Ka'idodin jiyya na Valve cryogenic da aikace-aikacen sa a cikin masana'antu (biyu) tsarin shirya samfurin bawul cikakken zane

Ƙa'idar kula da ƙwayar cuta ta Valve da aikace-aikacen sa a cikin masana'antu (biyu) hanyar shirya samfurin samfurin bawul dalla-dalla Tsarin jiyya na cryogenic har yanzu yana cikin farkon matakin bincike. Dangantakar da magana, an yi nazarin tsarin cryogenic na ƙarfe ferrous (ƙarfe da ƙarfe) a sarari, yayin da tsarin cryogenic na ƙarfe ba na ƙarfe da sauran kayan ba ya ragu sosai, kuma ba a fayyace ba, bincike na injinan da ke akwai yana dogara ne akan tushe. baƙin ƙarfe da kayan ƙarfe. Gyaran microstructure yana haifar da ƙarfafawa da ƙarfafa aikin aikin. Wannan galibi yana nufin rarrabuwar kauri na asali na martensite slats. Wasu malaman suna tunanin cewa martensite lattice akai ya canza. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa gyare-gyaren microstructure yana faruwa ne ta hanyar bazuwar martensite da hazo mai kyau na carbides. Haɗin sama: ƙa'idar maganin ƙwayar cuta ta Valve da aikace-aikacen masana'anta (1) 2. Tsarin jiyya na Cryogenic Tsarin maganin cryogenic har yanzu yana cikin farkon matakin bincike. Dangantakar da magana, an yi nazarin tsarin cryogenic na ƙarfe ferrous (ƙarfe da ƙarfe) a sarari, yayin da tsarin cryogenic na ƙarfe ba na ƙarfe da sauran kayan ba ya ragu sosai, kuma ba a fayyace ba, bincike na injinan da ke akwai yana dogara ne akan tushe. baƙin ƙarfe da kayan ƙarfe. 2.1 Cryogenic inji na ferrous gami (karfe) A kan inji na cryogenic jiyya na baƙin ƙarfe da karfe kayan, cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje bincike da aka in mun gwada da ci gaba da zurfi, kuma kowa da kowa ya m cimma yarjejeniya, babban ra'ayi ne kamar haka. 2.1.1 Hazo na superfine carbides daga martensite, wanda ya haifar da haɓakawar tarwatsawa, an tabbatar da kusan dukkanin binciken. Babban dalilin shi ne cewa martensite ne cryogenic a -196 ℃ da kuma saboda girma shrinkage, da lattice na Fe The akai-akai yana da hali don ragewa, don haka ƙarfafa tuki da karfi na carbon zarra hazo. Duk da haka, saboda yaduwar ya fi wahala kuma nisan yaduwa ya fi guntu a ƙananan zafin jiki, yawancin adadin ultrafine carbides da aka tarwatsa suna haɓaka akan matrix na martensite. 2.1.2 Canjin saura austenite A ƙananan zafin jiki (a ƙasa Mf batu), ragowar austenite bazuwa kuma ya canza zuwa martensite, wanda ke inganta ƙarfin aiki da ƙarfin aiki. Wasu malaman sunyi imanin cewa sanyaya cryogenic na iya kawar da ragowar austenite gaba daya. Wasu malaman sun gano cewa sanyaya cryogenic zai iya rage adadin austenite saura kawai, amma ba zai iya kawar da shi gaba daya ba. Haka kuma an yi imani da cewa cryogenic sanyaya canza siffar, rarraba da kuma substructure na saura austenite, wanda yake da amfani don inganta ƙarfi da taurin karfe. 2.1.3 gyare-gyaren Ƙungiya Ƙarƙashin gyare-gyare yana haifar da ƙarfafawa da ƙarfafa kayan aiki. Wannan galibi yana nufin rarrabuwar kauri na asali na martensite slats. Wasu malaman suna tunanin cewa martensite lattice akai ya canza. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa gyare-gyaren microstructure yana faruwa ne ta hanyar bazuwar martensite da hazo mai kyau na carbides. 2.1.4 Ragowar damuwa na matsawa akan saman Tsarin sanyaya na iya haifar da kwararar filastik a cikin lahani (micropores, maida hankali na ciki). A lokacin aikin sake zafi, an haifar da damuwa na saura a saman ɓatacce, wanda zai iya rage lalacewar lalacewa zuwa ƙarfin gida na kayan. Ƙarshen aikin shine haɓaka juriya na abrasive. 