Umgomo wenqubo ye-electroplating ye-valve yesango kuxoxwa ngayo

Umgomo wenqubo ye-electroplating ye-valve yesango kuxoxwa ngayo

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka kwemizimba yama-valve wezitshalo zamandla ku-cobalt base alloy spray welding ngokuvamile ukuqina kwe-valve ephezulu. Emsebenzini wokushisela, i-arc ikhiqiza ichibi le-solubilization, eliqhubeka lincibilika futhi lifudumale indawo yokushisela, futhi izinga lokushisa lehla ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela, futhi insimbi encibilikisiwe iyajiya ukuze ikhiqize ukushisela. Uma izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi, izinga lokushisa longqimba lwe-welding kufanele lincishiswe ngokushesha. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokupholisa okusheshayo kwesendlalelo sokushisela, izinga lokuncipha kwesendlalelo sokushisela liyashesha kunesilinganiso sokuncipha komzimba we-valve. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka okunjalo, isendlalelo se-welding kanye nezinto zokuqala zakha ngokushesha ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, futhi ungqimba lwe-welding luyaqhekeka. Isimo sokusebenza se-valve yesiteshi samandla ngokuvamile singu-540¡æ umusi wokushisa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke into eyinhloko ye-valve yesango i-25 noma i-12crmov, umzimba we-valve. ngakho-ke into eyinhloko ye-valve yesango ingu-25 noma i-12crmov, futhi impahla eluhlaza ye-valve body spray welding yi-cobalt-base alloy d802(sti6) welding wire.
I-d802 ifana ne-edcocr -A ekucacisweni kwe-gb984, okulingana ne-ercocr -A in aws.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-d802 zingavulwa futhi zivalwe ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nomsebenzi wokushisa okuphezulu, ezinokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqokwa, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana ne-cavitation.
Insimbi yokushisela ye-electrode ye-ErCoCr-A kanye ne-filler wire cladding ekucacisweni kwe-Aws ibonakala ngomshini we-subeutectic ohlanganisa cishe u-13% wenethiwekhi ye-chromium cementite eutectic esatshalaliswa ku-Cochromium-tungsten ion crystal substrate. Umphumela uyinhlanganisela ephelele yokumelana kwezinto ezingavuthiwe emonakalweni wengcindezi ephansi kanye nokuqina okudingekile ukumelana nomthelela wezinhlobo ezithile zokugeleza kwenqubo.
I-cobalt alloy inokumelana okuhle nensimbi - ukugqokwa kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokuqala ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu.
Ukwakheka okuqinile kwe-alloy ku-substrate kunganikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono nokumelana ne-oxidation.
Uma insimbi encibilikisiwe ye-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt isesimweni esifudumele (ngaphakathi kwama-650¡æ), amandla ayo awehli kakhulu. Kuphela uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-650¡æ, amandla ayo azokwehla kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa libuyela esimweni sokushisa esivamile, amandla ayo azobuyela ebulukhunini bokuqala.
Eqinisweni, lapho impahla yokuqala yenza ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela, ukusebenza kwendawo akulula ukulimaza. I-valve yesiteshi samandla kufanele ifuthwe nge-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt emgodini ophakathi nomzimba we-valve ukuze wenze i-valve yesango lomfutho ophezulu ebusweni nge-arc welding. Ngenxa yokuthi ubuso busendaweni ejulile yembobo emaphakathi yomzimba we-valve, ukushisela isifutho kungenzeka kubangele amaphutha afana ne-welding noddle kanye nokuqhekeka.
Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo ye-shallow hole spray welding d802 kwenziwa ngokukhiqiza nokucubungula amasampula njengoba kudingeka. Isizathu sokuchezuka kalula sitholakala kusixhumanisi sokuhlola inqubo.
¢Ùkushisela ukungcola kwendawo ezungezile.
¢Ú Izinto zokushisela zimunca umswakama.
¢Û Into yokuqala kanye nensimbi yokugcwalisa iqukethe ukungcola okwengeziwe kanye namabala kawoyela.
¢Ü Isikhundla sokushisela ukuqina kwe-valve yomzimba kukhulu ngokushiselwa kukagesi (ikakhulukazi i-dn32 ~ 50mm).
(5) Izinga lobuchwepheshe lokushisisa kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemuva kokushisela akunangqondo.
Inqubo yokushisela ayinangqondo.
