Yi magana game da bambanci tsakanin ƙirƙira da simintin ƙarfe na bawul ɗin ƙarfe don taƙaitaccen nau'ikan kuskuren bakin karfe bawul bawul

Magana game da bambanci tsakanin ƙirƙira da simintin ƙarfe na bawul ɗin ƙarfe na bakin karfe bawul ɗin ɓarna nau'ikan kuskuren simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana nufin kowane nau'in simintin ƙarfe da aka samar ta hanyar simintin. Nau'in simintin gyare-gyare. Karfe na simintin ya kasu kashi uku: simintin carbon karfe, jefa ƙaramin gami da ƙarfe na musamman. Ana amfani da simintin simintin gyare-gyare musamman wajen kera wasu siffa mai rikitarwa, mai wahalar ƙirƙira ko yanke kafa kuma yana buƙatar babban ƙarfi da sassa na filastik. Ƙarfe na ƙirƙira yana nufin kayan ƙirƙira iri-iri da ƙirar ƙirƙira ta hanyar ƙirƙira. Ƙarfe da aka ƙera suna da inganci fiye da simintin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare, suna iya jure babban tasiri, filastik, tauri da sauran abubuwan kayan aikin injiniya kuma sun fi sassa na simintin ƙarfe, don haka duk wasu mahimman sassan injin yakamata a yi su da sassa na ƙarfe na jabu. Karfe simintin gyare-gyare yana nufin kowane nau'in simintin ƙarfe da aka samar ta hanyar simintin. Nau'in simintin gyare-gyare. Karfe na simintin ya kasu kashi uku: simintin carbon karfe, jefa ƙaramin gami da ƙarfe na musamman. Ana amfani da simintin simintin gyare-gyare musamman wajen kera wasu siffa mai rikitarwa, mai wahalar ƙirƙira ko yanke kafa kuma yana buƙatar babban ƙarfi da sassa na filastik. Ƙarfe na ƙirƙira yana nufin kayan ƙirƙira iri-iri da ƙirar ƙirƙira ta hanyar ƙirƙira. Ƙarfe da aka ƙera suna da inganci fiye da simintin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare, suna iya jure babban tasiri, filastik, tauri da sauran abubuwan kayan aikin injiniya kuma sun fi sassa na simintin ƙarfe, don haka duk wasu mahimman sassan injin yakamata a yi su da sassa na ƙarfe na jabu. Bawul ɗin ƙarfe da aka ƙirƙira da bambance-bambancen bawul ɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe: Ingantacciyar bawul ɗin ƙarfe mai ƙirƙira ya fi na simintin ƙarfe, yana iya jure babban tasiri mai ƙarfi, filastik, tauri da sauran abubuwan kayan aikin injiniya sun fi simintin ƙarfe, amma diamita mara kyau shine kadan kadan, gabaɗaya a cikin DN50 a ƙasa. Matsayin matsa lamba na simintin gyare-gyare yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, matsa lamba na ƙididdiga da aka saba amfani da shi don PN16, PN25, PN40, 150LB-900LB. Karfe bawul maki: PN100, PN160, PN320, 1500LB-3500LB, da dai sauransu. Cast karfe ne yafi amfani a yi na wasu hadaddun siffar, wuya ga ƙirƙira ko yankan kafa da kuma bukatar high ƙarfi da plasticity sassa. Simintin gyare-gyare ne ruwa forming, da kuma ƙirƙira wani filastik nakasawa tsari, ƙirƙira kafa workpiece iya inganta ciki tsarin na kungiyar, mai kyau inji Properties, uniform hatsi, da muhimmanci wuya workpiece dole ne a ƙirƙira, simintin gyaran kafa zai haifar da rabuwa, kungiyar lahani, ba shakka. simintin gyaran kafa yana da abũbuwan amfãni, forming hadaddun workpiece ƙirƙira ba sauki bude mold, ya dauki simintin gyaran kafa. Ƙirƙirar bawul (bawul ɗin ƙarfe mai ƙirƙira) Gabatarwa: 1. Za a iya raba ƙirƙira zuwa: (1) Ƙirƙirar yanayin rufewa (die ƙirƙira). Za a iya raba ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira zuwa ƙirƙirar mutuwa, ƙirƙira rotary, taken sanyi, extrusion, da sauransu. Ana sanya babur ƙarfe a cikin injin ƙirƙira tare da takamaiman siffa don samun ƙirjin. Dangane da yanayin zafin nakasar, ana iya raba shi zuwa ƙirƙira sanyi (ƙirƙirar zafin jiki shine yanayin zafi na al'ada), ƙirar ƙirƙira mai dumi (ƙirƙirar zafin jiki yana ƙasa da zazzabi na recrystallization na ƙarfe mara ƙarfi) da ƙirƙira mai zafi (zazzabi ƙirƙira ya fi ƙarfin recrystallization). (2) Buɗe ƙirƙira (ƙirƙira kyauta). Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na ƙirƙira na hannu da ƙirƙira na inji. Ana sanya babur karfen tsakanin babba da na ƙasa biyu tubalan anvil (baƙin ƙarfe) kuma ana amfani da ƙarfin tasiri ko matsa lamba don nakasar babur ta yadda za a sami kayan ƙirjin da ake buƙata. 2, ƙirƙira yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan ƙirƙira guda biyu na ƙirƙira, nauyin injin yana da girma, yanayin aiki mai ƙarfi na sassa masu mahimmanci, yin amfani da ƙirƙira, nau'in sassa na walda mai sauƙi da ake samu, sai farantin bayanan martaba. Ana iya kawar da ramukan walda da simintin gyare-gyare na kayan ƙarfe ta hanyar ƙirƙira. 3, daidaitaccen zaɓi na ƙirƙira rabo don haɓaka ingancin samfur da rage farashi yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa. Abubuwan ƙirƙira sune yafi carbon karfe, bakin karfe da gami karfe. Ƙirar ƙirƙira tana nufin rabon yankin giciye na ƙarfe kafin naƙasa zuwa yankin ɓangaren mutuwa bayan nakasawa. Asalin yanayin kayan sun haɗa da ingot, mashaya, ƙarfe na ruwa da foda na ƙarfe. 4. The inji Properties na forgings ne gaba ɗaya mafi alhẽri daga na simintin gyaran kafa na wannan kayan. Ƙirƙirar hanya hanya ce ta sarrafawa don samun takamaiman tsari da girma tare da ingantattun kayan aikin injiniya ta hanyar amfani da matsi a kan babur karfe tare da injinan ƙirƙira da latsawa don sa ƙarancin ƙarfe ya haifar da nakasar filastik. Casting bawul (simintin karfe bawul) 1, akwai da yawa nau'i na simintin gyaran kafa, bisa ga modeling Hanyar talakawa yashi simintin gyare-gyare da kuma musamman simintin: ① Talakawa yashi simintin, ciki har da bushe yashi, rigar yashi da kuma sinadaran hardening yashi 3 iri. (2) Simintin simintin gyare-gyare na musamman, bisa ga kayan simintin za a iya raba su zuwa simintin ƙarfe na musamman da kayan ƙarfe na musamman; Yin simintin gyare-gyare na musamman tare da ƙarfe kamar kayan simintin, wanda ya haɗa da: simintin matsi, simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe, simintin ƙaramin ƙarfi, ci gaba da simintin simintin, simintin centrifugal, da sauransu. , Simintin laka, simintin matsi mara kyau, simintin yumbu, da dai sauransu Samar da simintin gyare-gyare yana da ingantattun kaddarorin inji, mafi girman daidaitawar samar da simintin, da ƙarancin farashi. 3. Simintin gyare-gyare shine tushen tsarin masana'antar kera injinan zamani. Ana narkar da karfen ya zama ruwa a zuba a cikin simintin simintin gyaran kafa. 4. Tsarin simintin yakan haɗa da: (1) Shirya gyare-gyaren simintin gyaran kafa (samfurin da ake amfani da shi don yin ƙarfe na ruwa ya zama m simintin gyare-gyare, ingancin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren kai tsaye yana rinjayar ingancin simintin), gyare-gyaren simintin bisa ga adadin amfani za a iya zama. Ya kasu kashi nau'in yarwa, nau'i mai yawa da nau'in dogon lokaci, simintin gyare-gyare bisa ga kayan: nau'in karfe, nau'in yashi, nau'in laka, nau'in yumbu, nau'in graphite, da dai sauransu. , carbon karfe da bakin karfe, da dai sauransu; (3) Yin jiyya da dubawa, jiyya na simintin gyaran kafa ya haɗa da simintin gyare-gyare na waje da ainihin, jiyya na protrusions (ƙarƙashin niƙa, yankan da zubar da jiyya da jiyya, da dai sauransu), jiyya mai zafi, siffatawa, m machining da tsatsa magani, da dai sauransu. . inji, karfe tanderu, gyare-gyaren inji, yashi hadawa inji, harbi ayukan iska mai ƙarfi, da dai sauransu) more. 6. Ƙarfe na simintin ya kasu kashi uku: simintin ƙarfe na carbon, jefa ƙananan gami da ƙarfe na musamman. ① Karfe Karfe. Jifa karfe tare da carbon a matsayin babban abin haɗawa da ƙananan adadin