Yanayin konewar baka na plasma na albarkatun ƙasa don sarrafa bawul ɗin ƙofar

Yanayin konewa na plasma na kayan daɗaɗɗa don sarrafa bawul ɗin ƙofar Ƙofar, ƙirƙira, ƙirƙira bawul ɗin ƙarfe kawai an ce ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙira bawul ɗin ƙofar bakin karfe, ƙarfe mai ƙirƙira yana nufin zaɓin hanyar ƙirƙira da samar da nau'ikan ƙirƙira da simintin gyare-gyare. sassan karfe. Ingantacciyar ingancin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe bawul bakin karfe simintin gyare-gyare yana da girma, yana iya jure tasirin tasirin tasirin, filastik, tauri da wasu abubuwan abubuwan abubuwan da ke cikin jiki sun fi simintin bakin karfe, don haka duk lokacin da ya kamata a yi amfani da wasu mahimman sassan injin a cikin ƙirƙira ƙarfe. , Ƙarfe na ƙirƙira gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don bututun matsa lamba. Tare da m inji, dace da high matsa lamba aiki halaye. Ƙirƙira ɗaya daga cikin sassa biyu na yin simintin gyare-gyare. Maɓalli masu mahimmanci tare da babban nauyi da yanayin aiki mai wuyar gaske a cikin kayan aikin injiniya yawanci simintin ƙarfe ne, waɗanda suke da sauƙi kuma suna iya zama welds masu sanyi, sai fakitin bayanan martaba na aluminum. Ana iya kawar da ramukan walda da simintin simintin gyare-gyare na ƙarfe ta hanyar ƙirƙira. Madaidaicin zaɓi na rajistan ƙirƙira don haɓaka ingancin samfur, sarrafa farashi yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa. Babban kayan ƙirƙira sune carbon karfe, bakin karfe farantin karfe da carbon karfe. Matsakaicin ƙirƙira yana nufin rabon jimillar ɓangaren giciye na kayan ƙarfe kafin nakasar zuwa yanki mai karyewa bayan nakasar. Asalin asalin albarkatun ƙasa ya haɗa da simintin gyare-gyare, sanduna zagaye, sifofin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da foda na ƙarfe. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na simintin ƙarfe gabaɗaya sun fi na albarkatun ƙasa iri ɗaya kyau. Ana yin ƙirƙira ta hanyar danna amfrayo na ƙarfe tare da kayan aikin ƙirƙira, ta yadda za a iya canza siffar ƙwanƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa don samun fasahar sarrafawa tare da ƙayyadaddun siffofi da kyawawan halaye na zahiri. Ƙirƙirar fasahar bawul ɗin tsarin ƙarfe na ƙarfe: ingancin jikin bawul da halaye kai tsaye suna shafar rayuwar sabis na aikin bawul ɗin ƙofar da yanayin aminci. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da jabun bawul ɗin bawul ɗin da aka ƙera a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin aiki mara kyau ko manyan buƙatun aminci na bawul ɗin ƙofar. Domin DN50 bawul tasha, bawul tasha, duba bawul, da dai sauransu, mafi yawan cikin gida amfani da gaba ɗaya ƙirƙira kafa bayan waldi a bangarorin biyu na flange tsari, akwai kuma masana'antun da alaka flange ƙirƙira tare. Amma don inci 2 sama da ƙaramin jikin bawul ɗin caliber, saboda ƙarancin ƙirƙira da ake buƙata ta babban kayan aikin ƙirƙira na jagora mai yawa, kuna son cimma masana'antu na manyan sassan ƙirƙira gabaɗaya akwai wata matsala. Don haka, masana'antun da yawa daga shigo da manyan simintin gyare-gyare na bawul, ko tare da wasu kamfanoni a wasu ƙasashe don haɓaka aikace-aikacen sassan jikin bawul ɗin jabun. Taichenson ya raba sabon aikace-aikacen fasaha na ƙwanƙwasa extrusion don bawul ɗin bawul ɗin ƙirƙira babba da matsakaici. Ta hanyar yin amfani da fa'idodin kare muhalli, ceton makamashi da ceton ma'aikata, bisa ga binciken gwaji kan fasahar samar da jikin bawul, an sami ma'aunin fasahar shearing extrusion don jikin bawul. Dukkanin tsari na shear - extrusion forming yakamata ya ɗauki nakasar juzu'i azaman babban tsari na sarrafa filastik karfe. Siffar kayan aikin injiniya na asali na fasahar ƙirƙirar shine cewa ana iya rage ƙarfin da ake amfani da shi. Bi da bi, yana da matuƙar rage yawan ton na inji da ake bukata domin dukan tsari na kafa. FIG. l yana nuna ainihin ka'idar almakashi-extrusion kafa na reshe da cokali mai yatsa sassa. Layin diagonal akan adadi yana nuna yankin nakasar juzu'i a cikin juzu'i - tsari na ƙirƙirar extrusion. Ba wai kawai yana samar da nakasar juzu'i mafi girma a kusa da layin da ba a sani ba. Sauran duka trichoderm suna samar da ƙananan nau'ikan bambance-bambance. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar allura. Ƙarfen ɗin da ke tsakiyar ɓangaren igiyoyi guda biyu na juzu'i yana gudana cikin rami mai ma'ana na kayan aikin niƙa irin wannan, kuma ana samar da cokali mai yatsa. Don jikin bawul ɗin da aka yanke tare da cokali biyu da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2. Shin don yanke extrusion forming cokali mai yatsu reshe na sama sa'an nan kuma kafa cokali mai yatsu reshe, 2 reshe kafa cokali mai yatsu kuma za a iya za'ayi a cikin wani bugun jini tsari na allura. Kafin jikin bawul don aiwatar da bincike na kimiyya na ƙirar ƙira-extrusion da gwajin tsarin aiki, zaɓi na farko na t / 3 ƙafa na sashin shrinkage don aiwatar da binciken kimiyyar simintin na zahiri, sami madaidaicin tsari na almakashi. -extrusion forming, don tsara manyan sigogi na samarwa da kuma aiki gwajin tsari. Ɗauki fasahar sarrafawa na DN100 yanke-kashe bawul a matsayin misali, bisa ga binciken kimiyya na gwajin aikin samarwa. A tsari index na DNlOOmm yanke-kashe bawul jiki da 20 karfe karfi extrusion abu da aka samu kamar haka: da dumama zafin jiki na gashi amfrayo samfurin ne 1200 ℃, da dumama zafin jiki na nika kayan aiki ne 100 ~ 300"C. High tsarki. An zaɓi wakilin ruwa mai graphite a matsayin mai ƙoshin mai, kuma buɗaɗɗen allura shine ~'108mm l. Kayayyakin jiki a cikin ƙirƙira irin su zuwa sakamakon gwajin simintin, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun simintin ƙarfe da simintin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe bayan ƙididdigewa da ƙididdigewa, na'urar buga 1O00t na iya biyan bukatun Qi. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira na ƙananan diamita yanke-kashe bawul jiki an gane a cikin manyan, kanana da matsakaici-sized kayan aiki, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa yankan da extrusion kafa tsari yana da halaye na kare muhalli, makamashi ceto da kuma aiki ceto. Iya samar da gaba ɗaya ƙirƙira na babban da matsakaici-sized yanke-kashe bawul a cikin kasar Sin na yanzu kayan aiki. Bugu da kari. Za a iya yin nazarin ƙirƙira da ƙirƙirar bututun tet da sauran manyan da matsakaita masu girman cokali mai yatsu ta hanyar fasahar yankewa da matsi. Ana iya raba ƙirƙira zuwa: (1) rufaffiyar ƙirƙira (ƙirƙira kyauta). Ana iya raba shi zuwa ƙirƙira kyauta, ƙirƙira rotary, extrusion sanyi, extrusion forming, da dai sauransu, ana saka tayin a cikin injin ƙirƙira tare da wani siffa don tilasta nakasar da samun simintin ƙarfe. Dangane da yanayin zafin nakasar, ana iya raba shi zuwa ƙirƙira sanyi (ƙirƙirar zafin jiki shine yanayin zafi na al'ada), ƙirar ƙirƙira mai dumi (ƙirƙirar zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa da zazzabi na recrystallization na ƙarfe na amfrayo) da ƙirƙira mai zafi (ƙirƙirar zafin jiki ya fi zafin recrystallization girma) . (2) buɗaɗɗen ƙirƙira (ƙirƙira kyauta). Akwai nau'i biyu na ƙirƙira na hannu da ƙirƙira na inji. Ana sanya tayin gawa tsakanin ɓangarorin maguza biyu (ƙarfe) kuma ana amfani da ƙarfin tasiri ko nauyi don haifar da nakasar gawa don samun simintin ƙarfe. Kwatanta jabun bawul ɗin ƙarfe da simintin gyare-gyare: Ana amfani da bawul ɗin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe don jefa ƙarfe a cikin sassan simintin. Nau'in simintin gyare-gyare. Karfe simintin ya kasu kashi uku: simintin carbon karfe, ƙirƙira babban gami da karfe na musamman. Yin simintin ƙarfe wani nau'in simintin ƙarfe ne wanda aka yi ta hanyar simintin. Ana amfani da simintin ƙarfe musamman don kera wasu sassa masu rikitarwa a bayyanar, da wuya a ƙirƙira ko niƙa kuma suna buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi da filastik. Rashin lahani na simintin ƙarfe shine idan aka kwatanta da ƙirƙira ƙarfe, rashin lahani na rami yashi ya fi girma, kuma injin ɗin yana kusa da kwance, kuma ƙarfin matsawa baya da kyau kamar ƙirƙira ƙarfe. Saboda haka, ƙirƙira bawul ɗin ƙarfe gabaɗaya ana amfani da su azaman jagorar rawar da ke cikin mahimman sassan bututun a ƙarƙashin matsanancin matsin lamba da ci gaba da yawan zafin jiki. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira, ƙirƙira, ƙirƙira tsarin haɓaka fasahar bawul ɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe: ya zama dole don amfani da shugaban faɗaɗa **, zuwa bawul ɗin ƙofar bayan shigarwa a cikin tashar aminci (haƙurin juzu'in buɗaɗɗen tashar aminci don kulawa mai ma'ana) azaman bayanin matsayi, ɓangarorin biyu na fadada a lokaci guda. Ƙirƙirar ƙarfe bawul ɗin jiki mai jujjuya ƙarfi fiye da babban matsi na ƙofar bawul mai jujjuya ƙarfi, bawul ɗin rami da tabbaci naɗe babban bawul ɗin ƙofar bawul, babu rata, ƙaramin tsari. Sabili da haka, nauyin axial dole ne a sarrafa shi sosai. Lokacin da aka danna bawul ɗin ƙofar babban matsin lamba zuwa jikin bawul ɗin, dole ne a canza ramin jikin bawul ɗin a cikin iyaka na roba, don tabbatar da cewa bayan ƙarfin faɗaɗawa ya ɓace, kogin jikin bawul ɗin baya elasticity, cika babban matsin ƙofar bawul ɗin baya elasticity, ta yadda za su manne da junansu, ta yadda za a iya iyakance nauyin axial mai girman gaske. Domin kauce wa wuce kima shigarwa na ƙasa danniya, ƙarfin ƙirƙira karfe bawul high matsa lamba ƙofar bawul wutsiya abu ba sauki zuwa high, mai kyau roba da kuma low ƙarfi, da kuma sarrafa shigarwa load. A lokaci guda, domin tabbatar da cewa babban matsa lamba ƙofar bawul matsa lamba rarraba bayan kasa rebound karfi, ya kamata a sami isasshen biya diyya, sabõda haka, high matsa lamba ƙofar bawul wutsiya sashe tsawon bai kasa da sau biyu ta kauri. Zaɓi "bayan latsa latsawa" fasahar sarrafa kayan aiki, na iya tabbatar da ingancin, ƙirƙira bawul ɗin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na ƙofofin bawul ɗin samarwa da sarrafawa yana dacewa, haɓaka haɓakar injin tattarawa. Hanyar konewa ta plasma arc na surfacing albarkatun ƙasa na fasahar sarrafa bawul ɗin ƙofar a cikin bakin ciyar da plasma surfacing, foda yana jure wa isasshen dumama, amma ba don rage ɓarkewar foda ba, ta yadda za a iya samun ƙarancin narkewa. Babban rashin lahani na ciyar da foda a baki shine narkakkar aluminum gami da mannewa bakin. Molten aluminum gami yana manne da bangon bakin ko mashiga da fita zuwa takamaiman adadin fadowa cikin tafkin bayani, yana haifar da narkewar narkewa, mafi tsanani yayin toshe ramin bakin. Don kauce wa halin da ake ciki a sama, tungsten sandal da rami na bututun ƙarfe ya kamata su sami babban coaxial don tabbatar da cewa an aika foda a ko'ina daga bututun ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, jimlar gas ɗin foda ya kamata ya dace, ba haifar da motsi na cyclone ba. (1) Yanayin konewa na Plasma (1) Haɗe-haɗe-bakin plasma: ana amfani da baka mai ƙaura don dumama foda foda: ƙaura ba zai iya kawai dumi foda foda, amma kuma narke saman kayan asali. Domin kai-fusible alloy foda surfacing, saboda da babban powdery narkewa batu, sakamakon wadanda ba ƙaura arcs ba a fili: a lokacin da surfacing lafiya foda tare da in mun gwada da high narkewa batu, sakamakon wadanda ba ƙaura arcs a bayyane yake. Weld ɗin saman na sirara da ƙananan sassa galibi yana ɗaukar haɗewar baka na plasma. (2) Arc na plasma da za a iya canzawa: Tun da ba za a iya canjawa wuri ba ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, a wurare da yawa kawai ana amfani da arc da za a iya canjawa wuri don aiwatar da hawan igiyar ruwa, wanda zai iya adana saitin wutar lantarki. (3) Haɗin plasma arc