¢ Ukukhetha izinto zokushisela akunangqondo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka kwemizimba yama-valve wezitshalo zamandla ku-cobalt base alloy spray welding ngokuvamile ukuqina kwe-valve ephezulu. Emsebenzini wokushisela, i-arc ikhiqiza ichibi le-solubilization, eliqhubeka lincibilika futhi lifudumale indawo yokushisela, futhi izinga lokushisa lehla ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela, futhi insimbi encibilikisiwe iyajiya ukuze ikhiqize ukushisela. Uma izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi, izinga lokushisa longqimba lwe-welding kufanele lincishiswe ngokushesha. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokupholisa okusheshayo kwesendlalelo sokushisela, izinga lokuncipha kwesendlalelo sokushisela liyashesha kunesilinganiso sokuncipha komzimba we-valve. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka okunjalo, isendlalelo se-welding kanye nezinto zokuqala zakha ngokushesha ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, futhi ungqimba lwe-welding luyaqhekeka. Ama-engeli e-bevel kufanele avinjelwe lapho kukhiqizwa izikhundla zokushisela.
Izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, futhi ukushisa kukhishwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-welding.
Izinga lokushisa lesendlalelo esiqinile liphansi kakhulu, isivinini sesiqandisi sesendlalelo sokushisela siyashesha kakhulu kuzinto zokusetshenziswa zokushisela isifutho.
I-welding material cobalt base alloy ngokwayo inobunzima obubomvu obukhulu, lapho isebenza ku-500 ~ 700¡æ, amandla angakwazi ukugcina i-300 ~ 500hb, kodwa i-ductility yayo iphansi, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kubuthakathaka, kulula ukukhiqiza imifantu ye-crystal noma imifantu ebandayo, ngakho-ke idinga ukushisisa ngaphambi kokushisela.
Izinga lokushisa lokushisa lincike kusayizi we-workpiece, futhi ububanzi bokushisa obujwayelekile ngu-350-500¡æ.
I-welding electrode coating kufanele igcinwe iqinile ngaphambi kokushisela ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama.
Ngesikhathi sokushisela, ikhekhe libhakwa ngo-150¡æ ihora elingu-1 bese lifakwa kusilinda sokufakwa kwezintambo zokushisela.
I-arc r I-engeli ye-shillow hole spray weld kufanele ibe nkulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokuvamile ibe ngu-r¡Ý3mm, uma inqubo ivuma.
I-dn10 ~ 25mm i-valve ye-valve yomzimba ingashiselwa ukusuka phansi kwembobo engashoni ngocingo lokushisela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliqinile lesendlalelo esingu-¡Ý250*(2, phakathi ne-arc, i-arc ukuya esivinini esinesivinini esishiwo ngocingo lokushisela.
I-workpiece yomkhiqizo yashiswa esithandweni (250¡æ) kuya ku-350 10 20¡æ ngaphambi kokushisela. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-1.5 wokushisa ukushisa, ukushisela kwenziwa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo lawula izinga lokushisa eliqinile lesendlalelo esingu-¡Ý250c, fafaza ukushisela konke ukuphela kwesibazi sokushisela. Ngemuva kokushisela, umzimba we-valve kufanele ufakwe ngokushesha esithandweni (450¡æ) ukuze uhlukanise ukushisa nokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa le-batch noma izinga lokushisa le-welding yesithando somlilo licinywa ku-710¡À20¡æ, ukufakwa kokushisa nokushisa kubanjwe i-2h bese kufakwe esiqandisini ngesithando somlilo. Uma isilawuli sezinga lokushisa i-dn sisikhulu kuno-32mm, umzimba we-valve kufanele ushiselwe ube yi-au shape kuqala ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokunwebeka okungalingani okubangelwa ukuqina okukhulu ngemva kokufafaza ukushisela kwe-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt. Ngaphambi kokusebenza kwe-spray welding, i-workpiece yomkhiqizo iyahlanzwa, i-workpiece yomkhiqizo ifakwa esithandweni (ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngu-250¡æ), kushiselwe ku-450 ~ 500¡æ, ukufakwa kokushisa futhi kubambe amahora angu-2, futhi ukushisela kuyamenyezelwa. .
