Ma ka papa inoa makemake o nā astronomeros no nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana: ʻelua telescopes nunui a me kahi telescope ākea e ʻimi ai i ke ola ma waho o ka Honua a me kahi honua noho.
Ua kāhea ka poʻe astronomers ʻAmelika i ka Pōʻalima i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻopukapuka i kahi hanauna hou o nā telescopes "super-large" i loaʻa i nā piliona kālā. E ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau telescopes ma mua o nā telescopes i kēia manawa ma ka Honua a i ʻole ma ka orbit lewa.
Pono kēia hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ke ola a me ka hui pū ʻana o nā hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā papahana hoʻokūkū ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kelepona nui Magellan a me ka telescope 30-mika. Ke hoʻopau ʻia, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o kēia mau telescopes me nā anawaena condenser nui o 25 mika a me 30 mau mika ma kahi o 100 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kekahi telescope e hoʻohana nei i kēia manawa.
E hiki ai i ka poe kilo kilo ke nana aku i ke kumu o na galaxia mamao ma ka hohonu, kahi e holo ai na lua eleele nui a me ka ikehu; e noiʻi i nā mea pohihihi o ka mea ʻeleʻele a me ka ikehu ʻeleʻele; a e aʻo i nā hōkūhele a puni nā hōkū ma waho o ka lā. ʻO ka mea nui aku paha, hiki iā lākou ke hāpai i nā nīnau hou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
Akā ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe astronomers e hōʻiliʻili i nā kālā kūpono no nā makahiki e hoʻokō ai i kā lākou mau moemoeā. Ma ka noi hou, e hāʻawi ka National Science Foundation i 1.6 biliona kālā US no ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia mau papahana ʻelua, a laila kōkua i ka holo ʻana ma ke ʻano he papahana hou i kapa ʻia ʻo US Very Large Telescope.
Ma ka Poaha, ua koi aku ka poʻe astronomers iā NASA e hoʻomaka i kahi ʻoihana mākaʻikaʻi nui hou a me ka papahana ʻenehana makua, e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano o nā mokulele astrophysics i nā makahiki 20 a 30 e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mua, he telescope optical ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Hubble Space Telescope, hiki iā ia ke ʻimi a noiʻi i nā hīnaʻi honua ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa kokoke-he "exo-Earth" kahi e noho ai. Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe Astronomers ʻo NASA wale nō e hiki ke hana i kēia, a kuhikuhi ʻia e mākaukau paha ia ma 2040 ma ke kumu kūʻai o 11 biliona US.
ʻO kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻelua ka mea nui loa i kahi hōʻike 614-ʻaoʻao lōʻihi "Discovery Pathways in Astronomy and Astrophysics in the 2020s" i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka National Academy of Science, ka Academy of Engineering, a me ke kula o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka Pōʻalima.
I nā makahiki he 70 i hala iho nei, i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki, ua kākoʻo ke kula i kahi noiʻi o ke kaiāulu astronomy i mea e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā mea nui no nā mea nui i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ua hoʻopiʻi ka noiʻi ʻumi makahiki i ka manaʻo o Congress, NASA, National Science Foundation, a me ke Keʻena ʻOihana.
ʻO ka hana o kēia makahiki he lālā o Astronomy na Fiona A. Harrison o Kaleponi Institute of Technology a me Robert C. Astronomy o ke Kulanui o Arizona a me Texas A&M University. He 860 mau pepa keʻokeʻo i waiho ʻia no ka noiʻi ʻana, e wehewehe ana i nā telescopes hiki ke hiki, nā mikiona lewa e hoʻomaka ʻia, nā hoʻokolohua a i ʻole nā nānā e pono e mālama ʻia, a me ka ʻokoʻa o nā pilikia e hoʻoponopono ʻia e ke kaiāulu astronomy.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Harrison ma kahi ninaninau ua hoʻāʻo kā lākou komite e hana i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka makemake a me ka manawa a me ke kālā i koi ʻia no kēia mau papahana. No ka laʻana, ua hāpai ʻia kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka ʻimi honua. Ua nui loa kekahi, ua liʻiliʻi kekahi; hoʻokahi haneli e hoʻokō ai. ʻAʻole i koho ka hui i kekahi o lākou, akā ua noi i ke kaiāulu a me NASA e hoʻopuka i kahi manaʻo no kahi telescope ākea 6 mika. (He 2.4 mika ke anawaena o ke aniani aniani mua o Hubbleos.)
"He ʻimi hoʻoikaika nui kēia," i hoʻohui ai ʻo ia. "ʻO NASA a me ʻAmelika wale nō ka mea hiki ke hana i kēia. Manaʻo mākou hiki iā mākou ke hana. "
ʻO Matt Mountain, ka luna o ka Association for University Astronomy Research (AURA), ka mea nāna e mālama i ka observatory no ka National Science Foundation, i wehewehe i ka hōʻike he ʻumi makahiki he " wiwo ʻole" ma ka leka uila. "ʻAʻole lākou i hilahila i ka haʻi ʻana i kahi hihiʻo no nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai a pono e lawe."
