Isingeniso se-valve yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwe-valve kagesi we-hydraulic actuator

I-valve yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwe-valve I-electric hydraulic actuator Isingeniso Umfutho we-valve - izinga lokushisa liwukucindezela okuphezulu okuvumelekile okusebenzayo ezingeni lokushisa elicacisiwe elivezwa njengokucindezela kwegeji. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile iyancipha. Idatha yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokukhethwa okulungile kwama-flange, ama-valve nokufakwa kwamapayipi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene okusebenza nezingcindezi, kanye nemingcele eyisisekelo ekuklanyweni kobunjiniyela nokukhiqiza. I-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-flange pressure-temperature ye-American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute kanye ne-BS1560 Part II zenziwe ngokuhambisana ne-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-pressure-temperature. Isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa lomfutho Umfutho wevalvu - ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kuwukucindezela okuphezulu okuvumelekile kokusebenza ezingeni lokushisa elicacisiwe elivezwa njengokucindezela kwegeji. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile iyancipha. Idatha yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokukhethwa okulungile kwama-flange, ama-valve nokufakwa kwamapayipi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene okusebenza nezingcindezi, kanye nemingcele eyisisekelo ekuklanyweni kobunjiniyela nokukhiqiza. Isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa elicindezelayo kanye nedatha yezinto ezihlukahlukene kuboniswa eSahlukweni 4. Amazwe amaningi enze izindinganiso zokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela kwamavalvu, okokufaka nama-flange. I. Izindinganiso zaseMelika Esilinganisweni saseMelika, ukucindezela kokulinganisa kwezinga lokushisa kwama-valve ensimbi kuhambisana ne-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992,ASMEB 16.34-1996; Ingcindezi yezilinganiso zokushisa zamavalvu ensimbi ensimbi ngokwe-ANSI 816.1-1989} B16.4-1989} ANSI B16.42-1985: Ingcindezi kumazinga okushisa amavalvu ethusi ngokwe-ASME/ANSI B16.15A-1992, ASME Izinhlinzeko ze-B16 .24-1991. 1) I-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 ichaza uchungechunge olubili losayizi be-flange ngesiNgisi namayunithi we-metric, futhi ibala ingcindezi ye-flange nezilinganiso zokushisa ezisebenza kumasistimu amabili ngokulandelanayo. Indlela yokunquma ingcindezi yeyunithi yaseBrithani - isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa sinikezwe kuSithasiselo D Sezinga. Uma sithatha amayunithi wemethrikhi njengesibonelo, ifomula yokunquma izilinganiso zezinga lokushisa lomfutho wezinto ezihlukene yilena: Lapho i-PT iyingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa (MPa) ezingeni lokushisa elishiwo; I-PN -- Ingcindezi yoqobo (MPa); σ- - Ukucindezelwa okuvumelekile (MPa) kokuqukethwe ezingeni lokushisa elithile. Lapho, inani elingu-148 liyivelu yengcindezi evumelekile yezinto zensimbi ye-carbon kuzinga lokushisa legumbi, elaziwa nge-reference coefficient yokucindezeleka. σ kufomula kuthonywa izici zokushisa zento esebenzayo, ingcindezi evumelekile namandla esivuno sento emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, nomthwalo webholidi. Inani lika-σ S licaciswe kokuthi ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Izinhlobo ezingafinyelela kweziyi-100 zezinto eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zaseFrance zifakiwe ezingeni, eziqoqwe ngokuya ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okufanayo kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. I-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-flange pressure-temperature ye-American Petroleum Institute, Japanese Petroleum Institute, French Petroleum Institute kanye ne-BS1560 Part II zenziwe ngokuhambisana ne-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 izilinganiso ze-pressure-temperature. 