Okokuqala, fafaza ukushisela ingaphezulu ngentambo yokushisela esekelwe ku-cobalt, bese uqedela ukushisela kwesibazi sengqimba ngayinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lawula izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezingqimba ¡Ý250¡æ, bese ufafaza weld isibazi ngemva kwakho konke ukuphela.
Bese ubuyisela i-martensitic intambo yensimbi engagqwali (high cr, ni related content steel stainless steel wire) ukushisela insimbi emise okuka-U. Ngemuva kokuthi ukushiselwa kukagesi komzimba we-valve kuqediwe, kuzofakwa esithandweni ngokushesha (450¡æ) ukuze kufakwe ukushisa nokugcina ukushisa. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokushisela kagesi kwaleli qoqo noma isithando somlilo, izinga lokushisa lizokhushulelwa ku-720¡À20¡æ ukuze licime.
Izinga lokushisa ngu-150¡æ/h, futhi ukufakwa kokushisa kugcinwa amahora angu-2.
Ithangi le-Electroplating liqukethe amaleveli amabili kagesi, i-workpiece yomkhiqizo ojwayelekile njenge-cathode, ukushintsha ukufinyelela kwamandla ngemva kokwakhiwa kwenkundla ye-electrostatic phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili, ngaphansi kwethonya le-ion yensimbi yensimu ye-electrostatic noma impande ye-thiocyanogen ekudluliselweni kwe-cathode, naseduze nendawo ye-cathode. ukukhiqiza okuthiwa ungqimba oluphindwe kabili, Kulokhu, ukuhlushwa kwe-ion ezungeze i-cathode kuncane kunaleyo esifundeni egwema i-cathode, okungase kuholele ekudlulisweni kwe-ion ebangeni elide.
I-Metal positive ions noma i-thiocyanogen ekhishwa ngokukhululwa kwama-ion ayinkimbinkimbi, ngokuya ngesendlalelo esiphindwe kabili futhi ifika endaweni ye-cathode ukuze ikhiqize ukusabela kwe-oxidation ukwenza ama-molecule ensimbi.
Electroplating inqubo electroplating umlando kusenesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa, inqubo yokwelapha surface ekuqaleni kocwaningo kanye nentuthuko ngokuyinhloko ukuhlangabezana ukuvimbela ukugqwala kanye umhlobiso kumele.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo ezintsha zokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukuvela kwezinye izinto ezintsha zokugqoka kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucwenga obuhlanganisiwe kuye kwandisa kakhulu insimu yesicelo senqubo yokwelapha ebusweni, futhi yenze yaba. ingxenye ebalulekile yomklamo wobunjiniyela bangaphezulu.
Inqubo ye-Electroplating ingenye ye-metal electrodeposition technologies. Kuyinqubo yokuthola i-alluvium yensimbi endaweni eqinile nge-electrolysis. Inhloso yawo ukuguqula izici ezingaphezulu zezinto ezingavuthiwe eziqinile, ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumelana nokungqubuzana, noma ukulungisa ukumbozwa kwensimbi okunezici ezikhethekile zokuqamba. Nikeza izici zikagesi, kazibuthe, ezibonakalayo, ezishisayo nezinye ezihlukile nezinye izici zenqubo.
Ngokuvamile, Inqubo ye-electrodeposition yensimbi ku-cathode yakhiwe izinqubo ezilandelayo1) Inqubo yokudlulisa ukushisa kwama-ion afakwe ngaphambili noma izimpande zawo ze-thiocyanogen ku-electrolyte yebhethri ye-lithium ukuya endaweni ye-cathode (ucezu lomsebenzi womkhiqizo) noma ngaphezulu kokudluliswa ngenxa yomehluko wokuhlushwa.2) inqubo yokuguqulwa kwengaphezulu yama-ion ensimbi noma izimpande zawo ze-thiocyanogen ebusweni bezinga likagesi kanye nongqimba oluwuketshezi oluseduze nobuso benqubo yokusabela kwe-oxidation, njengokuguqulwa kwe-thiocyanogen ligand noma ukuncishiswa kwenombolo yokuxhumanisa.3) inqubo ye-photocatalytic ion yensimbi noma i-thiocyanogen ku-cathode ukuthola ama-electron, abe ama-molecule ensimbi. 4) inqubo yokwakhiwa kwesigaba esisha esiwukwakha isigaba esisha, njengokwakheka kwensimbi noma i-aluminium alloy. Ithangi le-Electroplating liqukethe amazinga kagesi angu-2, i-workpiece yomkhiqizo ojwayelekile njenge-cathode, ukushintsha ukufinyelela kwamandla kagesi ngemva kokwakhiwa kwenkundla ye-electrostatic phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili, ngaphansi kwethonya le-electrostatic field metal ions noma impande ye-thiocyanogen ekudlulisweni kwe-cathode, futhi eduze ne-cathode. surface ukukhiqiza okuthiwa ungqimba double, khona-ke cathode ezungeze ion lokuhlushwa ingaphansi ukuhlushwa ion endaweni ukugwema cathode, Kungase kuholele ukudluliswa ibanga elide ion.