2.1.5 Maganin Cryogenic wani ɓangare yana canza ƙarfin motsa jiki na atom ɗin ƙarfe Akwai duka rundunonin ɗaure waɗanda ke kiyaye atom ɗin kusa da juna da kuzarin motsa jiki waɗanda ke raba su. Maganin cryogenic yana jujjuya wani bangare na kuzarin motsa jiki tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, don haka yana sa atom ɗin su haɗu sosai da haɓaka abubuwan jima'i na ƙarfe. 2.2 Cryogenic magani inji na wadanda ba na ƙarfe alloys 2.2.1 Action inji na cryogenic jiyya a kan cemented carbide An bayar da rahoton cewa cryogenic magani iya inganta taurin, flexural ƙarfi, tasiri tauri da Magnetic coercivity na cemented carbide. Amma yana sa ikonsa ya ragu. Bisa ga bincike, da inji na cryogenic magani ne kamar haka: m A - Co aka canza zuwa ξ - Co ta hanyar cryogenic magani, da kuma wasu saura matsawa danniya ne generated a cikin surface Layer 2.2.2 Action inji na cryogenic magani a kan. jan karfe da jan karfe na tushen gami Li Zhicao et al. yayi nazarin tasirin maganin cryogenic akan microstructure da kaddarorin tagulla H62. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa maganin cryogenic zai iya ƙara yawan abun ciki na β-phase a cikin microstructure, wanda ya sa microstructure ya kasance da kwanciyar hankali, kuma zai iya inganta haɓaka da ƙarfi na H62 tagulla. Hakanan yana da fa'ida don rage lalacewa, daidaita girman da haɓaka aikin yankewa. Bugu da kari, Cong Jilin da Wang Xiumin et al. na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Dalian ya yi nazarin maganin cryogenic na kayan tushen Cu, galibi CuCr50 vacuum switch kayan tuntuɓar, kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa maganin cryogenic zai iya sa microstructure ɗin ya zama mai ladabi sosai, kuma akwai yanayin dialysis na juna a mahadar allunan biyu. , da kuma adadi mai yawa na ɓangarorin da aka haɗe a saman alloys biyu. Ya yi kama da sabon abu na carbide precipitated a kan hatsi iyaka da matrix surface na high-gudun karfe bayan cryogenic magani. Bugu da ƙari, bayan jiyya na cryogenic, an inganta juriya ga lalatawar lantarki na kayan hulɗar injin. Sakamakon bincike na cryogenic magani na jan karfe electrode a kasashen waje ya nuna cewa wutar lantarki da aka inganta, da filastik nakasawa karshen walda, da kuma sabis ya karu kusan sau 9. Duk da haka, babu wata bayyananniyar ka'idar game da inji na jan karfe gami, wanda za a iya dangana ga canji na jan karfe gami a low zazzabi, wanda shi ne kama da canji na saura austenite zuwa martensite a karfe, da kuma hatsi tacewa. Amma har yanzu ba a yanke shawarar cikakken tsarin ba. 2.2.3 Tasiri da kuma tsarin maganin cryogenic akan kaddarorin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na nickel Akwai 'yan rahotanni game da maganin cryogenic na abubuwan da ke tattare da nickel. An ba da rahoton cewa maganin cryogenic zai iya inganta filastik na kayan haɗin da aka yi da nickel kuma ya rage hankalin su ga sauyawar damuwa. Bayanin mawallafa na wallafe-wallafen shine cewa annashuwa da damuwa na kayan aiki ne ta hanyar maganin cryogenic, kuma microcracks suna tasowa a gaba. 2.2.4 Tasiri da kuma inji na cryogenic magani a kan kaddarorin amorphous alloys Game da sakamakon da cryogenic magani a kan kaddarorin amorphous alloys, Co57Ni10Fe5B17 an yi nazari a cikin wallafe-wallafen, kuma an gano cewa cryogenic magani iya inganta lalacewa juriya da kuma lalacewa. kayan aikin injiniya na kayan amorphous. Mawallafa sun yi imanin cewa maganin cryogenic yana inganta ƙaddamar da abubuwan da ba su da maganadisu a saman, wanda ya haifar da tsarin tsari mai kama da tsarin shakatawa a lokacin crystallization. 