i-russia standard ductile iron gate valve pn16

Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi okulwa nomlilo ocindezelwe-uhlobo olulodwa lwe-high-pressure fire hydrant lunikeza amanzi amaningi kunamaloli amathathu omlilo-ithangi lamanzi okulwa nomlilo lisetshenziswa njengethangi lamanzi eliyisipele uma kwenzeka singekho isisetshenziswa sokucima umlilo esitholakalayo iSan Francisco uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi asizayo olusetshenziselwa ukuvikela umlilo kuphela. Iqukethe uhlelo lokusabalalisa olugcwaliswa ngamanzi ahlanzekile anomfutho ophezulu, aphakelwa amandla adonsela phansi avela ethangini lamanzi kanye nethangi elikhulu lokugcina amanzi, futhi axhunywe eziteshini zokumpompa ezimbili ngasogwini lwechweba, akwazi ukumpompa amanzi anosawoti ngokuqondile. uhlelo. Uhlelo lokusabalalisa luqukethe inethiwekhi yamapayipi eshisa izindawo ezakhiwe ngokuminyene zedolobha futhi inikeze ukuvikeleka komlilo endaweni elinganiselwa ku-9 1/2 miles miles. Ukuze kuvikelwe izinsika kanye nezindawo ezingagcwali amanzi kanye namachweba ezindaweni ezisogwini, sekwakhiwe imikhumbi emibili yokucisha umlilo. Le mikhumbi ingaxhunywa ohlelweni lokusabalalisa ngokusebenzisa ama-multifolds amabili abekwe ezindaweni ezikahle, okuvumela imikhumbi ukuthi impompe amanzi olwandle esuka echwebeni iye ohlelweni lokusabalalisa. Kwakhiwe amathange amanzi okuvala umlilo kakhonkolo angu-141 ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kulo lonke idolobha, ngisho nasemigwaqweni engaphandle kwezindawo ezimbozwe uhlelo lwamapayipi anomfutho ophezulu. Lamathange amanzi kufanele agcinwe egcwele amanzi ahlanzekile futhi asetshenziswe ngaphandle kwamapayipi okucisha umlilo. Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ngezinjongo zasekhaya, oluzimele ngokuphelele ohlelweni oluchazwe kulesi sihloko, luxhunywe kumapayipi omlilo anengcindezi ephansi kulo lonke idolobha, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezindaweni eziminyene. Kwasungulwa isistimu ye-alamu ye-lira kanye nohlelo olusizayo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi, futhi kwamiswa isiteshi se-alamu yomlilo phakathi nendawo. Umsebenzi wohlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi asizayo waqala ngo-1909 futhi waphothulwa ekupheleni kuka-1913 ngaphansi kobuholi bukanjiniyela wamanje wedolobha u-MM O'Shaughnessy. Izindleko eziphelele zohlelo zingu-$5,756,000, futhi zingonga imali yomshwalense njalo ngonyaka. Inani lidlula u-$1,400,000. Uhlelo lokusabalalisa luqukethe amamayela angu-74.5 wamapayipi ensimbi. Ishubhu ngokuyisisekelo ihambisana nemibandela ye-New England Water Association futhi ihlolwe efektri. Lapho kuhlolwa ipayipi, kumthungo ngamunye oqondile okalwa kusiyingi esingaphakathi sepayipi, ilitha elilodwa lamanzi lalivuza njalo emahoreni angama-24. Ubukhulu bepayipi busuka kumasentimitha angu-20 ukuya ku-intshi angu-8 ububanzi, nobubanzi obuyisilinganiso obungamasentimitha angu-14. Ipayipi elingama-intshi angu-8 lisetshenziselwa kuphela izintambo ezisuka emgwaqweni omkhulu ziye emshinini wokucisha umlilo. Ngaphandle kwezinye izindawo (inombolo yizine), wonke amapayipi amise okwensimbi namapayipi e-casing. Amanye amapayipi abekwe endaweni egcwele ukuze abambe iqhaza elikhulu emalungeni uma kwenzeka kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba noma inhlekelele yokuzamazama