He moʻolelo kūleʻa ko ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻumi makahiki. ʻO ka Hubble Space Telescope a me James Webb Space Telescope, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 1990 a ke hoʻomau nei i ka hana-i hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻike i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka mahina aʻe-ua pōmaikaʻi mai nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka noiʻi ʻumi makahiki i hala. .
No laila, ke kali nui nei nā hui astronomy a me nā astrophysics i nā hopena o kēlā me kēia noiʻi hou. "Ua hūnā mau ke kōmike," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Natalie Batalha, he loea ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Santa Cruz, i ka leka uila ma ka pō o ka hōʻike. Aia ʻo ia ma NASAos Kepler Planet. Ua pāʻani i ka hana alakaʻi ma ka hana ʻimi. “ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole au i lohe i kekahi mea. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke kali e kali.
Ma kāna hōʻike ma ka Pōʻalima, ua helu ke kulanui i ʻekolu mau pahuhopu ʻepekema holoʻokoʻa no nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana: ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hokele a me ke ola; ke aʻo ʻana i nā lua ʻeleʻele a me nā hōkū neutron, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā hanana ʻino loa i ke ʻano; a me ka ulu ʻana o nā galaxes. Ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana.
Wahi a ka hōʻike: "ʻO nā makahiki e hiki mai ana e kau i ke kanaka ma ke ala e hoʻoholo ai inā ʻo mākou wale nō." "ʻO ke ola ma ka Honua ka hopena o kahi kaʻina hana maʻamau, a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i kahi ʻano o nā kaiapuni maʻamau ʻo mākou wale nō ka mea i ka galaxy a me ke ao holoʻokoʻa. He hohonu kēlā pane. "
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka papahana Telescope Nui Loa no ka mea e pili ana i ka hui ʻana o nā papahana telescope hoʻokūkū ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka telescope 30-mika i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka piko o Mauna Kea ma Hawaii a i ʻole nā mokupuni ʻo Canary ma Sepania, a me ke kelepona nui Magellan e holo nei. Ma Kile.
ʻO nā telescopes ʻelua he hui nui honua a me ka huahana moeʻuhane o ka hōʻiliʻili kālā a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hoa hana i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. ʻO ka leo o kēia mau telescope ʻelua ma kahi o ʻekolu manawa ma mua o kekahi telescope ma ka Honua, a ʻo ka hiki ke ʻike i nā hōkū nāwaliwali a mamao o ke ao holoʻokoʻa he 100 ka nui o kona nui. Ma ka hana pū ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono i nā nīnau hohonu e pili ana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Akā ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia nā kālā ma mua o $2 biliona no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna mau pahuhopu.
Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke kūkulu ʻia kēia mau telescopes, e hāʻawi aku ʻo ʻEulopa i kāna alakaʻi ʻana i ka astronomy terrestrial iā ʻEulopa, ka mea e kūkulu nei i kahi telescope 39-mika ma Chileos Atacama Desert-ka European Very Large Telescope-i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka hana ma 2027. Ua hoʻohālikelike kekahi poʻe astronomers i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka papahana 1993 American Superconducting Supercollider, nāna i hāʻawi i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka physics particle iā CERN a me ka Large Hadron Collider ma Geneva.
Inā hoʻokomo ka National Science Foundation i ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia mau telescope ʻelua, e loaʻa iā ia ka manawa nui o ka nānā ʻana, a e hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe astronomers ʻAmelika.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Harrison: “Aia kēia mau telescope ʻelua ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a he ʻokoʻa loa nā hoʻolālā. He kūpono loa lākou no nā haʻawina hoʻohui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. " "He mea hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻAmelika ke loaʻa."
Ke kali nei nā pilikia nui iā mākou. Ua haʻihaʻi ka hui nui ʻo Magellan ma Chile, akā ua keʻakeʻa ʻia ka holomua o ka telescope 30 mika e nā kūʻē a me nā hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā Native Hawaiians a me nā hui ʻē aʻe. Ua koho ʻia kahi kahua ʻē aʻe ma La Palma, Canary Islands.
Ma muli o ka manaʻo nui o kēia manawa i ka ʻoihana a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka waihona kālā ʻepekema, manaʻo ka poʻe astronomers e kūlike nā hōkū me kā lākou ʻike wiwo ʻole. Akā, ua pilikia lākou i ka moʻolelo o ka nui o ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ʻo James Webb Space Telescope. Ma hope o nā makahiki lohi, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka telescope i Dekemaba me ke kumu kūʻai hope o US $ 10 biliona.
"Ua uhi ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i ka JWST-e hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa ma luna o kona kūleʻa," wahi a Michael Turner, he cosmologist a he ʻumi makahiki noiʻi ʻoihana e hana nei ma ka Kavli Foundation ma Los Angeles. “Kuʻa nā manamana lima.”
Mai poina ʻoe i ka pō ʻana o ka lā, ka ua meteor, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka rocket a i ʻole nā hanana astronomical a me nā hanana ma waho o kēia ao.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-15-2021