I-Metal positive ions noma i-thiocyanogen ekhishwa ngokukhululwa kwama-ion ayinkimbinkimbi, ngokuya ngesendlalelo esiphindwe kabili futhi ifika endaweni ye-cathode ukuze ikhiqize ukusabela kwe-oxidation ukwenza ama-molecule ensimbi.
Ubunzima bokushaja nokukhishwa kwama-ion amahle endaweni ngayinye endaweni ye-cathode akufani. Ku-node kanye ne-Angle ebukhali yekristalu, ukuqina kwamanje kanye nesenzo se-electrostatic kukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izikhundla zekristalu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafutha e-molecular unsaturated atholakala ku-crystal node kanye ne-acute Angle anamandla okukhangisa aphezulu. Futhi lapha ukushaja nokukhishwa kule sayithi kwenza i-lattice ye-molecule ibe yinsimbi. Indawo ekhethwayo yokushaja nokukhipha yale ion enhle iso lekristalu yensimbi eboshwe.
Njengoba amehlo ekhula eduze kwekristalu, ungqimba lokukhula kwe-monatomic lwakhiwa oluxhunywe ileli lezomnotho langaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi indawo ehlala njalo ye-lattice yensimbi ye-cathode iqukethe ingcindezi yomhlabathi eyandiswe amandla angaguquki e-lattice, ama-athomu anamathele kancane kancane endaweni ye-cathode athatha kuphela ingxenye eqhubekayo nesakhiwo samangqamuzana e-substrate metal (cathode), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umehluko. ku-lattice i-geometry engaguquki kanye nokucaciswa phakathi kwensimbi ye-substrate kanye nensimbi yokunamathela. Uma ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ensimbi enamathelayo kuhluke kakhulu kuleso se-substrate, i-crystallization yokukhula izofana nesakhiwo samangqamuzana esisekelo, bese kancane kancane ishintshela esakhiweni sayo samangqamuzana esizinzile. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-electroalluvium sincike ezicini ze-crystallographic zensimbi eqoqiwe ngokwayo, futhi ukwakheka kwenhlangano kuncike ezimisweni zenqubo ye-electrocrystallization ngezinga elithile. Ukubumbana kwe-alluvium kuncike ngokuphelele ekugxilisweni kwe-ion, ukushintshanisa kwamanje kanye ne-surfactant yangaphezulu, futhi usayizi wekristalu we-electrocrystal uncike kakhulu ekugxilweni kwe-surfactant engaphezulu.
Okubili, inqubo eyodwa yensimbi yokucwenga i-metal plating eyodwa ibhekisela esixazululweni se-plating esinohlobo lwe-ion yensimbi kuphela, emva kokucwenga ukuze kwakhiwe indlela eyodwa yokunamathela yensimbi.
Izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokucwenga insimbi eyodwa ikakhulukazi zifaka i-hot dip galvanizing, i-copper plating, i-nickel plating, i-stainless steel plating, i-tin plating kanye ne-tin plating, njll., engasetshenziswa kuphela njengezingxenye zensimbi nokunye okulwa nokugqwala, kodwa futhi inomsebenzi. yokuklama umhlobiso futhi uthuthukise izici zokungabi nalutho.
Amandla we-electrode ajwayelekile we-zinc ngu-0.76v. Nge-substrate yensimbi, i-zinc coating iyi-subanodic oxidation coating, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugwema ukugqwala kwensimbi. Inqubo ye-Electrogalvanizing ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: idiphu elishisayo elibonakalayo kanye ne-hot dip galvanizing ngaphandle kwe-cyanide.
