ʻO ka corrosion kekahi o nā kumu nui e hōʻino ai i ka pipeline, ka paipu, ka valve a me nā koho polokalamu ʻē aʻe i hoʻopili ʻia

ʻO ka corrosion kekahi o nā kumu nui e hoʻopōʻino ai i ka valve pipeline, pipe, valve a me nā koho polokalamu pūnaewele i hoʻopili ʻia ʻO Corrosion ka pōʻino a me ka hoʻololi maikaʻi o nā mea maka ma lalo o ka hopena o nā kūlana like ʻole. ʻO ka corrosion o nā metala ke kumu nui ʻia e ka corrosion kemika organik a me ka corrosion kemika, ʻoiai ke kumu o ka corrosion o nā mea non-metallic ma muli o nā hopena kemika a me ke kino kino. ʻO ka corrosion kekahi o nā kumu nui e hōʻino ai i ka valve, no laila, i nā noi valve, ʻo ka mālama corrosion ka mea e noʻonoʻo mua ai. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻelua ʻano ʻano o ka corrosion valve Metal valve corrosion, ʻo ia ka symmetrical corrosion a me partial corrosion. Hiki ke loiloi ʻia ka nui o ka corrosion symmetrical e ka mean makahiki corrosion rate. Metal maka mea, kiʻekiʻe maʻemaʻe graphite, laminated aniani, porcelain a me ka paʻa, e like me ka nui o ka corrosion rate hiki ke maheleia i 4 papa: corrosion rate emi ma mua o 0.05mm/a no kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe; ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion rate ma waena o 0.05 a me 0.5mm/a. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka corrosion rate ma 0.5 ~ 1.5mm/a; ʻAʻole kūpono ka nui o ka corrosion ma mua o 1.5 mm/a no ka ʻili o ka valve, noho valve, pulse dampers, ka puna liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano valve āpau e hoʻohana maʻamau i ka pae o nā mea maka, e like me ka pā aila, hoʻokahi pahu no ke kula kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kula kiʻekiʻe. nā mea maka, e like me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ka mea ʻawaʻawa, hiki ke puhi ʻia, hiki ke ahi, radioactive mea valve, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea corrosive liʻiliʻi. 1, ʻānai like ʻole Hiki ke ʻino like ʻole ma nā ʻili a pau o kahi metala. E like me kuhiliʻole kila pā, aluminika, titanium a pela aku i loko o ka ea oxidation maoli kaiapuni i hana i ka papa o ka pale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, film metala corrosion symmetry. Aia kekahi kūlana kahi e ʻino ai ka ʻili metala, a ʻoi aku ka pilikia o kēia ʻano ʻino. 2,'āpana corrosion Loaʻa ka corrosion kūloko i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka metala, ʻo kona ʻano he porous corrosion, ʻawaʻawa ʻawaʻawa, intergranular corrosion, delamination corrosion, loko stress corrosion, fatigue corrosion, selective corrosion, pōʻino corrosion, cavitation corrosion, vibration corrosion, hydrogen corrosion , etc.. Gap corrosion maʻamau ma luna o ka metala o passivated kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i pale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, no ka mea, he mau hemahema ma ka metala ili, aqueous solution hiki ke luku i ka hana maikai ion o passivated film, no laila, i ka passivated kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hapa luku, i loko o ka. i loko o ka metala, i loko o ka corrosion lua, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano corrosion o ka luku metala a me nā pilikia palekana. Loaʻa ka ʻino a Gap i ka ʻāina kūlohelohe e like me ka welding, riveting, gasket a i ʻole ka ua. He ʻano kū hoʻokahi ʻo ia o ka lua ʻana. ʻO ke ala e pale aku ai i kēia, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i ke āpau. ʻO ka corrosion intergranular ʻo ia ka ʻino o ka pūnaewele dislocation i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke ʻano metala hohonu ma ka ʻili. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka corrosion intergranular ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana mālama wela kūpono ʻole a me ke kiʻi anu, ʻokoʻa ke koena i waiho ʻia e ka dislocation. ʻO nā hui kuʻi ʻana o ke kila kila martensitic he mea maʻalahi loa ia e hoʻoulu ai i ka chromium poor zone a loaʻa i ka corrosion. ʻO ka ʻinoʻino waena he ʻano maʻamau a paʻakikī hoʻi o ka corrosion ma nā kila hao haʻahaʻa. No ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion intercrystalline i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, aia nā: e hoʻokō i ka mālama wela a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela "hoʻonā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻomehana ʻana i 1100 ℃ i luna a me lalo o ka wai quenching, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila haʻahaʻa me ka titanium a me ka niobium, a ka maʻiʻo kalapona o 0.03% ma lalo, e ho'ēmi i ke kumu o ka carburized chromium i loko o ka lamellar hale Ka corrosion mua ulu vertically i loko, a laila corrodes nā mea kemika ma lalo o ka hoʻonui ikaika o ka corrosion ʻO ka lamellar ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ai ke koʻikoʻi a me ka tensile i ka manawa like. hoʻolālā, pale i ke kaumaha, koho i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ola kino, ka uhi ʻana i ka pena hale kūʻē i ka corrosion. Loaʻa ka luhi ʻino ma nā kūlana ʻokoʻa o ke koʻikoʻi kūloko o ka ʻino like ʻole, ka mea e haki ai ka metala. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke kaʻina hana wela e hoʻoneʻe a hōʻemi paha i ke koʻikoʻi o loko, ka mālama ʻana i ka peening a me ka phosphating treatment, chromium, nickel, akā e hoʻolohe i ka uhi ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ke koʻikoʻi tensile a me ka hydrogen diffusion phenomenon. Loaʻa ka corrosion koho i nā mea maka me nā mea ʻokoʻa a me ke koena. I loko o kekahi ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻānai ʻia kekahi mau mea a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a ʻo nā mea i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia he pū meli. Loaʻa ka dezincification keleawe, ka hoʻoheheʻe keleawe keleawe, ka graphitization hao puaʻa a pēlā aku. ʻO ka ʻinoʻino he ʻano ʻino i hana ʻia e ka wai ʻino i ka metala a me ka hopena pani. He ʻino maʻamau ia o nā kiwikā. Loaʻa kēia ʻano ʻino i ka protrusion. Nā ala e pale aku ai: e hoʻohana i ka corrosion-resistant a me ka ʻaʻahu-resistant raw material, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa, koho i ka pale cathodic pipeline, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ka ʻōpū i hana ʻia i loko o ka wai, i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nalu haʻalulu, hiki i ke kaomi hana ke piʻi i ka 400 kaomi o ka lewa, i hiki ai i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale metala ke hōʻino, a hiki i nā mea hao hao. A laila corrosion film, keia holoʻokoʻa kaʻina hoʻomau, no laila, i ka metala corrosion. No ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino cavitation, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kūʻē i ka cavitation corrosion, hana ʻili me ke kiʻekiʻe smoothness, ductility protection layer a pipeline cathodic protection, etc. haʻalulu a me ka pōʻino kaʻa. ʻO ke kuʻekuʻe ʻana o ka friction e loaʻa i loko o ka pilina wili, ka noho valve a me nā ʻāpana pili o ka pilina, ka ʻōwili ʻana a me ke kumu ma waena o ke kūlana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka momona, hoʻemi i ka friction, ka mālama ʻana i ka phosphating surface, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻoki carbide, a me kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ka solution spray tile a i ʻole ka huki anu e hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika o ka ʻili o ke ala palekana. ʻO ka corrosion ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka laha ʻana o nā ʻātoma hydrogen i loko o ke kemika kūlohelohe i ke ʻano o loko o ka metala, a ʻo kona mau ʻano he hydrogen bulges, hydrogen embrittlement a me hydrogen corrosion. ʻO ke kila ikaika a me ke kila me nā metala ʻole e maʻalahi loa i ka huʻi hydrogen. ʻO ka aila ʻaila i loaʻa i nā sulfate a me nā hydrides e maʻalahi i ka huʻi hydrogen. E koho i ke kila hollow ma kahi o ke kila kalapona maʻamau me nā lua, e lawe i ka plastic a me ka mālama plastic, hoʻohui i ka desulfurizer hiki ke pale i ka bulging. ʻO ka lattice mau o ke kila ikaika he mea kiʻekiʻe i ka'ōwili. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka hydrogen atom, pono e hoʻololi nui ka lattice mau o ka 4, e hopena i ka māwae ʻāhaʻi kālā. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona i loko o ka nickel a me ke kēpau e pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pā kila ikaika me ka brittleness hydrogen kiʻekiʻe. Pono e pale ʻia a hōʻemi ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hydrogen i ka wili uila, ka hana electroplating a me ka pickling passivation. Komo ka hydrogen i loko o ka metala ma ke kiʻekiʻe mau a me ke kaomi, a luku ʻia e ka hopena exothermic me kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo hydrogen corrosion. ʻO ke kila kila haʻahaʻa ke kūpaʻa loa i ka hydrogen corrosion. 3, non-metallic corrosion Ua like ka nui me ka corrosion metala. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea waiwai ʻole he mea hoʻokele uila ʻole, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻoulu i ke kino kemika, akā ʻoi loa ke kino a i ʻole ke kino kino, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi mai ka corrosion metala. ʻAʻole pono ka gravity-free ka ʻino metala akā maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha. No ka ʻinoʻino metala, ʻokoʻa ka gravity-free. ʻO ka ʻino ʻole metala ka hapa nui ma muli o nā hopena kino, he kakaikahi loa. He mea maʻamau ka ʻinoʻino o loko ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻinoʻino metala ka mea maʻamau e ka ʻino o ka ʻili. Ma hope o ka metala maka mea a me ka pāpaʻi pāpaʻi, aqueous solution a iʻole ea e laha mālie i ka loko o ka 'ikepili, no laila, i ka moʻo o ka corrosion hoʻololi 'ole-metala, e like me ka waeʻano a me nā 'ano o ka non-metal maka kumu, ko lakou corrosion. ʻokoʻa ke ʻano. ʻO ka morphology o ka corrosion he heheʻe, pehu, ʻūhū, palupalu, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, mae, hoʻololi maikaʻi, ʻelemakule, lalo paʻakikī, haki a pēlā aku. Eia nō naʻe, mai ka manaʻo kipi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai corrosion ma mua o nā mea metala, akā ʻaʻole ka ikaika compressive o nā mea metala, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela ma mua o nā mea metala.