lizokwenza kusebenze i-accelerator futhi iqale inqubo yokuphulukisa noma ye-vulcanization. Lapho ulungiselela izici ezingcono kakhulu zomzimba zezinhlobo ezahlukene zenjoloba, isikhathi sokuphulukisa kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuphulukisa kuyisihluthulelo. Kunezinketho eziningi zokwelapha ubuso bezingxenye ezicwilisiwe ukuze izingxenye zinganamatheli. Izinketho zihlanganisa izingxenye eziyimpuphu, i-polyurethane coating, i-silicone yokugeza, i-chlorination nokugeza insipho. Kumayelana nalokho amakhasimende akufunayo noma akudingayo ukuze enze imikhiqizo yawo iphumelele. Ukubhaliswa kwedizayini yezokwelapha kanye nokukhishwa kwemisebenzi. Beka uphawu lokubekisa, yabelana futhi uhlanganyele namajenali wobunjiniyela bedizayini yezokwelapha namuhla. I-DeviceTalks iyingxoxo phakathi kwabaholi bezobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha. Izehlakalo, ama-podcasts, ama-webinars, kanye nokushintshana komuntu ngamunye kwemibono nemininingwane. Umagazini webhizinisi wemishini yezokwelapha. I-MassDevice iyiphephabhuku lebhizinisi lezindaba ledivayisi yezokwelapha elixoxa indaba yamadivayisi asindisa ukuphila.