2) I-American ANSI B16.42-1985 "ipayipi lensimbi ye-ductile Flanges kanye nokufakwa kweFlanged" inikeza i-CL150 ne-CL300 (PN2.0 kanye ne-PN5.0mpa) izinga lokushisa le-ductile iron flange lokushisa kusithasiselo sendinganiso lihlinzeka ngendlela yokubunjwa wesigaba sokushisa kwengcindezi, Isimiso saso esiyisisekelo, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa, imikhawulo nezinqubo ngokuyisisekelo zihambisana ne-ASME/ANSIB 16.5A-1992. 3) I-ASME B16.34-1996 ihlanganisa idatha yesilinganiso sokucindezela kwezinga lokushisa kumavalvu ane-flanged ku-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Izilinganiso zengcindezi-yezinga lokushisa kwamavalvu avulekile kuleli zinga zilandela indlela yokwakheka ye-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992. Leli zinga libala ingcindezi - amathebula edatha yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa amavalvu ekilasi ajwayelekile ane-flanged nashikelwe ngezinqe kanye namavalvu ekilasi elikhethekile anezinqe ezishiselwe. Zingaphezu kwe-100 izinto zama-valve ezisohlwini olusezingeni, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu angama-27. Ii. Izindinganiso zaseJalimane Izinga lesiJalimane i-DIN2401-1977, Ingxenye II, Ingcindezi Yokusebenza Evumelekile Yezigaba Zokucindezela Kwepayipi, Insimbi nezingxenye zamapayipi ensimbi, izinga eliphelele uma kuqhathaniswa lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela. Phakathi kwazo, ukucindezela okuvumelekile kokusebenza kwepayipi elingenamthungo, ipayipi elishiselwe, i-flange, i-valve, ukufakwa kwepayipi kanye ne-bolt ngaphansi kwezinto ezahlukene kanye nezimo zokushisa ezihlukene zibalwe. Leli zinga lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisi-6 zezinto ezi-flanged, izinhlobo ezi-4 zezinto zokwakha ze-valve yensimbi eyi-flanged, izinhlobo ezi-5 zensimbi ecijile, izinhlobo ezi-5 zensimbi engumgunyathi, konke okuyizinto zoqobo. Zonke izinsimbi ziyi-carbon steel ne-low alloy steel, insimbi engagqwali ayifakiwe. Kubekwe ngokucacile esilinganisweni sokuthi lapho kukhethwa ezinye izinto ezihlukile kokwasekuqaleni, ingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile izobalwa ngokuvumelana nesilinganiso phakathi kwevelu yophawu lwamandla lwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nenani lamandla lezinto zokwakha zangempela ezicaciswe ku ejwayelekile ku-20 ℃. Ngokucindezela kwensimbi engagqwali - isilinganiso sokushisa, i-ISO/DIS70651 "i-steel flange" iyengezwa. Ifomula yokunquma isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa kwengcindezi yezinto zensimbi engagqwali yilena: Lapho i-PT iyingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile (MPa) yezinto ezisanda kushiwo kuzinga lokushisa elingu-T; I-PN -- Ingcindezi yoqobo (MPa); σs- - amandla okukhiqiza wezinto ezibonakalayo ezingeni lokushisa T, okungukuthi i-Sigma, sigma 0.1 0.2 (MPa). Lapho, inani elingu-205 liyinani lamandla esivuno lensimbi ye-Cr18Ni8Mo engu-20 ℃, eyaziwa njenge-reference coefficient yokucindezeleka. Okwesithathu, indinganiso yangaphambili yaseSoviet I-standard yangaphambili yeSoviet TOCT356-1980 "I-Valve nezinsiza