2.2.5 Tasiri da kuma inji na cryogenic magani a kan aluminum da aluminum-tushen gami Aluminum da aluminum gami cryogenic aiki bincike ne mai zafi a cikin bincike na gida cryogenic magani a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Li Huan da chuan-hai jiang et al. Binciken ya gano cewa maganin cryogenic zai iya kawar da ragowar danniya na aluminum silicon carbide composite abu da kuma inganta yanayin elasticity, zaman lafiya Shang Guang fang-wei jin da sauransu sun gano cewa maganin cryogenic don inganta girman kwanciyar hankali na aluminum gami, rage lalacewar machining. , inganta ƙarfin da ƙarfin kayan aiki, Duk da haka, ba su gudanar da bincike na yau da kullum game da tsarin da ke da alaƙa ba, amma gabaɗaya sun yi imanin cewa damuwa da zafin jiki ya haifar ya kara yawan raguwa kuma ya haifar da shi. Chen Ding et al. daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kudu ta Tsakiya ta yi nazari akai-akai game da tasirin maganin cryogenic akan kaddarorin da aka saba amfani da su na aluminium. Sun sami abin da ya faru na jujjuyawar hatsi na alluran aluminium da ke haifar da maganin cryogenic a cikin binciken su, kuma sun ba da shawarar jerin sabbin hanyoyin ƙarfafa cryogenic don allo na aluminum. Bisa ga ma'auni GB/T1047-2005, ƙananan diamita na bawul alama ce kawai, wanda ke wakiltar alamar "DN" da lamba. Girman ƙima ba zai iya zama ƙimar diamita na bawul ba, kuma ainihin ƙimar diamita na bawul ɗin yana ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi masu dacewa. Ƙimar ma'auni na gaba ɗaya (raka'a mm) ba zai zama ƙasa da 95% na ƙimar girman ƙima ba. An raba girman ƙididdiga zuwa tsarin awo (alama: DN) da tsarin Biritaniya (alama: NPS). Ma'aunin bawul na ƙasa shine tsarin awo, kuma ma'aunin bawul ɗin Amurka tsarin Biritaniya ne. Karkashin tura masana'antu, birane, ** da kuma duniya baki daya, fatan masana'antar kera kayan aikin bawul na kasar Sin yana da fadi, masana'antar bawul na gaba **, cikin gida, zamani, zai zama babban alkiblar ci gaban masana'antar bawul na gaba. Neman ci gaba da ƙirƙira, ƙirƙirar sabuwar kasuwa don masana'antar bawul, don ba da damar masana'antu su shiga cikin gasa mai zafi a cikin masana'antar bawul ɗin famfo don rayuwa da haɓakawa. A cikin samar da bawul da bincike da haɓaka tallafin fasaha, bawul ɗin gida ba baya baya ba fiye da bawul ɗin waje, akasin haka, samfuran da yawa a cikin fasaha da haɓakawa na iya zama kwatankwacin kamfanoni na ƙasa da ƙasa, haɓaka masana'antar bawul ɗin cikin gida yana ci gaba a gaba. shugabanci na zamani. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar bawul, aikace-aikacen filin bawul yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa, kuma ma'aunin bawul ɗin da ya dace shima yana da mahimmanci. Kayayyakin masana'antar Valve sun shiga lokacin ƙididdigewa, ba kawai nau'ikan samfuri ba ne ake buƙatar sabunta su, gudanarwar cikin gida na kasuwanci kuma yana buƙatar zurfafawa gwargwadon matsayin masana'antu. Mara iyaka diamita da maras muhimmanci matsa lamba na bawul GB/T1047-2005 misali, maras muhimmanci diamita na bawul ne kawai alama, wakilta da hade da alama "DN" da lamba, maras muhimmanci size ba zai iya zama ** da auna bawul diamita