Kofa bawul albarkatun kasa Bawul kayan jiki Carbon karfe ƙofar bawul albarkatun kasa karfe annealing

Gate bawul albarkatun kasa Bawul kayan jiki Carbon karfe kofa bawul albarkatun kasa karfe annealing Za a iya amfani da shi ga marasa lalacewa abubuwa, a wasu yanayi na musamman kamar a cikin wani kewayon zafin jiki, maida hankali yanayi, za a iya amfani da wasu m abubuwa. Akwai zafin jiki -29 ~ 425 ℃. Jikin bawul, bawul ɗin kwarara guda ɗaya da bawul ɗin ƙofar (bawul ɗin piston) sun fi rikitarwa, don haka gabaɗayan amfani da sassan simintin. Wasu caliber bawul ko bawul ɗin ƙofa tare da ƙa'idodin yanayin aiki na musamman suna amfani da sassa na simintin ƙarfe. Yawancin jikin bawul, bawul ɗin kwarara guda ɗaya da bawul ɗin ƙofar (bawul ɗin piston) sun fi rikitarwa, don haka gabaɗayan amfani da sassan simintin. Wasu caliber bawul ko bawul ɗin ƙofa tare da ƙa'idodin yanayin aiki na musamman suna amfani da sassa na simintin ƙarfe. Ana iya amfani da ƙarfe na carbon don abubuwan da ba su da lalacewa, a wasu yanayi na musamman kamar a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafin jiki, yanayin ƙima, ana iya amfani da shi don wasu abubuwa masu lalata. Akwai zafin jiki -29 ~ 425 ℃ Carbon jefa karfe sassa A halin yanzu, aiwatar da misali amfani a kasar mu ne GB12229 -- 89 "General bawul, carbon karfe simintin Technical yanayi", abu iri ne WCA, WCB, WCC. Ma'aunin ya yi daidai da ƙa'idar ƙungiyar gwajin kayan waje ta ASTMA216-77 "high zafin jiki fusible carbon karfe simintin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai". An canza ma'auni aƙalla sau biyu, amma GB12229-89 na har yanzu ana amfani da shi, kuma sabon sigar da nake gani a matakin yanzu shine Astma216-2001. Ya bambanta da Asma 216-77 (wato daga GB12229-89) ta hanyoyi uku. A: Abubuwan buƙatun 2001 sun ƙara da buƙatun don ƙarfe na WCB, wato, ga kowane raguwar 0.01% a cikin babban ƙimar iyakar carbon, babban ƙimar iyakar magnesium na iya ƙarawa da 0.04% har sai matsakaicin ƙimar shine 1.28%. B: Sundries Cu na nau'ikan WCA, WCB da WCC: 0.50% a cikin 77, an daidaita su zuwa 0.30% a cikin 2001; Cr: 0.40% a cikin 77 da 0.50% a cikin 2001; Mo: Ya kasance 0.25% a cikin '77 da 0.20% a cikin 2001. C: Ragowar haɗakar abubuwa yakamata ya zama ƙasa da ko daidai da 1.0%. A cikin 2001, lokacin da akwai ma'auni daidai da carbon, wannan juzu'in bai dace ba, kuma ana buƙatar iyakar carbon daidai da nau'ikan guda uku ya zama 0.5 da tsarin lissafin carbon daidai. Q&A: Abubuwan da suka dace na simintin gyare-gyare dole ne su kasance masu cancanta a cikin abubuwan sinadarai na halitta, kayan aikin injiniya, kuma sun cika buƙatun, musamman ma'anar ɓarna na ɓangarori, in ba haka ba zai cutar da aikin walda. B: Tsarin sinadarai na halitta da aka ƙayyade a cikin lambar har yanzu shine matsakaicin. Don samun kyakkyawan aikin walda da kuma cimma abubuwan da ake buƙata na kayan aikin injiniya, dole ne a kafa ƙa'idodin kulawa na ciki na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da aiwatar da daidaitaccen tsarin kula da zafi don sassan simintin gyare-gyare da sandunan gwaji. In ba haka ba, samarwa da kera sassan simintin da ba su cancanta ba. Misali, WCB karfe carbon abun ciki misali ≤0.3%, idan smelter fitar da WCB karfe carbon abun ciki na 0.1% ko žasa daga abun da ke ciki don ganin ya cancanta, amma tsarin inji Properties ba su cika bukatun. Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon idan yayi daidai da 0.3% shima ya cancanci amma kayan walda Mara kyau, sarrafa carbon zuwa 0.25% ya fi dacewa. Ana son zama "shiga da fita," wasu masu zuba jari za su gabatar da ƙa'idodin sarrafa carbon a fili. C: Zazzabi Categories dangane da carbon karfe bawuloli (a) JB/T5300 -- 91 "Universal bawul kayan" bukatun na carbon karfe bawul samuwa zazzabi na -30 ℃ zuwa 450 ℃. (b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical karfe janar bawul selection, dubawa da kuma yarda" bukatun na carbon karfe bawul samuwa zafin jiki na -20 ℃ zuwa 425 ℃ ( aikace-aikace na low iyaka tanadi ga -20 ℃ ne domin ya gama tare da GB150 karfe jirgin ruwa matsa lamba) (c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange da butt waldi karshen bawul" aiki matsa lamba - zafin jiki rated halin yanzu darajar daidaitattun bukatun WCB A105 (carbon karfe) samuwa zazzabi kewayon ciki har da -29 ℃ zuwa 425 ℃, ba za a iya amfani da sama 425 ℃ na dogon lokaci. M carbon karfe o ƙarin tabbatar da graphitize a game da 425 ℃. Gate bawul albarkatun kasa na karfe annealing cikakken annealing (recrystallization annealing): da karfe jinkirin dumama zuwa Ac3 (hypoeutectoid karfe) sama da 30 ~ 50 ℃, don tabbatar da matsakaici lokaci, sa'an nan jinkirin refrigeration fita. Domin na kowa karfe, bisa ga dumama tsari na ferrite cikin martensite (baya canji recrystallization) da kuma refrigeration tsari ban da na biyu canji recrystallization, da crystal lafiya, lokacin farin ciki Layer, uniform tsarin ferrite. Grey simintin ƙarfe annealing: karfe yana mai zafi zuwa zafin jiki na 30 ~ 50 ℃ sama da Ac1, sannan a hankali a sanyaya. 1) Ma'anar: Zazzabi sassa zuwa 30 ~ 50 ℃ sama da zafin jiki mai mahimmanci, zafi mai zafi na wani lokaci, sa'an nan kuma tare da firiji na tanderun. (Mahimman zafin jiki: zafin jiki wanda tsarin ciki na karfe ya canza) 2) Manufofin: (1) Rage ƙarfi da inganta aikin niƙa; (2) Tace hatsi, inganta tsari da rarraba siminti a cikin karfe, da kuma kafa harsashin tsarin maganin zafi na ƙarshe; (3) Cire damuwa na thermal, cire damuwa na thermal da ke haifar da canjin sifa ta hanyar samar da canji, sarrafa niƙa ko waldawar lantarki da ragowar zafin jiki a cikin sassan simintin gyare-gyare, don rage lalacewa da kuma guje wa bushewa; (4) spherification na siminti don rage ƙarfi; ⑤ Haɓaka da kawar da kowane nau'in gazawar ƙungiyar da aka kafa a cikin ƙirƙira ƙarfe, ƙirƙira da aikin walda, don guje wa haifar da ƙananan fararen aibobi. 