I-manual power standard indlela emibili ye-valve yesango

Ukulawula ngokushesha nokucisha imililo engathi sína kuyisenzo esiphumelela kakhulu sokusindisa ukuphila esingenziwa umnyango wezomlilo. Ukucisha umlilo okuphephile futhi okuphumelelayo kudinga amanzi—ngezinye izikhathi amanzi amaningi—futhi emiphakathini eminingi, amanzi atholakala ngamapayipi okucisha umlilo. Kulesi sihloko, ngizohlonza ezinye zezimo eziningi ezivimbela ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kwamapayipi omlilo, ngichaze amasu okuhlola kahle nokukhipha amapayipi omlilo, ngihlole izinqubo ezivamile zamapayipi amanzi, futhi nginikeze izeluleko eziningi neziphakamiso zokusiza izinkampani zezinjini. kulezi zimo ezilandelayo Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuthembekile ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza. (Ukuze uthole ukubukezwa okuhle kakhulu kwegama lepayipi lomlilo, izici zokuklama, nezindinganiso ezisebenzayo, siza ubheke ethi “Fire Hydrants” kwethi Paul Nussbickel’s Fire Engineering, January 1989, amakhasi 41-46.) Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke, amaphuzu amathathu kufanele ashiwo. Okokuqala, kuso sonke lesi sihloko, ngibhekisela kubacimi bomlilo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokushayela imishini (ipompo) kanye nokusebenza kwepompo ngokuthi "abashayeli benkampani yenjini" noma "abashayeli" nje. Eminyango eminingi, lo muntu ubizwa ngokuthi "unjiniyela" noma "u-opharetha wepompo", kodwa cishe kuzo zonke izimo, la magama ayafana. Okwesibili, lapho ngixoxa ngamasu afanele okuhlola, ukushaywa kwamanzi nokuxhuma umshini wokucisha umlilo, ngizothumela lolu lwazi ngokuqondile kumshayeli, njengoba ngokuvamile lokhu kuwumthwalo wakhe wemfanelo. Kodwa-ke, kweminye iminyango, kwafakwa izintambo zokuphakela umlilo zisuka emshinini wokucisha umlilo zifakwa emlilweni, okushiya ilungu elilodwa ukuthi lixhumanise futhi lishaje lapho liyaliwe. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki, lo muntu kufanele alandele izinqubo zokuhlola nokuwageza njengomshayeli. Okwesithathu, izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha azisaphazanyiswa ubugebengu basemadolobheni kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla, futhi imbalwa imiphakathi engeke ibhekane nokushoda kwesabelomali okuthinta izidingongqangi. Izinkinga osekuyisikhathi eside zithinta ukutholakala kwamapayipi omlilo emsebenzini wangaphakathi wedolobha manje sezikhona yonke indawo. Ukusebenza kahle kwamapayipi okucisha umlilo njengomthombo wokuphakelwa kwamanzi kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: Amapayipi amanzi epayipi lamanzi anomkhawulo ngobukhulu nokuguga, okuholela ekwehleni kwamanzi atholakalayo kanye nomfutho omile; futhi Nakuba inhloso yami kuwukufunda uhlobo lokuqala nolwesithathu lwezinkinga, kufanele ngigcizelele ukubaluleka kohlobo lwesibili lwezinkinga. Ukuqonda usayizi wamapayipi amanzi kanye/noma idatha yokuhlola ukugeleza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlela ngaphambi kwengozi nokusebenza kahle kwenkampani yenjini. (Bheka "Ukuhlolwa Kokugeleza Komlilo" ka-Glenn P. Corbett, Fire Engineering, December 1991, ikhasi 70.) Kufanele kunqunywe ukuthi imibhobho yokucima umlilo ehlinzekwa yipayipi elikhulu elinobubanzi obungaphansi kwama-intshi ayisithupha kanye nemithombo yokucima umlilo izinga lokugeleza elingaphansi kuka-500 gpm kufanele kunqunywe ukuvimbela Ubunzima ekusebenzeni kanye nokugeleza komlilo okwanele kwenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe indawo yamapayipi omlilo anezici ezikhethekile ezilandelayo: atholakala kumapayipi afile, adinga izesekeli ezikhethekile, aqukethe ama-nozzles angama-intshi angu-212 kuphela, futhi awakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-drain ngoba atholakala ezindaweni ezikhukhula. noma izindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ezibalwe ngezansi ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa ngendlela engafanele, ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe, nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla: Induku yokusebenza engasebenzi noma nati elisebenzayo lonakaliswe kakhulu ukuze isikrufu sepayipi lomlilo