darajar, ainihin ƙimar diamita na bawul ɗin yana ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi masu dacewa, ƙimar ƙimar gabaɗaya (naúrar mm) ba zata zama ƙasa da 95% na ƙimar girman ƙima ba. An raba girman ƙididdiga zuwa tsarin awo (alama: DN) da tsarin Biritaniya (alama: NPS). Ma'aunin bawul na ƙasa shine tsarin awo, kuma ma'aunin bawul ɗin Amurka tsarin Biritaniya ne. Darajar metric DN ita ce kamar haka: DN10 (diamita mara kyau 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN250, DN200 DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400,DN1600,DN1800,DN1800,DN1800,DN1200 , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 A cewar GB/ T1048-2005 misali, da maras muhimmanci matsa lamba na bawul ne kuma nuni, wakilta a hade da alamar "PN" da lamba. Ba za a iya amfani da matsa lamba na lamba (naúrar: Mpa Mpa) don dalilai na lissafi ba, ba ** ainihin ƙimar bawul ɗin bawul, manufar kafa matsa lamba na ƙididdigewa shine sauƙaƙe ƙayyadaddun adadin matsi na bawul, a cikin zaɓin. , Ƙungiyoyin ƙira, sassan masana'antu da sassan amfani suna daidai da tanadin bayanan da ke kusa da ka'idar, kafa girman girman ƙima shine manufa ɗaya. An rarraba matsa lamba mai mahimmanci zuwa tsarin Turai (PN) da tsarin Amurka (> PN0.1 (matsa lamba na 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420> Bawul model shiri gabatarwa A Valve model ya kamata yawanci nuna bawul irin, drive yanayin, dangane form, tsarin halaye, sealing surface abu, bawul jiki abu da maras muhimmanci matsa lamba da sauran abubuwa. Daidaitawar samfurin bawul ɗin ya dace da ƙira, zaɓi da siyar da bawuloli a zamanin yau, akwai ƙarin nau'ikan nau'ikan bawul ɗin, kuma tsarin ƙirar ƙirar yana ƙara haɓaka daidaitattun kafuwar samfurin bawul, amma ƙari da ƙari ba zai iya biyan buƙatun ci gaban masana'antar bawul Inda ba za a iya amfani da daidaitaccen adadin sabon bawul ba, kowane masana'anta za a iya shirya bisa ga nasu bukatun ya dace da bawuloli na ƙofa, bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa, bawul ɗin ball, bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido, bawul ɗin diaphragm, bawul ɗin plunger, bawul ɗin PLUG, bawul ɗin duba, bawul ɗin aminci, matsa lamba rage bawul, tarkuna da sauransu don bututun masana'antu. Ya haɗa da samfurin bawul da ƙirar bawul. Ƙayyadaddun hanyar shiri na ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙirar Valve Mai zuwa shine tsarin jeri na kowane lamba a daidaitaccen hanyar rubuta bawul ɗin ƙirar ƙirar bawul: Tsarin jerin shirye-shiryen ƙirar Valve Fahimtar zanen hagu shine mataki na farko don fahimtar nau'ikan bawul iri-iri. Ga misali don ba ku fahimta gabaɗaya: Nau'in Valve: "Z961Y-100> "Z" raka'a 1 ce; "9" raka'a 2 ce; "6" raka'a 3 ne; "1" raka'a 4 ne; "Y" shine na raka'a 5; "100" shine raka'a 6; "I" shine na Raka'a 7 Samfuran bawul ɗin sune: bawul ɗin ƙofar, motar lantarki, haɗin welded, nau'in ƙofa guda ɗaya, hatimin carbide, matsa lamba 10Mpa, chrome-molybdenum karfe kayan jiki. Raka'a 1: Nau'in nau'in bawul Don bawuloli tare da wasu ayyuka ko tare da wasu na'urori na musamman, ƙara kalmar Sinanci kafin lambar nau'in bawul Don haruffa haruffa, bisa ga tebur mai zuwa: Raka'a biyu: yanayin watsawa Unit 3: Nau'in haɗin kai Raka'a huɗu: Nau'in Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Bawul ɗin Ƙofar Ƙofar Ƙofar Ƙofar Ƙofar Ƙofar Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Lambobi don globe, maƙura da bawul ɗin plunger