ʻO nā lako seramika kiʻekiʻe no nā noi lawelawe koi

Hoʻohana mākou i nā kuki e hoʻonui i kou ʻike. Ma ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i kēia pūnaewele, ʻae ʻoe i kā mākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā kuki. ʻIke hou aku. ʻAʻohe wehewehe kūhelu o ka lawelawe koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia e like me nā kūlana hana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hoʻololi o ka valve a i ʻole e hoʻemi ʻia ka mana hana. Pono ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana hana i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka loaʻa kālā o nā ʻāpana āpau e pili ana i nā kūlana lawelawe maikaʻi ʻole. Loaʻa kēia mau mea mai ka aila a me ke kinoea a me ka petrochemical a hiki i ka mana nuklea a me ka hana mana, ka hoʻoili mineral a me ka mining. Ke ho'āʻo nei nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā ʻenekini e hoʻokō i kēia pahuhopu ma nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ke ala kūpono loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka uptime a me ka hoʻokō ʻana ma o ka hoʻomalu pono ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana (e like me ka pani ʻana a me ka hoʻokele hoʻokele maikaʻi). He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana, no ka mea, ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi kaiapuni hana palekana. Eia kekahi, ke hana nei ka ʻoihana e hōʻemi i ka waihona o nā mea hana, me nā pumps a me nā valves, a me ka hoʻokuʻu pono ʻana. I ka manawa like, manaʻo nā mea nona ka hale i ka hoʻololi nui ʻana i kā lākou waiwai. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā paipu a me nā mea hana (akā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā anawaena) a me nā mea hana liʻiliʻi no ke kahawai huahana like. Hōʻike kēia ma waho aʻe o ka ʻoi aku o ka nui no kahi anawaena paipu ʻoi aku ka nui, pono hoʻi kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokahi e kū i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kaiapuni paʻakikī e hōʻemi i ka pono o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana. Pono e paʻa nā ʻāpana me nā valve a me nā pōpō valve e kūpono i ka noi i makemake ʻia, akā hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi ola lawelawe lōʻihi. Eia naʻe, ʻo kahi pilikia nui me ka hapa nui o nā noi, ʻo nā ʻāpana metala i hiki i ka palena o kā lākou hana. Hōʻike kēia i hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā ke ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā mea metala ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea seramika, no ke koi ʻana i nā noi lawelawe. ʻO nā ʻāpana maʻamau i koi ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma lalo o nā kūlana lawelawe koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka haʻalulu wela, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ke kūpaʻa luhi, ka paʻakikī, ka ikaika, a me ka paʻakikī. ʻO ke kūpaʻa he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, no ka mea, hiki i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ke hiki ke hāʻule i ka pōʻino. ʻO ka paʻakikī o nā mea seramika i wehewehe ʻia e like me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke ana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano indentation, ka hopena i nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe artificially. Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau incision ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi ke hāʻawi i nā ana kūpono. Pili ka ikaika i ka ʻoʻoleʻa, akā e pili ana i ka helu hoʻokahi kahi e hāʻule pōʻino ai kahi mea ke hoʻopili ʻia ke koʻikoʻi. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "modulus of rupture" a ua ana ʻia ma ka hana ʻana i kahi ana ikaika piʻo ʻekolu a i ʻole ʻehā ma luna o ke koʻokoʻo hoʻāʻo. Hāʻawi ka hōʻike ʻekolu-helu i kahi waiwai i ʻoi aku ka 1% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻehā. ʻOiai hiki ke ana ʻia ka paʻakikī me nā ʻano unahi like ʻole me Rockwell a me Vickers, ʻo ka Vickers microhardness scale he kūpono loa ia no nā mea seramika holomua. ʻO ka paʻakikī e pili pono ana i ke kū'ēʻana o ka mea. I loko o kahi valve e hana ana ma ke ʻano cyclic, he pilikia nui ka luhi ma muli o ka wehe mau ʻana a me ka pani ʻana o ka valve. ʻO ka luhi ka paepae ikaika, ma waho aʻe o ka mea e hāʻule pinepine ai ka mea ma lalo o kona ikaika kulou maʻamau. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion e pili ana i ke kaiapuni hana a me ke ʻano o ka mea. Ma kēia kahua, he nui nā mea hana seramika holomua ma mua o nā metala, koe wale no ka "hydrothermal degradation", e kū ana i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai kekahi mau mea zirconia i ka mahu wela wela. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāpana geometry, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, ka conductivity thermal, ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika e ka haʻalulu wela. He wahi kūpono kēia i ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, no laila hiki ke hana pono nā ʻāpana metala. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ka holomua i nā mea seramika i kēia manawa i nā pae kūpono o ka pale ʻana i ka haʻalulu wela. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ceramics kiʻekiʻe no nā makahiki he nui a kaulana i waena o nā ʻenekini hilinaʻi, nā mea hana mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻolālā valve e koi ana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka waiwai. E like me nā koi noi kikoʻī, aia nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻokoʻa i kūpono no kahi ākea o nā ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻehā mau seramika kiʻekiʻe he mea koʻikoʻi nui i ke kahua o nā valve lawelawe koʻikoʻi. Loaʻa iā lākou ka silika carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina a me ka zirconia. Ua kohoʻia nā mea o ka valve a me ka valve ball e like me nā koi noi kiko'ī. ʻElua mau ʻano nui o ka zirconia i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā valve, ʻo ia mau mea ʻelua ka like o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wela a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa e like me ke kila. ʻO ka Magnesium oxide i hoʻopaʻa ʻia hapa zirconia (Mg-PSZ) i ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela a me ka paʻakikī, ʻoiai ʻo yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka ikaika, akā hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hydrothermal degradation. ʻO ka nitride silikoni (Si3N4) he mau ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO ke kinoea sintered silicon nitride (GPPSN) ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kiwi a me nā ʻāpana valve. Ma waho aʻe o kona awelika paʻakikī, hāʻawi pū ia i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu maikaʻi a me ka paʻa wela. Eia hou, i loko o ka wela wela, Si3N4 kahi kūpono kūpono no ka zirconia, hiki ke pale i ka hydrothermal degradation. Ke paʻa ka waihona kālā, hiki i ka mea kikoʻī ke koho i ka silicon carbide a i ʻole alumina. He paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe nā mea ʻelua, akā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka zirconia a i ʻole ka nitride silika. Hōʻike kēia i ka mea kūpono loa no nā noi ʻāpana static, e like me nā linings valve a me nā noho valve, ma mua o nā pōpō valve a i ʻole nā ​​​​disa e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea metala i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi valve lawelawe koʻikoʻi (me ka ferrochrome (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy a me Stellite), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea seramika holomua a me ka ikaika like. ʻO nā noi lawelawe koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā valve rotary, e like me nā valve butterfly, trunnions, floating ball valves, a me nā puna wai. Ma ia mau noi, hōʻike ʻo Si3N4 a me ka zirconia i ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela, ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika e hoʻololi i nā kaiapuni koi loa. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī a me ka corrosion o ka mea, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke ola lawelawe o nā ʻāpana i nā manawa he nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāpana metala. ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hana o ka valve i kona ola ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi e mālama ai i kona hiki pani a me ka mana. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma kahi noi kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai ka pōlele kynar/RTFE valve 65 mm (2.6 in) a me ka liner i ka 98% sulfuric acid a me ka ilmenite, e hoʻololi ʻia ana i ka pigment titanium oxide. ʻO ke ʻano corrosive o ka media ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke ola o kēia mau mea hiki ke lōʻihi i ʻeono pule. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoki kīpē pōleʻa i hana ʻia e Nilcra™ (Figure 1), ʻo ia kahi proprietary magnesium oxide partally stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ), maikaʻi loa ka paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a hiki ke hāʻawi i ʻekolu makahiki o ka lawelawe pau ʻole me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻaʻahu a haehae. I loko o nā ʻūhā laina, me nā ʻāpana kihi, nā kīwaha throttle a i ʻole nā ​​kīwaha honua, ma muli o nā ʻano "seal paʻakikī" o kēia mau huahana, kūpono ka zirconia a me ka nitride silicon no nā plug valve a me nā noho valve. Pēlā nō, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka alumina no kekahi mau gaskets a me nā hīnaʻi. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pōpō wili ma ka noho valve, hiki ke loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke sila. No ka uhi ʻana o ka valve, e komo pū me ka valve core, inlet a me waho a i ʻole ka lining kino valve, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o nā mea seramika ʻehā e like me nā koi noi. ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia he mea maikaʻi ma ke ʻano o ka hana huahana a me ke ola lawelawe. E lawe i ka valve butterfly DN150 i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka hale hoʻoheheʻe bauxite Australia ma ke ʻano he laʻana. Hāʻawi ka ʻike silica kiʻekiʻe i ka waena i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaʻahu ma luna o ka pale valve. Ua hana ʻia nā gaskets a me nā diski i hoʻohana mua ʻia me ka 28% CrFe alloy a ʻewalu a ʻumi mau pule wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, me nā valves i hana ʻia me Nilcra™ zirconia (Figure 2), ua hoʻonui ʻia ke ola lawelawe i 70 mau pule. Ma muli o kona paʻakikī a me ka ikaika, hana maikaʻi nā seramika i ka hapa nui o nā noi valve. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ko lākou paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ola lawelawe o ka valve. ʻO kēia ka mea e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ke ola holoʻokoʻa ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka manawa haʻahaʻa no nā ʻāpana pani, e hōʻemi ana i ke kapikala hana a me ka waihona waiwai, ka liʻiliʻi o ka lima lima, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka leakage. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea seramika i nā kīwaha kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia nui, no ka mea, pili kēia mau valve i nā ukana axial a torsional kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea pāʻani nui ma kēia kahua i nā hoʻolālā pōpō valve e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke ola o ka hoʻokele torque. ʻO ka palena nui ʻē aʻe he scale. ʻO ka nui o ka noho valve nui loa a me ka pōleʻa valve nui loa (Figure 3) i hana ʻia mai ka zirconia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka magnesium oxide ʻo DN500 a me DN250. Eia naʻe, makemake ka hapa nui o nā mea kikoʻī i nā seramika no nā ʻāpana ma lalo o kēia mau nui. ʻOiai ua hōʻoia ʻia nā mea seramika he koho kūpono, pono e hahai ʻia kekahi mau alakaʻi maʻalahi e hoʻonui i kā lākou hana. Pono e hoʻohana mua ʻia nā mea seramika inā pono e mālama ʻia nā kumukūʻai i ka liʻiliʻi loa. Pono e pale ʻia nā kihi ʻoi a me ka noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi ma loko a ma waho. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela i ka wā o ka hoʻolālā. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoop, pono e mālama ʻia ka keramika ma waho, ʻaʻole ma loko. ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka pono o ka geometric tolerances a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili, no ka mea e hoʻonui nui kēia i nā kumukūʻai pono ʻole. Ma ka hahai ʻana i kēia mau alakaʻi a me nā hana maikaʻi loa no ke koho ʻana i nā mea waiwai a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hoʻolako mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka papahana, hiki ke loaʻa kahi hopena kūpono no kēlā me kēia noi lawelawe koʻikoʻi. Loaʻa kēia ʻike mai nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia e Morgan Advanced Materials a ua loiloi ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO Morgan Mea Kiʻekiʻe Loaʻa-Keramics ʻenehana. (2019, Nowemapa 28). ʻO nā lako seramika kiʻekiʻe no nā noi lawelawe koi. AZoM. Ua kiʻi ʻia mai https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305 ma Iulai 7, 2021. Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Nā mea seramika kiʻekiʻe no ke koi ʻana i nā noi lawelawe". AZoM. Iulai 7, 2021. . ʻO Morgan Mea Kiʻekiʻe Loaʻa-Keramics ʻenehana. "Nā mea seramika kiʻekiʻe no ke koi ʻana i nā noi lawelawe". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305. (Loaʻa iā Iulai 7, 2021). ʻO Morgan Mea Kiʻekiʻe Loaʻa-Keramics ʻenehana. 2019. ʻO nā mea seramika kiʻekiʻe no ke koi ʻana i nā noi lawelawe. AZoM, nānā ʻia i Iulai 7, 2021, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305. Ua kūkākūkā ʻo AZoM a me Camfil ka luna hoʻomalu o UK ʻo David Moulton i nā ʻōnaehana kānana ea o ka hui a pehea e hiki ai iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻolako ʻana i kahi wahi hana palekana no ka poʻe o ka ʻoihana kūkulu. Ma kēia nīnauele, ua kamaʻilio ʻo AZoM a me ELTRA product manager ʻo Kauka Alan Klostermeier e pili ana i ka wikiwiki a hilinaʻi o ka loiloi O / N / H o nā mea kaupaona kiʻekiʻe. Ma kēia nīnauele, ua kūkākūkā ʻo AZoM lāua ʻo Chuck Cimino, Luna Hoʻokele Nui ma Lake Shore Cryotronics, i nā pono o kā lākou M81 sync source ana ʻōnaehana. He ʻenehana ʻo Zeus Bioweb™ e hoʻopili i ka PTFE i nā fiber polymer me nā anawaena liʻiliʻi loa mai ka nanometers a i nā micrometers. Hāʻawi ka polokalamu loiloi wela STARe o METTLER TOLEDO i ka hiki ke maʻalahi a me ka loiloi palena ʻole.