singasetshenziswa; Emiphakathini eminingi, umnyango wezamanzi wendawo uhlala uhlola futhi unakekele izinsiza zokucisha umlilo. Lokhu akubakhululi abezicishamlilo ekuzihloleni bona uqobo ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kwepayipi lokucima umlilo. Izisebenzi zenkampani yenjini kufanele ngezikhathi ezithile zihlole umshini wokucima umlilo endaweni yazo yokuphendula ngokukhipha ikepisi kumbobo omkhulu kakhulu (ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi "isixhumi somusi") futhi bawugeze kahle umgqomo ukuze bakhiphe imfucumfucu. Yenza izivivinyo ezinjalo ngesikhathi sokusabela kwe-alamu, ukuzivocavoca, neminye imisebenzi yangaphandle ukuze ukwenze umkhuba. Naka ngokukhethekile amapayipi omlilo angenaso isembozo; izingcezu kungenzeka zibekwe emgqonyeni. Hlanza kahle imibhobho yokucima umlilo esanda kufakwa ukuze uvimbele amatshe avaleleke epayipini elikhulu nesikhuphukeli ekutheni angalimazi iphampu nezinto zokusebenza. Okulandelayo ngamaphuzu athile abalulekile mayelana nezindlela zokuphepha zokuhlola kanye nokushawa kwamapayipi omlilo. Okokuqala, kumshini wokucisha umlilo onesivalo esiqinile endaweni yawo, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ipayipi lomlilo livaliwe ngaphambi kokuzama ukususa isivalo. Okwesibili, susa ikepisi kubhobho elikhulukazi emshinini wokucisha umlilo bese uvula ngembobo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi yonke imfucumfucu efakiwe iyasuswa. Okwesithathu, kungase kudingeke ukuqinisa ezinye izembozo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza noma, okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuvimbela isembozo ukuba singaphephuki ngobudlova lapho umshini wokucima umlilo uvulwa. Okwesine, yima njalo ngemuva kwe-fire hydrant lapho ushaywa. Ngokusobala, ukuma phambi kwakho noma eduze kwakho kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube manzi; kodwa isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokuma ngemva komshini wokucisha umlilo ukuthi amadwala namabhodlela avaleleke emgqonyeni wepayipi lomlilo noma isikhuphukeli kuzophoqeleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu Ngokusebenzisa i-nozzle, kuba i-projectile eyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ikhava ingase iqhume, ibangele ukulimala. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile lihlobene nezinga okufanele kuvulwe ngalo i-valve yokusebenza ukuze kushaywe kahle ipayipi lomlilo. Ngibone ukuthi umshayeli uvule umshini wokucisha umlilo izikhathi eziningana, evumela amanzi ukuba ageleze kubhobho elingavaliwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Lokhu kucindezela okuphezulu kungase kuphushe amathini e-aluminium, ingilazi namabhodlela epulasitiki, ama-candy wrappers e-cellophane, kanye nezinye izinsalela ngaphezu kwezinga lombhobho futhi kuvimbele ukuthi zingakhishelwa ngaphandle komgqomo. Khona-ke umshayeli wavala umshini wokucisha umlilo, waxhuma ipayipi elimuncayo, wavula futhi umshini wokucima umlilo, wagcwalisa iphampu yamanzi. Kungazelelwe—ngokuvamile njengesibambo sokuqala esingena endaweni yomlilo—amanzi azogeleza njengoba imfucumfucu engageziwe ingena emgqeni wokudonsa. Umugqa wokuhlasela waba bugayi, okwenza izisebenzi ze-nozzle zishintshe ngokushesha indlela; lapho umfutho we-intake wehlela ku-zero, umshayeli wavele wethuka. Indlela efanele yokugezwa ngamanzi ibandakanya ukuvula umbhobho wokucisha umlilo izikhathi ezimbalwa, ulinde imizuzwana embalwa, bese uvala ipayipi lokucima umlilo kuze kube yilapho amanzi akhishiwe egcwala cishe ingxenye yombobo wokuvuleka (bheka umfanekiso ekhasini 64). Ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla ngokwako kungase kukhubaze kancane noma ngokuphelele izixhumi zokucima umlilo. Ngivame ukuhlangana nama-fire hydrants anamakepisi angekho, izintambo ezingekho (imvamisa kakhulu kuma-nozzles angu-212-intshi), ama-valve caps alahlekile noma ama-bolts kuma-flanges alahlekayo, amantongomane asebenzayo agugile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe, angcono kuphela kunepensela Ububanzi bukhulu kancane. , i-hood iqhekekile, umgqomo uyabanda ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe ebusika, i-fire hydrant igoqa ngamabomu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iphinde ilahleke ngokuphelele. Izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukulwa nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla. EDolobheni laseNew York, izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zemishini yokucekela phansi impahla zifakwa emshinini wokucisha umlilo. Ngayinye yalezi zisetshenziswa idinga isikrufu esikhethekile noma ithuluzi ukuze isebenze, okwenza umsebenzi womshayeli ube nzima nakakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, kunamadivaysi amabili kumshini wokucima umlilo ofanayo-idivayisi eyodwa isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ikhava ukuthi ingasuswa, futhi idivayisi yesibili isetshenziselwa ukuvikela inadi elisebenzayo ekusetshenzisweni okungagunyaziwe. Emiphakathini eminingi, okuwukuphela kwamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kusebenze ipayipi lokucima umlilo isikrufu sepayipi lokucisha umlilo kanye ne-adaptha eyodwa noma ezimbili (izinga likazwelonke elixhunywe kuma-adaptha e-Storz, ama-valve amabhola noma ama-valve esango, kanye nama-valve exhaphozi lomlilo elinendlela emine yiwona avame kakhulu. ). Kodwa ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nedolobha, lapho ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla kudlangile futhi ukugcinwa kwepayipi lokucisha umlilo kungatshazwa, kungase kudingeke amanye amathuluzi amaningi. Inkampani yami yenjini eBronx iphethe izinhlobo ezingu-14—yebo, izikele ezihlukene ezingu-14, amakhava, amapulaki, ama-adaptha, namanye amathuluzi, ukuze nje bathole amanzi emshinini wokucisha umlilo. Lokhu akubandakanyi osayizi abahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zamapayipi okumunca nawokunikezela adingekayo ekuxhumekeni kwangempela. Ngokuvamile, inkampani enenjini eyodwa esebenza ngokuzimela noma izinkampani zezinjini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezisebenza ngokubambisana isungula ukutholakala kwamanzi emshinini wokucisha umlilo. Inkampani enenjini eyodwa ingasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezimbili ezivamile zokubeka ipayipi—ipayipi eliqondile noma ukubeka phambili nokubeka okuhlanekezelwe-ukuze kutholwe ukutholakala kwamanzi avela kumathuluzi omlilo. Ekubekweni okuqondile noma okuya phambili (ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi "i-hydrant to fire" laying noma "i-tandem" yokubeka impahla), imishini yenjini ipakwe endaweni yokucima umlilo phambi kwesakhiwo somlilo. Ilungu elilodwa lehlile futhi lakhipha amapayipi anele ukuze "likhiye" umshini wokucisha umlilo, kuyilapho likhipha izikele nezinsiza ezidingekayo. Uma izisebenzi "ze-fire hydrant" sezinikeze isignali, umshayeli wenjini uzoya esakhiweni somlilo nomsebenzi wepayipi lokuhambisa amanzi. Amalungu asele emshinini wokucisha umlilo abe esesula intomba yokucima umlilo, axhume ipayipi, bese eshaja ulayini wokuhlinzeka ngokohlelo lomshayeli. Le ndlela idumile ngoba ivumela ukuthi imishini yenjini ibekwe eduze nesakhiwo somlilo futhi ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezibambo ezixhunywe ngaphambili namapayipi edeski. Nokho, inemibi eminingana. Ububi bokuqala ukuthi ilungu elilodwa lihlala endaweni yokucima umlilo, kunciphisa inani labantu esakhiweni somlilo ukuze kusetshenziswe isibambo sokuqala. Okubi okwesibili ukuthi uma ibanga eliphakathi kwamapayipi omlilo lidlula amamitha angu-500, ukulahlekelwa kwe-friction yepayipi lokuhambisa amanzi kuzonciphisa kakhulu inani lamanzi afinyelela epompo. Iminyango eminingi ikholelwa ukuthi imigqa emibili engu-212-intshi noma 3-intshi ingavumela inani elifanele lamanzi ukuthi ligeleze; kodwa ngokuvamile, ingxenye encane kuphela yamanzi atholakalayo isetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Ipayipi elikhulu elingudayamitha [(LDH) amayintshi angu-312 nangaphezulu] lingakwazi ukusebenzisa kangcono imithombo yokucima umlilo; kodwa futhi iletha ezinye zezinkinga okuxoxwe ngazo ezigabeni ezimbili ezilandelayo. Okunye okungalungile kwesakhiwo sangaphambili ukuthi imishini yenjini iseduze nesakhiwo somlilo, futhi imishini yekheshi ingase ingafinyeleli endaweni engcono kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi enkampanini yesitebhisi sokuvuthwa kwesibili, evame ukusabela ngendlela ephambene nenjini yokuqala yokuvuthwa. Imigwaqo emincane ikhulisa inkinga. Uma imishini yenjini ngokwayo ingabonakali njengesithiyo, khona-ke i-hose yokuhlinzeka elele emgwaqweni kungenzeka kakhulu. I-LDH eshajwayo izodala izithiyo ezinkulu emishinini elandelayo ye-Ladder Company. I-LDH engashajwe nayo ingabangela izinkinga. Muva nje, kuqubuke umlilo ochungechungeni lwezitolo eLong Island, eNew York, futhi isitebhisi sombhoshongo sazama ukushayela phezu kwentambo eyomile engamayintshi angu-5 eyayibekwe injini ephelelwe yisikhathi kuqala. Ukuhlangana okubanjwe onqenqemeni lokuqhekeka kwesondo elingemuva, kwephule umlenze wesicishamlilo emshinini wokucisha umlilo, okwenza ulayini wokunikezelayo ungasebenziseki. Inothi elengeziwe mayelana nemishini yesitebhisi nemigqa yokunikezela: qiniseka ukuthi umhlukumezi kanye ne-outrigger awehliselwanga kuhose ngokungazi, ngaleyo ndlela wenze i-hose clamp esebenza kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi noma "umlilo ukuya emanzini", impahla yenjini iqala ukupakwa esakhiweni somlilo. Uma amalungu ethola umlilo odinga ukusetshenziswa kwezibambo, azokhipha amapayipi anele anemibhobho ukuze afakwe ngaphakathi naseduze kwesakhiwo somlilo. Emabhilidini anezitezi eziningi, kubalulekile ukususa amapayipi anele ukuze kufinyelelwe endaweni yesigameko ngaphandle "kokufinyeza". Ngokophawu oluvela kumsebenzi we-nozzle, isikhulu noma elinye ilungu eliqokiwe, umshayeli uya emshinini wokucisha umlilo olandelayo, awuhlole, awushaye, bese uxhuma ipayipi elihambisa amanzi. Uma ilungu lihlangabezana nomlilo ongathi sína, lingase "libeke phansi" isibambo sesibili esakhiweni somlilo ukuze sisetshenziswe enye inkampani yenjini noma lifake amapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu ukuze linikeze amapayipi ezitebhisi angenayo noma izitebhisi zombhoshongo. Umnyango Wezomlilo waseNew York City (NY) cishe usebenzisa kuphela ukubeka okuphambene (okubizwa ngokuthi "ukunwetshwa kwangemuva" ngamafuphi). Izinzuzo zokubeka emuva zihlanganisa ukushiya ingaphambili nezinhlangothi zesakhiwo somlilo zivuliwe ukuze kubekwe impahla yenkampani ileli; ukusetshenziswa kahle kwabasebenzi ngoba umshayeli angakwazi ukuxhumana nomshini wokucima umlilo ngokuhlukana; ukusetshenziswa kangcono kwamanzi atholakalayo ngoba injini isendaweni yokucima umlilo. Okunye okungalungile kokuhlelwa okuhlehliswayo ukuthi noma yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivamile ezisekelwe kumathuluzi ziyasuswa kunqolobane ye-tactical ngaphandle uma isisetshenziswa sokucima umlilo siseduze nesakhiwo somlilo. Okunye okungalungile ukuthi kungase kube khona isibambo eside esibekwe kanye nesidingo sokucindezela kwephampu ephezulu, okunganqotshwa "ukugcwalisa" noma yiliphi ipayipi elingu-134 noma amayintshi angu-2 ngepayipi elingu-212 amayintshi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana. Le ndlela iphinde ivumele inketho yokunqamula ipayipi elingu-134-intshi noma elingu-2-intshi futhi isebenzise isibambo esikhulu uma izimo ziba zimbi futhi zidinga ukusetshenziswa. Ukuxhuma inkanyezi enesango noma idivayisi "yesela lamanzi" kwipayipi elingu-212 intshi kunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Ku-FDNY, ubude obungu-6 (amafidi angu-300) wamapayipi angu-134-intshi avunyelwe ukugcina ingcindezi yokukhipha iphampu (PDP) ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile nelinengqondo. Izinkampani eziningi zithwala ubude obune kuphela, ziphinde zehlise i-PDP edingekayo. Okunye okungalungile kokubeka okuphambene ukuthi ngokuvamile akukwazi ukusebenzisa ama-handrails axhunywe ngaphambili. Nakuba lokhu kuyiqiniso, futhi ukuxhuma kwangaphambilini kuvumela ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwemigqa yezandla, umnyango wezomlilo uthembele kakhulu kuzo, futhi namuhla izicishamlilo ezimbalwa zingalinganisela ngokunembile ubukhulu bemigqa yezandla. Inkinga enkulu ngemigqa exhunywe ngaphambilini kungase kube indlela "yosayizi owodwa ulingana konke". Uma ipayipi lingeside ngokwanele, lokhu kungase kubangele ukubambezeleka okukhulu ekuniseleni umlilo. Ngaphandle uma amalungiselelo enziwe kusenesikhathi