zepayipi ingcindezi yegama, ingcindezi yokuhlola kanye nochungechunge lwengcindezi yokusebenza", konke kuhambisana ne-cMIAC standard RTAB253-19760 Ubudlelwano phakathi kwengcindezi yokusebenza kanye nengcindezi yamagama kuvezwa ifomula elandelayo: Lapho i-PT -- ingcindezi yokusebenza yezinto ezishiwo ezingeni lokushisa T, (MPa); I-PN -- Ingcindezi yoqobo (MPa); σ20 -- Ingcindezi evumelekile (MPa) yezinto ezibonakalayo ku-200℃; Ingcindezi evumelekile yezinto ezibonakalayo ku-σ S - -- izinga lokushisa (MPa) Kwizinga langaphambili le-Soviet TOCT356-1980, izinto zokwakha zihlanganiswa. Kuleli zinga, ingcindezi yokusebenza enkulu ngokuqhathaniswa evumelekile ngaphansi kuka-200 ℃ ithathwa njengengcindezi yokusebenza ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elivamile, futhi ilingana nengcindezi encane. Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 "Common Pipe Flanges" liyinhlanganisela yezinga laseMelika le-ASME/ANSI B16.5A-1992 kanye nezinga le-German standard pressure class flange. Ngakho-ke, izindinganiso zokulinganisa izinga lokushisa zamukelwa ngokulandelana e-United States naseJalimane emazweni amabili indlela yokusetha evamile yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwe-flange kanye ne-ISO/DIS7005-1-1992 ehambisanayo kungcindezi yegama elithi PN0.25, efana no-0.6, 1.0 , 1.6, 2.5, 4.0 MPa iyisistimu ye-flange yesiJalimane; I-PN2,5,10,15,25,42MPa iyingxenye yesistimu ye-flange yaseMelika. Izinga lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokucindezela kwesistimu ngayinye lisebenza kuphela kuzinga le-flange lesistimu efanelekile. Okwesihlanu, izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina Izinga lezwe lonke i-GB/T9124-2000(Isithasiselo A) "Izimo Zobuchwepheshe Zezinhlayiya Zepayipi Lensimbi" libhekisela emigomeni nezindlela zokwenza izilinganiso zokucindezela nezinga lokushisa ngesiJalimane i-DIN2401-1977 kanye ne-American ASME/ANSI B16.5A -1992, futhi isebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-flange e-China. Ngokwendinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe ISO/DIS7005-1-1992, ukulinganisa kwe-flange pressure-temperature ochungechungeni lwengcindezi yokulinganisa okubili (PNO.25~ 4.0mpa, PN2.0 ~ 42.0mpa) sakhiwe ngokulandelanayo. Izinga licacisa izinhlobo ezingu-13 zezinto ze-flange kumabanga angu-12 okucindezela okulinganiselwe, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elingu-20 ~ 530 ℃ ukucindezela okukhulu okuvumelekile okuvunyelwe ukusebenza. I-piston rod eyodwa ye-hydraulic cylinder Umfanekiso 2-23 ubonisa umdwebo we-schematic we-piston rod hydraulic cylinder eyodwa. Le silinda ye-hydraulic inenduku yepiston egumbini elilodwa kuphela. Indlela yayo yokufaka inezinhlobo ezimbili zesilinda esimisiwe kanye nenduku ye-piston engashintshi. Ukuze kukhishwe ukugudluka komugqa, ukulungiswa kwesilinda kusetshenziswa kaningi. Indawo yokusebenza ephumelelayo ye-piston rod hydraulic cylinder ene-rod cavity futhi akukho mgodi wenduku ongalingani. Ngakho-ke, lapho amafutha okucindezela engena emigodini emibili yesilinda ngengcindezi efanayo kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza, isivinini nokuphonswa kwepiston kuzo zombili izinkomba akulingani. I-oscillating cylinder ingafinyelela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo oku-oscillating, i-engeli yayo ezungezayo ingaphansi kuka-360°. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydraulic actuator ku-valve elawulayo akukuhle njenge-actuator yomoya kanye nekagesi. Empeleni, inqobo nje uma umthombo wamandla we-actuator yomoya ushintshwa ube umthombo wamandla we-hydraulic, ungaba i-hydraulic actuator. I-hydraulic actuator empeleni iyisilinda esisebenza ngogesi, esisetshenziswa ku-hydraulic actuator hydraulic cylinder, ikakhulukazi i-piston rod hydraulic cylinder kanye ne-swing hydraulic cylinder. I-hydraulic cylinder engu-1 (1) I-piston rod eyodwa ye-hydraulic cylinder Umfanekiso 2-23 ubonisa umdwebo wohlelo lwe-single piston rod hydraulic cylinder. Le silinda ye-hydraulic inenduku yepiston egumbini elilodwa kuphela. Indlela yayo yokufaka inezinhlobo ezimbili zesilinda esimisiwe kanye nenduku ye-piston engashintshi. Ukuze kukhishwe ukugudluka komugqa, ukulungiswa kwesilinda kusetshenziswa kaningi. Indawo yokusebenza ephumelelayo ye-piston rod hydraulic cylinder ene-rod cavity futhi akukho mgodi wenduku ongalingani. Ngakho-ke, lapho amafutha okucindezela engena emigodini emibili yesilinda ngengcindezi efanayo kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza, isivinini nokuphonswa kwepiston kuzo zombili izinkomba akulingani. Umfanekiso 2-23 Umdwebo we-Schematic we-single piston rod hydraulic cylinder A) lapho uwoyela uphakelwa ngaphandle kwesigxobo senduku b) lapho uwoyela uphakelwa ngembobo yenduku c) lapho ukuxhuma okuhlukile kwe-hydraulic cylinder kwenziwa Ku-FIG. 2-23, emfanekisweni A, lapho amafutha ephiwa ngaphandle kwesigxobo senduku, isivinini sawo singamandla okukhipha; emfanekisweni B, lapho uwoyela uphakelwa ngesigxobo senduku, isivinini sawo singamandla okukhipha; U-C ukhombisa ukuxhumana okuhlukile kwe-hydraulic cylinder, futhi ijubane layo lithi: amandla okukhiphayo. (2) I-Swing cylinder ingafinyelela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, i-Angle yayo yokushwiba ingaphansi kuka-360°. Uhlobo lwe-single blade kanye ne-rack kanye nohlobo lwe-pinion amasilinda oscillating asetshenziswa kakhulu. I-rack kanye ne-pinion swing cylinder yenza i-rack phezu kwe-piston rod phakathi kwama-piston amabili. Irack ixhunywe negiya ukuze iguqule ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwenduku ye-piston ibe ukuzungezisa i-shaft yokuphumayo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 24. Isilinda sokushwibeka kwepuleti elilodwa njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2-25A, incike oketshezini ukuze iphushe insimbi. ipuleti kusilinda ukuze kuzuzwe ukushwibeka. Kulesi silinda esishintshayo, i-torque ejikelezayo yokucindezela okuphakathi P ku-shaft ye-pendulum iboniswa ku-Figure 2-25b, futhi inani layo liwumkhiqizo we-pressure P kanye nebanga R. I-torque yokudonsa ekhiqizwa ingcindezi ephakathi esebenza kwesokunxele. Ihlangothi layo lonke ipuleti leblade likufomula, D -- isilinda somzimba ububanzi (cm); D -- Ububanzi be-axis yokujika (cm); P -- Ukucindezela kokusebenza kwe-Inlet (MPa); H -- Ububanzi be-blade (cm); Qu -- Ukugudluzwa ngakunye ukuphenduka kwesilinda (CM3 / R) η - ukusebenza kahle komshini kwesilinda sokushwibeka η=0.8~0.85 Uma isivinini esimaphakathi sokuzungezisa seshafu esijingi saziwa ngokuthi N (r/min), khona-ke ukugeleza kwevolumu yesilinda esishwibekayo. Qu (L/min) Umfanekiso 2-24 Isilinda sohlobo lwe-Pinion kanye ne-rack 1.1 'inadi elilodwa 2.2' ibhawudi elilodwa 3 ikhava yesiphetho esisodwa 4,4 'indandatho eyodwa yokuvala ikhava 5.5' isihlalo esisodwa sasentwasahlobo/sentwasahlobo 6,6 'irack eyodwa i-piston 7 igobolondo elilodwa 8.21 iwasha eyodwa 9 indandatho eyodwa ebambekayo yokunwebeka 10 eyodwa iwasha eyiflethi 11.13.17.20.24 -- 0 indandatho 12.25 -- isembozo sokuphela isiwashi esiyisicaba Ukulungisa ibhawudi 15 - Piston bush 16 - indandatho yomhlahlandlela wepiston 18- I-shaft ephansi 19 ukuzala 22 - Ukuzala okuphezulu