sauran abubuwa. Carbon abun ciki kasa da 0.2% domin simintin low carbon karfe, carbon abun ciki 0.2% ~ 0.5% don simintin matsakaici carbon karfe, carbon abun ciki fiye da 0.5% domin simintin high carbon karfe. Tare da karuwar abun ciki na carbon, ƙarfi da taurin simintin carbon karfe yana ƙaruwa. Cast carbon karfe yana da babban ƙarfi, filastik da tauri, ƙarancin farashi, ana amfani dashi a cikin injina masu nauyi don kera sassa don ɗaukar manyan kaya, kamar firam ɗin injin mirgina, tushe mai latsawa na hydraulic, da dai sauransu. sassa masu ɗaukar tasiri kamar matashin kai, firam ɗin gefe, ƙafafun ƙafa da ma'aurata, da sauransu. Cast karfe dauke da manganese, chromium, jan karfe da sauran alloying abubuwa. Jimlar adadin abubuwan haɗakarwa gabaɗaya ƙasa da 5%, wanda ke da tasiri mafi ƙarfi kuma yana iya samun ingantattun kaddarorin inji ta hanyar magani mai zafi. Simintin ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana da mafi kyawun aiki fiye da ƙarfe na carbon, zai iya rage ingancin sassa, inganta rayuwar sabis. ③ Simintin karfe na musamman. Ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyaren da aka tace don dacewa da buƙatu na musamman na nau'i-nau'i iri-iri ne, yawanci yana ƙunshe da abubuwa guda ɗaya ko fiye masu girma don samun wani abu na musamman. Misali, babban karfen manganese mai dauke da 11% ~ 14% manganese zai iya jure lalacewa, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don jure lalacewa na kayan ma'adinai da injinan injiniya. Bakin karfe da chromium ko chromium nickel a matsayin babban alloying kashi, amfani a lalata ko high zafin jiki yanayi sama da 650 ℃ aiki sassa, kamar sinadaran bawul jikin, famfo, kwantena ko babban iya aiki tashar turbine gidaje. Takaitacciyar nau'ikan gazawa don zubar da bakin karfen bawul ɗin bawul ɗin bakin karfe mafi yawan bakin karfe. A cikin aikin niƙa, saboda zaɓin da ba daidai ba na kayan niƙa da kuma hanyoyin da ba daidai ba, ba kawai rage yawan samar da bawul ba, amma kuma yana rinjayar ingancin samfurin. Dangane da halaye na kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, zaɓin kayan aiki tare da ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi da juriya, kuma a cikin sarrafa murkushe abrasive har yanzu yana shafar ingancin samfurin. A bawul zuwa workpiece nika ne da farko ga nika kayan aiki nesting, sa'an nan tare da taimakon abrasive barbashi da kuma nika ruwa gauraye hada da nika wakili cimma manufar nika aiki. Ƙarfin niƙa yana nufin ƙarfin da ke aiki a kan yanki mai niƙa na naúrar, wanda aka yi amfani da shi ga kayan aiki da ƙarfin da ke aiki a saman da aka sarrafa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin abrasive. Idan matsin ya yi ƙanƙanta, tasirin niƙa kaɗan ne. Ƙara yawan matsa lamba, za a inganta tasirin niƙa, kuma za a inganta aikin niƙa. Duk da haka, lokacin da matsa lamba ya karu zuwa wani ƙima, abin mamaki na jikewa yana faruwa, kuma aikin niƙa gabaɗaya ya kai babban darajar. Idan matsa lamba a kowane yanki na yanki ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa, ingancin yana raguwa. Ba za a iya yin la'akari da matsalar matsalar bawul ɗin bakin ƙarfe ba, muna yin ɗan taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen matsalolin da ke gaba, Ina fata zai zama taimako ga tsarin amfani da ku: 1. Bakin ƙarfe bawul ɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa da farko, ya zama dole don bincika ko bawul ɗin. kuma an ƙara maƙarƙashiyar haɗin bawul. Idan ba a ɗaure su ba, zoben gasket da gefen tsagi na flange ɗin ba su cika haɗuwa ba, wanda galibi yana haifar da zubewa. Bincika kusoshi da goro a jere kuma a danne duk kusoshi har sai an matsa zoben gasket sosai. Abu na biyu, ya kamata a duba girman da daidaito na zoben gasket da flange sealing tsagi surface. Idan girman saman lamban rufewa ba daidai ba ne ko kuma ya yi muni sosai, ya kamata a gyara zoben gasket ko sabunta shi. Bugu da ƙari, bincika ko akwai wasu lalata, ramukan yashi, ramukan yashi ko ƙazanta a cikin fuskar hulɗar zoben gasket da tsagi na flange. Idan akwai irin wannan lahani, ya kamata a gyara, gyara ko tsaftace shi daidai. 