na jerin arc na lantarki: yana da fa'ida cewa ingantaccen ion arc da aka haifar tsakanin bututun ƙarfe da ƙananan ɓangaren ba sauƙi ba ne don faɗaɗa ƙarfin busa guguwa a kan narkakken tafkin, wanda zai iya iyakance iyakacin iyaka. zurfin narkewa. Ko da yake wannan dumama baka yana da ɗan warwatse, har yanzu yana iya kiyaye ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Ana amfani da baka na plasma tare da wannan hanyar don sarrafa kwararar ion arc mai kyau na yanzu. Idan halin yanzu ya karu, zubar da bututun ƙarfe ya fi tsanani, amma haɓakar yanayin zafi mai sanyaya ruwa, ana iya inganta wannan yanayin. Ba a cika amfani da hanyar arc na plasma a China ba. (2) Hanyar isar foda A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyoyin isar da foda iri biyu: isar da foda a cikin baki da kuma isar da foda a wajen baki. A cikin bututun ƙarfe ciyar plasma surfacing, foda yana hõre isasshen dumama, amma kuma don rage fantsama na foda, na iya samun in mun gwada da high narkewa kudi. Babban illar aika foda a baki shine narkakkar allumini mai mannewa bakin. Molten aluminum gami yana manne da bangon bakin ko mashiga da fita zuwa takamaiman adadin fadowa cikin tafkin bayani, yana haifar da narkewar narkewa, mafi tsanani yayin toshe ramin bakin. Don kauce wa halin da ake ciki a sama, tungsten sandal da rami na bututun ƙarfe ya kamata su sami babban coaxial don tabbatar da cewa an aika foda a ko'ina daga bututun ƙarfe. Bugu da ƙari, jimlar gas ɗin foda ya kamata ya dace, ba haifar da motsi na cyclone ba. A cikin bututun mai na plasma surfacing, da alloy foda ba a aika a cikin plasma baka a waje da bututun ƙarfe, wanda yadda ya kamata warware matsalar dripping da bututun ƙarfe toshewa. Zurfin narkewa a ƙarƙashin irin wannan ma'auni ya fi ƙanƙara fiye da foda ciyar da baki, wannan saboda lokacin da bakin ciyar da foda, foda cyclone a cikin bututun ƙarfe ya yi zafi sosai, kuma ya busa kai tsaye zuwa tafkin bayani, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin ƙarfin busawa. : kuma lokacin da bakin ciyar da foda, ƙarin ƙarfin busa da iskar gas ɗin foda ya haifar ya ragu. Babban rashin amfani na aika foda a waje da bakin shine babban matakin watsawa foda da ƙananan ƙarancin aluminum gami stacking rate. (3) Plasma surfacing tururi da gami foda yawanci amfani da tsantsa hydrogen aiki gas (kuma aka sani da tabbatacce ion gas, Arc stabilizing gas), foda gas da kuma kariya gas. Arc na plasma na hydrogen yana da ƙarancin halin yanzu, bargawar ƙonewa, ƙaramin tungsten lantarki da zubar da bututun ƙarfe. Wasu aikace-aikacen ƙasashen waje sune 70% hydrogen da 30% helium a matsayin iskar gas ko foda, wanda ke sa ƙarfin aiki na arc na plasma ya tashi, don haka yana da babban ƙarfi da ingantaccen samarwa. Nitrogen kuma yana aiki da kyau azaman iskar kariya, amma yana da wuya kuma yana da tsada. A ƙarƙashin tsarin tabbatar da isassun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar plasma arc don aika foda alloy, jimlar yawan iskar gas ɗin aiki da iskar gas ɗin foda yakamata a iyakance gwargwadon iko, don rage ƙarfin busa guguwa. Gas mai karewa yana buƙatar isassun magudanar ruwa don yin tasiri. Saboda gami foda na plasma baka surfacing yawanci kai fusible, babu wani m gas ba zai iya samun wani gagarumin tasiri a kan ingancin surfacing, amma bututun ƙarfe ne mai sauqi da za a zube daga cikin narkakkar pool karfe yashi datti. Mafi girman girman rabon gawa foda don surfacing, da sauƙi shi ne narke, amma kuma lafiya foda yana da wuya a isa foda. Foda mai kauri da yawa ba shi da sauƙin narkewa, amma kuma yana da sauƙin tashi daga wurin da ke saman, don asarar foda. Matsakaicin girman da ya dace shine 0.06 zuwa 0.112mm (120 zuwa 230 raga/ft). Don guje wa narkewar foda a cikin bututun ƙarfe wanda ke haifar da yanayin toshewa, a cikin Sin kuma ana amfani da foda mai kyau (40-120 raga / ft) surfacing.