komhlaba. Indima ye. Ipayipi eliphansi eline-double-plug lafakwa kulezi zindawo, elinqanyulwe epayipini elisendaweni eqinile ngevalvu evaliwe. Elinye lamavalvu lalivuliwe eduze kwesiteshi sezicishamlilo, livumela ukungena endaweni. Njengoba iSan Francisco yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ochungechungeni lwamagquma, ukuze kulandiswe umehluko ekuphakameni, abantu bakuthola kudingekile ukuhlukanisa uhlelo ezindaweni ezimbili, ezibizwa ngokuthi "indawo engaphezulu" kanye "nendawo ephansi". Indawo engenhla ingxenye engaphezu kwamafidi angu-150 ukuphakama, futhi indawo engezansi ingxenye engaphansi kwamafidi angu-150 ukuphakama. I-valve evaliwe endaweni engenhla inqunywe endaweni engezansi. Indawo ngayinye ihlinzekwa ngethangi elihlukile lokugcina. I-reservoir enkulu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Shuangfeng Reservoir, ibekwe phezulu futhi ixhunywe kumathangi okugcina endaweni engaphezulu, indawo ephansi nendawo ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ipayipi elingaphezulu eliholela ngqo endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Lawa mapayipi ngokuvamile adlula kumavalvu avaliwe. vala shaqa. Uma kunomlilo omkhulu, noma ingcindezi edingwa umlilo inkulu kunokucindezela okuhlinzekwa ukuphakama kwethangi likaphethiloli, ungayivula. Lapho amapayipi ephambana ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, kubekwa amavalvu amane, elilodwa epayipini ngalinye lesakhiwo, ukuze noma iyiphi ibhulokhi inqanyulwe kulo lonke uhlelo uma kwenzeka kuba nokuphazamiseka. Kukhona ama-fire hydrants angu-907 ohlelweni, futhi ipayipi ngalinye lomlilo linezindawo ezingu-3 ezinobubanzi obuyi-intshi engu-3 1/2, lapho izitolo ezimbili zincishiswa zibe amayintshi angu-3 ububanzi. Isilinganiso sokucindezela kumshini wokucisha umlilo endaweni engaphezulu ngamaphawundi angu-130. Ngayintshi yesikwele, amaphawundi angu-143 endaweni engezansi. Ngayintshi yesikwele. I-valve iyi-parallel face disc engavuki isiqu, i-bronze lining, kanye nobubanzi obungamayintshi angu-2 amancane kunanoma iyiphi inhlobonhlobo enosayizi omkhulu kuno-10 amayintshi. Ama-valve angu-16-intshi no-18-intshi anama-bypass valve angu-3-intshi no-4-intshi, ngokulandelana, futhi angabekwa aqonde phezulu noma avundlile. Isigqoko sokuzivikela kanye nevalvu yokudlula edingekayo ukuze kube indawo evundlile zihlukile kulezo zokuma mpo. Faka amavalvu anobubanzi obungaphezu kwamayintshi angu-10 emigodini kakhonkolo eqinisiwe, faka ama-valve angu-8-intshi no-10-intshi ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho ama-valve angu-8-intshi anokuphakama okungu-6-intshi, futhi ama-intshi angu-10 ama-intshi angama-cones kakhonkolo Riser. Kukhona indawo yokugcina amanzi enamandla angu-10,000,000 ku-Twin Peaks. Amanzi angamamitha angama-758 ukuphakama. Inomumo oyisiyingi one-eksisi engamafidi angama-375 namafidi angama-280. Umthambeka oseceleni umibili ohlangothini oluvundlile futhi owodwa ubheke mpo, futhi ukujula kwamanzi ngamafidi angu-25. Izinhlangothi nangaphansi kufakwe ama-slabs kakhonkolo aqinisiwe, futhi kukhona amalunga okunweba phakathi kwe-slab ngayinye. Ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo ngodonga lokuhlukanisa ukhonkolo oluqinisiwe, olunezisekelo eziqinile ohlangothini ngalunye. Itheku ngalinye linebhayi elizimele elingaphambili kanye negumbi lesango. Amatheku amabili angaphambili axhunywe ngepayipi elingama-intshi angu-20 elinesango ekugcineni ngakunye. Amakamelo amabili okukhiya axhunywe ngepayipi elingama-intshi angu-20, elinevalve yesango ekugcineni ngakunye. Ikhomishini ngayinye inepayipi elingama-intshi angu-20 elisuka epayipini liya ethangini lokugcina indawo engaphezulu nendawo. Kodwa-ke, anqanyuliwe ohlelweni lokusabalalisa ngama-valve avaliwe kulawa mapayipi angama-intshi angu-20 futhi avulwa kuphela ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Ithangi lokugcina ligcwaliswa ukusuka ethangini lokugcina elingaphezulu ngamaphampu amabili kagesi e-centrifugal atholakala ethangini lokugcina elingaphezulu, futhi iphampu ngayinye eyi-centrifugal inamandla angamalitha angama-700 ngomzuzu. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa nge-Asbury Heights Tank futhi itholakala ku-Asbury Street phakathi kwe-17th kanye ne-18th Streets. Kuyisakhiwo sepuleti lensimbi esisekelweni esiqinisiwe sikakhonkolo esinobubanzi obungamafidi angu-55, ukuphakama okungama-intshi angu-29 1/2 intshi, kanye nomthamo wamalitha angu-500,000. Ukuphakama kwamanzi ngamamitha angama-493.5. Amapayipi amathathu angama-intshi angu-18 aphuma kuleli payipi aye ohlelweni lwezoni ephezulu futhi agcwaliswa ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi ngepayipi elingamayintshi angu-6 elixhunywe ethangini lokugcina le-Spring Valley Water Company's Clarendon Heights. Isango likakhonkolo eliqinisiwe likhona phambi kwethangi lamanzi. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi yiJones Street Tank futhi itholakala phakathi kukaJones Street, Sacramento kanye noClay Street. Kuyisakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe esinamandla angamalitha angama-750,000. Ububanzi obungaphakathi bungamafidi angama-60 nobude obungamafidi angama-35 amayintshi ayi-10. Izinga lamanzi lingamafidi angama-369. Indawo engezansi itholakala ethangini lamanzi ngamapayipi amabili angama-intshi angu-18. Uma kunesidingo, ithangi lamanzi lingadlula futhi indawo engezansi inganikezwa ukusuka endaweni engaphezulu. Ithangi lokugcina lagcwaliswa amandla adonsela phansi ngepayipi elingamayintshi angu-6 eliphuma ethangini lokugcina i-Clay Street le-Spring Valley Water Company. Kwaxhunywa i-concierge kakhonkolo eqinisiwe ethangini lamanzi, futhi kukhona umcishi-mlilo. Isiteshi sitholakala kuSecond Street naku-Townsend Street eduze nendawo eseningizimu yohlelo lokusabalalisa futhi siklanyelwe ukumpompa amanzi anosawoti asuka echwebeni angene ohlelweni. Isakhiwo siyisakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe. Yakhelwe phezu kwedwala eliqinile futhi iklanyelwe ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, kuthiwa iyisakhiwo esiqine kakhulu eSan Francisco. Ifakwe amasethi amane wamaphampu e-turbo anezigaba eziningi, axhumeke ngqo ku-750-horsepower u-Curtis wohlobo lweturbine yesitimu evundlile engajiki. I-turbine ngayinye inomthamo oqinisekisiwe wamalitha angu-2700 kanye nomthamo wangempela wamamalitha angu-3,000 we-brine ngomzuzu. Ikhanda linesisindo esingamaphawundi angama-300. Ngayintshi yesikwele. Iphampu ihlinzekwa ngomhubhe kakhonkolo oqinisiwe onobubanzi obungamamitha angu-6, oqala ukusuka echwebeni. Imbobo yokudonsa yephampu inobubanzi obungamayintshi angu-12 nekhanda elingamafidi angu-15. Akhishwa ngokuqondile ohlelweni lwendawo ephansi ngamapayipi amabili angama-intshi