4) Nau'in: A cikin samarwa, ana amfani da tsarin annealing sosai. Dangane da samfurin workpiece annealing sakamako ba iri ɗaya ba ne, akwai nau'ikan ka'idodin aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun amfani da su ake amfani da su, ana cire baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, ko zuwa damuwa da damuwa na ƙasa (1) Cikakken kumburi (recrystallization annealing): karfe jinkirin dumama zuwa Ac3 (karfe na hypoeutectoid) sama da 30 ~ 50 ℃, don tabbatar da matsakaicin lokaci, sannan jinkirin firiji. Domin na kowa karfe, bisa ga dumama tsari na ferrite cikin martensite (baya canji recrystallization) da kuma refrigeration tsari ban da na biyu canji recrystallization, da crystal lafiya, lokacin farin ciki Layer, uniform tsarin ferrite. ② Gyaran baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka: ana ƙona karfe zuwa zafin jiki na 30 ~ 50 ℃ sama da Ac1, sannan a sanyaya a hankali. Tsarin ferrite ya zama spheroidal da granular, kuma ƙananan ƙarfe da matsakaici na carbon tare da irin wannan tsarin yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙarfin hakowa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin lanƙwasa sanyi. Don gami karfe, irin wannan tsarin shine mafi kyawun tsarin farko kafin maganin zafi. (Sample shaft CrWMn, jagora shaft Tenon GCr15) Cikakken annealing da isothermal annealing Complete annealing - dumama zuwa Ac3 20 ~ 30 ℃, zafi rufi bayan sanyi tanderu - yana nufin dumama don kammala austenization Manufa: bisa ga cikakken recrystallization hatsi, symptomatic hatsi. tsarin, inganta aikin Aikace-aikacen: karfe hypoeutectoid, ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon: rage ƙarfin, inganta aikin hakowa. Ƙungiyar: FP Isothermal tsari annealing - dumama zuwa Ac3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50 ℃, Thermal rufi ne bi da iska sanyaya bayan da wadannan isothermal tsari a Ar1: tare da sosai annealing ga sauki iko Aikace-aikace: matsakaici da kuma ferritic bakin karfe Organization: FP ko Fe3C P Grey jefa baƙin ƙarfe annealing da yada annealing Grey simintin ƙarfe annealed - mai tsanani zuwa Ac1 20 ~ 30 Manufar: Don samun mai siffar zobe Fe3C, taushi Aikace-aikace: eutectoid, eutectoid karfe Tissue: mai siffar zobe P Spread annealing - dumama zuwa 100-200 digiri a kasa digiri 100-200 da m line, dogon lokacin da thermal rufi (10-15h) bayan jinkirin sanyaya Manufar: simmetrical abun da ke ciki Dace da: bakin karfe simintin gyaran kafa Microstructure: m hatsi - bayan yada annealing da sosai annealing ko quenching - inganta Destress annealing da kuma aiki hardening annealing De- damuwa damuwa - dumama zuwa Ac1-100 ~ 200 ℃, zafi rufi bayan tanderun sanyi Manufa: Don cire thermal danniya da kuma daidaita kungiyar Aikace-aikace: sanyi sassa zane, zafi magani sassa Organization: Ba zai canza Aiki hardening annealing -- dumama zuwa t sa'an nan 150 ~ 250 ℃, zafi rufi bayan iska sanyaya Manufa: Don rage ƙarfi da kuma inganta plasticity Aikace-aikace: aiki hardening samfurin workpiece Tsarin: equiaxed hatsi Work hardening zafin jiki: T re = T narkewa × 0.4 (zazzabi) quenching Normalizing - dumama zuwa Ac3 (AcCM) 30 ~ 50 ℃, zafi rufi bayan iska sanyaya Manufar: Tace hatsi, inganta yi Aikace-aikace: high carbon karfe HB↑ → Inganta sabon Properties na carbon (aluminum gami) karfe tace hatsi symmetry kungiyar (zafi magani, zafi magani kafin) hypereutectoid karfe → share raga tsarin Fe3CⅡ, kwanciya harsashi ga spheroidization jiyya na sassa da ƙananan bukatun → inji kayan aiki karshe zafi magani tsari.