2. Bakin ƙarfe murfin bawul ɗin murfin bawul ɗin murfin Valve, galibi yana bayyana a cikin yayyowar hatimin. Da farko, bincika ko an zaɓi hatimin daidai kuma ko ya dace da tsagi na hatimi. Idan akwai irin waɗannan matsalolin, maye gurbin zoben hatimi ko gyara tsagi na hatimi. Na biyu, duba ko sassan rufewa sun bayyana burar, fashewa, torsion da sauran abubuwan mamaki, wannan yanayin don maye gurbin sassan rufewa. Bugu da ƙari, bincika ko saman hatimin kowane tsagi na hatimi yana da ƙaƙƙarfan ko yana da wasu lahani. Idan akwai lahani, yakamata a kawar da lahani ko kuma a sabunta sassan da suka lalace. Murfin bawul ko sashi yana da marufi da za a rufe ta ta hanyar matsawa. Ya kamata a duba shigarwar waɗannan marufi. Idan an gano cewa an shigar da marufi na sama da na ƙasa sama da ƙasa, sai a cire shi kuma a sake shigar da shi daidai da hanyar da ta dace. Bugu da ƙari, bincika ko madaidaicin fuskar lamba na hatimin ya dace da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun. 3. Bakin karfe bawul jiki rami mai kyau leakage Valve jiki a cikin aikin simintin gyare-gyare, wani lokacin za a sami ramukan yashi, ramukan yashi da sauran lahani na simintin, yana da wahala a same shi a cikin aikin injin, da zarar an yi amfani da matsin lamba, simintin ɓoye. za a fallasa lahani. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don gyara walda, gyarawa ko sabuntawa. 4. Bakin karfe bawul wurin zama bawul farantin leakage Leakage a wurin zama farantin ne na kowa faru lokacin installing ko sabis bawuloli. Gabaɗaya, ana iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: ɗaya shine ɗigogin saman rufewa, ɗayan kuma shine zubewar tushen zobe. Da farko, ya kamata a duba madaidaicin lamba ta fuskar rufewa tsakanin wurin zama da farantin bawul. Wurin rufewa ya kamata ya zama aƙalla ƙasa. Idan an gano daidaiton saman yana da tsauri sosai, yakamata a cire shi kuma a sake ƙasa. Abu na biyu, duba ko akwai rami, ciki, ramukan yashi, tsagewa da sauran lahani akan saman hatimin. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a maye gurbin farantin valve ko wurin zama. Don wurin zama tare da matsi mai matsa lamba, ya kamata a duba elasticity na matsi don biyan bukatun. Idan elasticity ya raunana, ya kamata a sabunta bazarar matsa lamba. Bugu da ƙari, bincika ko haɗin T-dimbin yawa tsakanin farantin bawul da ƙwanƙwasa bawul ɗin ba ya da yawa, yana haifar da karkatar da farantin valve a cikin aiwatar da matsawa. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a cire farantin valve kuma a daidaita shi zuwa girman da ya dace. Buɗewar ciki na jikin bawul ɗin yana da sauƙi don shigar da binciken walda, filayen ƙarfe, ƙazanta da sauran jikin waje yayin aikin shigarwa. Irin wannan sundries ya kamata a tsaftace kafin shigarwa. Idan ka manta don tsaftacewa ko tsaftacewa ba sosai ba, zai haifar da farantin valve don rufe ƙasa da zurfin da ake tsammani da zubar da ruwa, a cikin wannan yanayin, cire jikin bawul don sake tsaftacewa. Ya kamata a shigar da wurin zama na bakin karfe tare da mafi kyawun kayan aiki, kuma a duba wurin don tabbatar da cewa an shigar da shi a wurin. Idan ba a dunƙule zaren zuwa zurfin da ake so ba, za a sami yabo a wurin zama. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a sake shigar da wurin zama tare da mafi kyawun kayan aiki.