angu-20. Kunamabhayela ayisishiyagalombili angu-350 HP Babcock & Wilcox. Lawa ma-boilers afakwa kumabhethri amane, ngalinye eliqukethe ama-boilers amabili futhi avalelwe endaweni evalekile yesitini nensimbi. Ibhethri ngalinye lixhunywe kushimula wokhonkolo oqinisiwe ohlukile, onobubanzi obungamayintshi angu-68 namafidi angu-90 ngaphezu kwephansi lekhabhini. Lawa ma-boilers asetshenziselwa ukushisa uwoyela kaphethiloli, futhi kunethangi lokugcina uwoyela elinomthamo wemiphongolo ye-2,000 ngaphansi komgwaqo ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Igumbi elingaphansi limbiwe lajula ngokufanelekile ukuze linikeze amathange amanzi kakhonkolo aqinisiwe angunxande akha usekelo lwegumbi lokubhayela futhi ahlinzeke ngamalitha angu-1,000,000 amanzi ahlanzekile kubhayela. Amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nendawo yokugcina amafutha enikeziwe yanele ukusebenzisa yonke indawo yokusebenza amahora angama-96. Isiteshi sitholakala e-Black Point e-Fort Mason, ekugcineni enyakatho yesistimu yokusabalalisa. Imishini icishe ifane neyesiteshi sokuqala, ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswa ubhayela we-Stirling esikhundleni sebhayela ye-Babcock & Wilcox. Akhiphe amapayipi amabili angama-intshi angu-20 ukusuka esiteshini, elilodwa eliholela endaweni engaphezulu nelinye eliholela endaweni engezansi. Lonke uhlelo luhlala lugcwele amanzi ahlanzekile ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, izinjini, izinqola zamapayipi, izingwegwe, izitebhisi nemibhoshongo yamanzi, zonke izinto eziqhutshwa yinjini kufanele ziphendule ucingo. Isizathu sokuthi kungani injini iphendula ucingo kungenxa yokuthi imithombo yamanzi ye-Spring Valley Water Company imboza indawo ngokuphelele kunezicishamlilo zesistimu yokucisha umlilo enengcindezi ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi ukusebenzisa lawa ma-hydrants anengcindezi ephansi kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-fire hydrant nokusebenzisa injini. Esikhundleni sokususa ibhulokhi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu emgwaqeni futhi usebenzise amapayipi okucima umlilo anengcindezi ephezulu. I-hose trolley esetshenziswayo ifakwe ibhethri lokuqapha, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-battery trolley. Uma usebenzisa ipayipi lokucima umlilo elinomfutho ophezulu, qala ngokuxhuma i-valve yokukhulula ingcindezi endaweni ephuma kuyo ipayipi lomlilo. I-valve ivamise ukusethelwa kumakhilogremu angu-120. Ingcindezi, lokhu kuzokhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu angama-90 wengcindezi yenozzle. Ipayipi elinobude obungamafidi angama-200. Ipayipi lokucima umlilo elinengcindezi ephezulu lizoba namanzi amaningi ngaphansi kwengcindezi kunamaloli amathathu amakhulu okucisha umlilo edolobheni. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, enezimbobo ezimbili ezivela kuzo zonke ezintathu zomshini wokushisa umlilo, futhi amapayipi amabili aphuma kuwo anikezwa uxhumano oluhlangene, ukuze kukhiqizwe ipayipi elilodwa lomlilo 8, i-1 1 /4 amayintshi ububanzi. Isisindo se-nozzle singamakhilogremu ayi-100. Umfutho we-nozzle ungathola amalitha angu-2290 ngomzuzu ukusuka kumshini wokucisha umlilo, uma kuqhathaniswa namalitha angu-2250 ngomzuzu emalolini amathathu omlilo. Ku-Pumping Station No. 1, isethi eyodwa yama-boilers ihlale igcinwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-steam, futhi ama-boilers asele angasebenza kungakapheli imizuzu engu-30. Kodwa-ke, kuphela uma kwenzeka umlilo omkhulu noma ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, okulandelwa umlilo omkhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe amanzi ahlanzekile esiteshini sokumpompa noma umkhumbi wokucisha umlilo. Uma umlilo omkhulu uvela endaweni engezansi, i-valve eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yesango ingavulwa ukuze ikhiqize amakhilogremu angu-214 wokucindezela endaweni ephansi, futhi uhlelo lwendawo ephansi lungaxhunywa ngokuqondile kumapayipi endaweni engaphezulu. Nge-intshi yesikwele ngayinye, noma ingaxhunywa ku-double peak reservoir ngendlela efanayo, ingcindezi ephakeme ngamakhilogremu angu-328. Ngayintshi yesikwele endaweni engezansi. Ibhokisi le-alamu yomlilo litholakala emgwaqeni, ukuze abasebenzi abaphethe ukulawula umlilo bakwazi ukuthumela ucingo ngokuqondile kubaqaphi bamathangi namadamu. Uma inani elincane lamanzi lidonswa ngokuxhunywa komlilo A (isibonelo, amanzi amancane kunesidingo sokufafaza), amanzi azogeleza nge-bypass B enemitha ngoba ukumelana kwale ndlela kungaphansi kokumelana kwe-disc C ye-valve ye-alamu. . E, inani lizorekhodwa kumitha yamanzi D. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukugeleza kwesistimu kukhula, ukumelana ku-bypass kuzoba kukhulu kangangokuthi kuphoqa amanzi nge-valve ye-alamu. Kulesi simo, i-valve flap ku-valve ye-alamu izokhuphuka, ngaleyo ndlela ivule imbobo G eshubhu elincane H. I-air chamber J ibekwe phezu kwepayipi ukuze inakekele isando samanzi futhi isebenze njengegumbi lokunciphisa ukuvimbela amanga. ama-alamu. Khona-ke, ipayipi H lixhunywe ku-gauge yokucindezela yokurekhoda K. Lapho i-valve clack ku-valve ye-alamu ibuyela esihlalweni se-valve, iqhude M ligcina ipayipi lokukhipha umoya elivaliwe L likhulula ukucindezela kwepayipi H. Ngakho-ke, irekhodi irekhoda isikhathi lapho amanzi ageleza ngevalvu ye-alamu. Ipayipi elincane elingu-N liholwa ngaphandle kwepayipi H, futhi lixhunywe ne-circuit breaker noma injini yamanzi. Lapho amanzi epayipi N ekhuphuka, i-circuit breaker noma injini yamanzi izosebenza, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiphe i-alamu yomlilo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uhlelo lunezingxenye ezine ezakhiwe emhlabathini ogcwele, futhi ingxenye ngayinye ine-valve evulekile. Uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, kunconywa ukuvala la ma-valve avulekile. Uma kunomlilo endaweni, iloli lezicishamlilo lizozama ukuhlola ithangi lamanzi omlilo. Lokhu kucabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi ezindlini alusebenzi. Uma umlilo kwenye indawo edolobheni usucishiwe, izicishamlilo ezihlakaziwe emlilweni zizophendulela ukunaka kwazo endaweni evulekile futhi zizohola imigqa emide yamapayipi ephuma emshinini wokucisha umlilo kanye nezicishamlilo endaweni eqinile eseduze. Ukuze kucishwe imililo kulezi zindawo, kumiswa izikebhe zokucima umlilo ngasemanzini. Ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinsiza zokuvikela umlilo, kufanele kufakwe uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi e-Camp Sherman e-Circleville, e-Ohio. Ukuthuthukiswa kuzobandakanya ukubeka imithombo yamandla eyengeziwe esakhiweni ngasinye kanye nokufaka amapayipi amile anomfutho wamanzi wamaphawundi angama-90.