ukuze kunwetshwe ipayipi elixhunywe ngaphambili-lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngokusebenzisa izinkanyezi ezinesango nokuphindaphindeka-umlilo ungaphuma ekulawuleni ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi umugqa oxhunywe ngaphambili mude kakhulu. Emlilweni wakamuva, injini yokuqala yayiphambi kwesakhiwo somlilo, futhi kwakudingeka ipayipi elingamamitha angu-100 kuphela ukuze kufinyelelwe endaweni yomlilo futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokuphumelelayo ikhaya lomndeni owodwa. Ngeshwa, amapayipi amabili axhunywe ngaphambili aqhutshwa kumbhede wepayipi ophambanayo womabili ayengamafidi angama-200 ubude. I-kinking eyeqisayo ibangele ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi amaningi, okwanele ukuphoqa ithimba le-nozzle liphume emlilweni. Mhlawumbe indlela engcono kakhulu ukuhlomisa imishini yenjini ngayinye ngomthwalo wepayipi, okuvumela ukubeka okuqondile nokuhlehlayo. Le ndlela ivumela izinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka kwamaqhinga lapho ukhetha i-hydrant futhi ubeka indawo yamathuluzi. Kuze kube cishe ngawo-1950, izinkampani eziningi zezinjini zaziyizinkampani "ezikabili", ezihlanganisa imoto yepayipi efakwe amapayipi, okokufaka, nama-nozzles, kanye nenjini efakwe amaphampu namachweba okudonsa. Inqola yepayipi izotholakala eduze kwesakhiwo somlilo ukuze kube lula ukufinyeza ubude bentambo yokudonsa futhi ikwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zokusebenzisa "ishubhu yemoto". Injini izohlinzeka ngamanzi aphuma emshinini wokucisha umlilo aye enqoleni. Ngisho nanamuhla, amaphampu aphindwe kathathu asetshenziswa cishe emhlabeni wonke, futhi izinqubo eziningi zokuphakelwa kwamanzi zomnyango wezomlilo zidinga ukuba injini yokuqala ifakwe eduze kwesakhiwo somlilo, ngaphandle uma indawo yokucima umlilo iseduze, injini yesibili ixhunywe epayipini lokucima umlilo futhi inikeze eyokuqala. . Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa izinkampani ezimbili zezinjini ukwakha uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ukubeka injini yokuqala eduze nesakhiwo somlilo ukuze kuthunyelwe ngokushesha izibambo ezixhunywe ngaphambili. Njengoba iminyango eminingi yezicishamlilo inezinga eliphansi labasebenzi, ubude bomugqa wesandla kufanele bube bufushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yebanga elide lokuphendula, imisebenzi eminingi yokuhlasela umlilo iqalwa ngamanzi e-booster tank kuze kube yilapho injini yesibili efanele ifika ukusungula ukutholakala kwamanzi okuhle. Inzuzo yale ndlela phezu kokubeka okuqondile noma okuya phambili ukuthi uma isikhala se-hydrant sidlula amafidi angu-500, injini yesibili ingaletha amanzi enjinini yokuqala futhi inqobe noma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa kokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana kulayini wokuhlinzeka. Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi amakhulu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. Lapho ukuphakama kwesakhiwo sokucisha umlilo kuphakeme kunomshini wokucisha umlilo futhi umfutho we-static ubuthakathaka, le ndlela izophinde ibonise ukuthi inenzuzo ezindaweni ezinamagquma kakhulu. Ezinye izimo ezingadinga ukubambisana kwezinkampani zezinjini ezimbili ukuze kusungulwe ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi yilezi: Izinqubo zangempela ezisetshenziswa izinkampani ezimbili zezinjini ukumisa uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi zizoncika esimweni somgwaqo, isidingo sokuthi izinkampani zamaladi zingene emlilweni. isakhiwo, kanye nendlela yokusabela yenjini ngayinye. Izinketho ezilandelayo ziyatholakala: Injini esetshenziswa okwesibili ingakwazi ukucosha ulayini wokuphakela okhiyelwe kumshini wokucisha umlilo ngenjini esetshenziswa okokuqala, ixhume futhi ishaje; injini yesibili ephelelwe yisikhathi ingadlula kweyokuqala futhi ifakwe emshinini wokucisha umlilo; eyesibili Injini ephelelwe yisikhathi ingabuyiselwa enjinini yokuqala emgwaqweni futhi ifakwe emshinini wokucisha umlilo; noma uma isikhathi nebanga livuma, ulayini wokuhlinzeka ungaluleka ngesandla. Ububi obukhulu bokusebenzisa izinkampani ezimbili zezinjini ukusungula ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuqhubekayo emthonjeni owodwa ukuthi kulingana nokubeka wonke amaqanda anikezwa amanzi kubhasikidi owodwa. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, ukuvinjwa kwentambo yokumunca noma ukwehluleka kombhobho wokucisha umlilo, ngeke kube khona ukuduka kokunikezwa kwamanzi njengoba izinkampani zezinjini ngazinye zilungisa ezazo imithombo yokucima umlilo. Isiphakamiso sami siwukuthi uma injini yesithathu ngokuvamile inganikezwa i-alamu yomlilo yesakhiwo, sicela uyicele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Injini yesithathu kufanele ibe kwenye indawo yokucisha umlilo eduze nesakhiwo somlilo, futhi ilungele ukuphakela izibambo ngokushesha noma inikeze izintambo zokuhlinzeka ngezimo eziphuthumayo njengoba kudingeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwenqubo yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi evame ukusetshenziswa, inqobo nje uma umshini wokucima umlilo useduze nesakhiwo somlilo, kufanele ucatshangelwe. Lokhu kuvame ukuqeda isidingo senjini yesibili ukunika amandla injini yokuqala futhi kukhulula isikhathi sokuba injini yesibili izitholele umshini wokucisha umlilo, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ukungadingeki kwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umshini wakho wokucisha umlilo, injini yesibili ephelelwa yisikhathi kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi umshini wokucima umlilo wokuqala ophelelwa yisikhathi unomshini wokucisha umlilo "omuhle" futhi ngeke uqhume ngaphandle kokunikezwa amanzi ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezikhulu zenkampani yezinjini kanye/noma abashayeli kubalulekile. I-fire hydrant ekhethwe yinkampani yenjini ekhethwayo kufanele ibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka nesakhiwo somlilo, kodwa hhayi eduze kakhulu, ukuze ungabeki umshayeli kanye ne-drilling rig engozini. Ngemililo ethuthukisiwe lapho ufika, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi edeski kungaba yinzuzo; nokho, ubukhulu obunamandla bendawo ebhidlikile kanye nezindaba zokushisa okukhazimulayo kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ezinye izingozi zihlanganisa intuthu enzima kanye nengilazi ewayo, engabangela ukulimala okubi kanye namapayipi okusika. Emililweni eminingi, ayikho ingozi yokuwa nokushisa okukhazimulayo. Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kokucatshangelwa lapho ukhetha i-fire hydrant yinani lamapayipi adingekayo ukuze afinyelele emlilweni kanye nesidingo semishini ye-elevator ukuze ingene esakhiweni somlilo ngokushelela. Lapho imigwaqo imincane noma igcwele izimoto ezimile, ukuma kwenkampani yenjini kungase kube inselele. Umshayeli wenjini angakwazi kanjani ukugcina umshini wakhe ungasondeli emshinini wesitebhisi futhi asize ekubekeni isibambo ngokushesha nangempumelelo emlilweni? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ibandakanya ukucatshangelwa okubili okuhlobene-imbobo ethile yokudonsa iphampu okufanele isetshenziswe kanye nobude nohlobo lokuxhunywa (hose) olutholakalayo. Izinjini eziningi zesimanje zifakwe isango lokumunca ngaphambili. Ucezu "lwe-soft casing" luvamise ukuxhunywa ngaphambili ukuze lusetshenziswe ngokushesha. (Ezinye izinto zokudonsa zifakwe ukumunca ngemuva-esikhundleni sokumunca ngaphambili noma ukumunca okwengeziwe.) Nakuba ukuxhuma ngaphambili kwepayipi lokumunca akuyona inkinga, ukuthambekela kokuhlala kusebenzisa ukumunca ngaphambili ngenxa yokufaneleka kwakho kungase kube. Emigwaqweni emincane, ukusetshenziswa kokumunca ngaphambili ngokuvamile kudinga umshayeli wenjini ukuthi afake imishini yakhe “ikhala” emshinini wokucisha umlilo, avimbe umgwaqo futhi alimaze okokusebenza okufika kamuva. Lapho isiqephu esiphambanayo sepayipi elithambile lokumunca liba mfushane, kuba nkulu inkinga. Ngaphandle uma injini isendaweni ekahle, ubude obufushane bamapayipi athambile okumunca nawo anama-kink, okungavamile ukuba kwenzeke. Umshayeli kufanele alungele ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi imbobo yokudonsa ocingweni lwakhe ngokosayizi wezinketho zokuma okungenzeka. Amaphampu alinganiselwe ku-1,000 gpm nangaphezulu anezimbobo ezinkulu (eziyinhloko) zokudonsa kanye nama-inlets angu-212 noma ama-intshi angu-3 ohlangothini ngalunye. Ukumunca emaceleni kuyasebenza ngoba kuvumela imishini yenjini ukuthi ipakwe ngokuhambisana eduze komshini wokucisha umlilo, ugcine umgwaqo ucacile. Uma uxhumano lokumunca oluqinile lusetshenziswa esikhundleni sokumunca okuthambile, i-kinking ngeke ibe yinkinga. Uma ungenayo ipayipi elidonsa kancane eliqinile, cabanga ukugoqa ipayipi elithambile lokumunca ngemuva kwepayipi lomlilo ukuze unciphise ama-kinks. Ipayipi elithambile lokumunca kufanele libe lide ngokwanele ukuvumela lokhu. Okunye okucatshangelwayo uma usebenzisa i-side suction ukuthi imbobo yokudonsa eseceleni ayinasango. Okungenani izikhathi ezimbili lapho ngizama ukuvula i-valve yesango lokumunca ngaphambili, lapho ngiphendula isondo lokulawula kuphaneli yepompo, induku enentambo phakathi kwesango nesondo lokulawula yaxebuka, okwenza ukudonsa okungaphambili kungasetshenziswa. Ngenhlanhla, lesi simo asikaze senzeke ezimeni ezibucayi. Ungakushayi indiva iminyango enamasango; zingaba yigugu kakhulu lapho ukudonswa kweqhwa, izimoto, kanye nemishini yokucima umlilo kadoti, ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kokuxhunywa okuthambile noma okuqinile okuqinile. Kulezi zimo, "intambo endizayo" engamamitha angu-50 ubude ingathwalwa, ehlanganisa ipayipi elingama-intshi angu-3 noma ngaphezulu, ukuze lisize ukufinyelela kumshini wokucisha umlilo. Uma kuphakama izinkinga zengcindezi, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka emlilweni omkhulu, izinkampani eziningi zenjini ye-alamu kufanele zixhume ucezu lwepayipi elidonsa kanzima epayipini lokucima umlilo ukuze kuqedwe ingozi yokuwa kwepayipi elithambile noma eliqine kancane. Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni izixhumi zesitimu, cabanga ukuxhuma i-valve yebhola noma i-valve yesango kubhobho yomshini wokucima umlilo ongu-212 intshi. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukuxhuma i-hose yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi emnyango ovulekile ukuze unikeze umthamo owengeziwe, okungase kube usizo uma kwenzeka umlilo ezakhiweni ezingenamuntu, izakhiwo zokhuni ezixhunyiwe noma ezisondelene eduze, nezindawo ezinkulu "zabakhokhi bentela". Ezindaweni ezinenani eliphezulu lapho ama-hydrants aqhelelene eduze, injini eyodwa ingase ixhunywe kuma-hydrants amabili. Amanye amadolobha asagcina uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu, olungavumela izinjini ezimbili ukuba zihlanganyele umbhobho wokucisha umlilo. Ebusika, cabanga ukumboza wonke amajoyinti okumunca avele asobala nge-aluminium foil ukuze uvimbele iqhwa nokubanda, okungase kuvale ipayipi noma kuvimbele amalunga wesifazane ajikayo ukuthi ajikeleze ngokukhululeka. Umshayeli ophezulu we-FDNY Engine Company 48 uqambe igama elithi "imizuzu emibili yokwesaba" lapho echaza ulwazi lokuqala lwemizuzu emibili yomshayeli wenjini yokuqala endaweni yomlilo wesakhiwo. Phakathi nemizuzu emibili (noma ngaphansi), umshayeli kufanele abeke okokusebenza kwenjini eduze kwepayipi lokucisha umlilo, atatazele ukuze ahlole futhi ashaye umshini wokucisha umlilo, axhume ipayipi lokudonsa, ajove amanzi empompini, futhi axhume isibambo emnyango wokukhipha umlilo (noma qiniseka ukuthi Umbhede we-hose oxhunyiwe uyasuswa ku-hose), futhi iphampu ihileleke. Ngethemba ukuthi yonke le misebenzi isiqediwe ngaphambi kokuba iphoyisa libize amanzi. Njengomshayeli, isiteketiso esisodwa ongasifuni sithi "Sahara". Uma lokhu kungewona umthwalo wemfanelo okwanele, khona-ke imizuzu emibili echazwe ngenhla iyesabeka nakakhulu edolobheni elingaphakathi, ngoba kunemibuzo emine ebalulekile yokuthola izimpendulo: 3. Uma umshini wokucisha umlilo uqondile futhi ulungisiwe, uzogeleza amanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, noma izophuka noma ibe yiqhwa? 