I-Physical hot dip galvanizing ibonakala ngokusebenza okuhle kokucwenga kusixazululo esinamanzi, ukunamathela okubushelelezi nokuthambile, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi, isisombululo se-plating sihlukaniswe nge-micro cyanide, i-cyanide ephansi, i-cyanide ephakathi kanye ne-cyanide ephezulu amakilasi amaningana.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi into inobuthi, eminyakeni yamuva nje ijwayele ukukhetha i-micro cyanide futhi ayikho isixazululo se-cyanide plating.
Isixazululo samahhala se-cyanide sihlanganisa isisombululo se-asidi se-phosphate phosphate, isixazululo sokucwenga usawoti, isixazululo se-potassium thiocyanate kanye nesixazululo se-hingeless fluoride plating.
1. Ingxenye ye-alkali eshisayo idiphu ecwebezelayo icwebezela kahle, isicwebezelisi esihle, izinga lesisombululo se-plating kanye nekhono lokucwenga elijulile kuhle, vumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amanje kanye nobubanzi bokushisa bubanzi, ukugqwala okuncane ohlelweni.
Ifanele izingxenye ezinenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-electroplating kanye nogqinsi lokumboza ngaphezu kuka-120¦Ìm, kodwa amandla amanje esixazululo sokucwenga aphansi futhi anobuthi.
Izici ezilandelayo kufanele zinakwe ekucushweni kwesixazululo se-plating kanye nenqubo yokucwenga: 1} lawula ngokuqinile ukugxiliswa kwengxenye ngayinye kusixazululo sokucwenga.
Inani lokuhlushwa lengxenye ngayinye yesixazululo samanzi ashisayo e-cyanide aphezulu (i-moll/L} kufanele igcinwe njenge-:2) qaphela isixazululo ekugezeni, i-sodium hydroxide kanye nezingxenye ezihlobene negesi.
Lapho ukwakheka kwe-sulfide kudlula i-50 ~ 100g/L, ukuqhutshwa kwesisombululo se-plating kuyehla, futhi ukwelashwa kwe-anodic oxidation passivation kufanele kusetshenziswe ngendlela yokuqandisa (izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi lingu-5¡æ, ubude besikhathi bungaphezu kuka-8h, i-potassium. Inani lokuhlushwa kwe-carbonate lehliselwe ku-30~40g/L). Noma indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion (ukwengeza i-sodium carbonate noma i-barium hydroxide deposition kusixazululo sokucwenga) okumele ilashwe. 3) ukusetshenziswa kwe-anodic oxidation yepuleti yensimbi egoqiwe ebandayo (okuqukethwe kwe-zinc okungu-99.97%) kufanele kunake umkhono we-anodic oxidation, ukugwema udaka lwe-anode oluntantayo kusixazululo se-plating, ukuze ukugqoka kungabi bushelelezi.
4) Ukuzwela kwesixazululo esinama-galvanized se-hot-dip esisaseleni kuncane, futhi okuqukethwe kwakho okuvumelekile yilokhu: ithusi 0.075 — 0.2g/L, lead 0.02 — 0.04g/L,0.05 — 0.15g/L, ithini 0.05 — 0.1 g/L, chromium 0.015 — 0.025g/L, Ukungcola okusansimbi 0.15g/L¡¤ isixazululo sokucwebezelisa singaxazululwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: Engeza 12.5-3g /L sodium sulfide, ukuze yakhe imvula ye-sulfide ngensimbi futhi umthofu namanye ama-ion ensimbi angukhiye okufanele akhishwe: Engeza Impushana encane ye-zinc, ukuze kushintshwe ithusi nomthofu ngaphansi kwethangi ukuze kukhishwe: ingaxhuma futhi isixazululo, amandla amanje e-cathode ngu-0.1-0.2 A/cm2.
I-2 ingxenye ye-alkali zinc i-phosphate dip eshisayo i-galvanized ingxenye ye-alkali zinc acid i-dip eshisayo yokugeza ukwakheka kwe-alkali ilula, ilula ukuyisebenzisa, i-coating enhle futhi ekhanyayo, ukunamathela akulula ukufiphala, ukugqwala okuncane kwesistimu, ukuthuthwa kwendle nakho kulula kakhulu.
Kodwa isixazululo sokucwenga sezinga le-homogeneous plating kanye nekhono lokucwebeza elijulile kunesisombululo sokucwenga liphansi, amandla amanje aphansi (70% ~ 80%), amboza ngaphezu kokuthuthuka okuthile kokujiya.