4. Uma umshini wokucisha umlilo usebenza kahle, ingabe isembozo singasuswa ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuxhunywe ipayipi lokudonsa? Ukuze uqonde kangcono ubunzima obuhlangatshezwa yizicishamlilo ezindaweni ezinomonakalo omkhulu nokuthi kungani lezi zindaba ezine zibaluleke kangaka, cabangela izenzakalo ezintathu ezilandelayo. Umshayeli weSouth Bronx Engine Company ematasa uphendule kuqala ngenxa yomlilo efulethini lokusebenza. Ngemva kokuma phambi kwesakhiwo somlilo ukuze isibambo sinwetshwe, waqhubeka nokuthola umshini wokucisha umlilo eduze kwebhulokhi. “Umshini wokucisha umlilo” wokuqala awuthola kwakungewona umshini wokucisha umlilo, kodwa ibhakede elincane eliphuma phansi—ipayipi lokucima umlilo ngokwalo lalingasekho ngokuphelele! Ngesikhathi eqhubeka nokusesha, umshini wokucima umlilo olandelayo awutholile ulele ngohlangothi. Ekugcineni, wabona umshini wokucisha umlilo umile, cishe uqhele nengxenye ukusuka esakhiweni somlilo; ngenhlanhla, ibonakale iyasebenza. Abanye enkampanini yakhe bakhononda izinsuku ezimbalwa ngokuthi kwadingeka bakhiphe isikhathi esingakanani baphinde bapakishe ipayipi, kodwa umshayeli wawenza umsebenzi wakhe futhi waqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuqhubekayo lapho ebhekene nobunzima obukhulu. Lapho umshayeli omkhulu osuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBronx efika, wabona umlilo omkhulu efasiteleni elingaphambili lesitezi sokuqala sendlu yomuntu siqu ehlala abantu. Kukhona umshini wokucisha umlilo eceleni komgwaqo eduze, obonakala ushesha futhi kulula ukuwuxhuma. Kodwa ukubukeka kungakhohlisa. Umshayeli wabeka isikrufu enathi elihlinzayo walivula ngephini, futhi yonke into yokucima umlilo yawela ohlangothini olulodwa! Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba aye emshinini wokucisha umlilo olandelayo, wazisa izikhulu zakhe ngomsakazo ophathwayo ukuthi kuzoba nokubambezeleka kokuphakelwa kwamanzi (futhi wazisa inkampani yenjini okwakumelwe iphele okwesibili, uma nje idinga usizo). Ukwengeza ekukhulumeni nanoma yikuphi ukubambezeleka noma ezinye izinkinga, lapho amanzi ethangini elicindezelwayo enikezwa ibhande lesandla, izikhulu noma ithimba lombhobho kufanele baziswe ngaleli qiniso. Uma amanzi edonsa amanzi ekhona, lolu lwazi kumele ludluliselwe ezikhulwini nasethimba le-nozzle ukuze bakwazi ukushintsha isu labo ngendlela efanele. Kukhona elinye iphuzu: abashayeli abahle bahlale begcina ithangi eliphelele le-booster ngesikhathi sokusebenza, njengesinyathelo sokuphepha, uma kwenzeka i-hydrant fire hydrant ingenawo amanzi. Ngizonikeza isibonelo somuntu siqu ukuze ngibonise ubunzima obuvame ukuhlangana nabo lapho uzama ukususa ikhava enkulu ekuxhumekeni kwesiphakeli somlilo. Njengoba into elwa nokucekelwa phansi kanye nesembozo kubambekile noma kuqandiswe endaweni, abashayeli benkampani yethu bavame ukusebenzisa isando ukushaya isembozo ngasinye, besebenzisa amagalelo anobudlova. Ukushaya i-cap ngale ndlela kuzohlakaza imfucumfucu eboshwe emicu, futhi i-cap ingasuswa kalula. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ngabelwa ukuvula inkampani yezinjini e-Upper Manhattan. Cishe ngo-5:30 ekuseni, ngenxa yomlilo wendlu enemindeni eminingi, kamuva eyabonakala ingumlilo obulalayo, sathunyelwa kuqala. Njengomkhuba, ngibeke i-maul yamaphawundi angu-8 ekuqaleni kohambo endaweni engijwayele ukuyigcina, uma kwenzeka ngiyidinga. Impela, isivalo sesicishamlilo engisikhethile sasidinga ukungqongqoza kaningana ukuze kukhishwe isivalo ngesikrufu. Uma amagalelo amaningi ngesando (noma ngemuva kwembazo, uma singekho isando) singaxegi ikhava ngokwanele ukuze sivumele ukususwa, ungakwazi ukuslayida ingxenye yepayipi ngesibambo se-sledge hydrant ukuze uthole amandla amakhulu. Angincomi ukuthi ngibone ukugoba nokuqhekeka kwe-wrench ngokuthepha isibambo se-wrench uqobo. Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwamapayipi omlilo kudinga ukubona kusengaphambili, ukuqeqeshwa nokucabanga okusheshayo endaweni yesigameko somlilo. Imishini yenjini kufanele ihlonyiselwe ukubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezihlukahlukene zokuphakelwa kwamanzi, futhi abashayeli kufanele bahlonyiswe ngemisakazo ephathekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana komlilo. Kunezincwadi eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza kwenkampani yenjini kanye nezinqubo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi; sicela uthintane nabo ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngamapayipi okuxoxwe ngawo kulesi sihloko nezinye izihloko ezihlobene.