Advanced ceramic cov ntaub ntawv rau kev thov kev pabcuam

Peb siv cov ncuav qab zib los txhim kho koj qhov kev paub. Los ntawm txuas ntxiv mus saib lub vev xaib no, koj pom zoo rau peb siv cov ncuav qab zib. Xav paub ntxiv. Tsis muaj lub ntsiab txhais ntawm kev pabcuam loj. Nws tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo li kev ua haujlwm uas tus nqi hloov lub valve yog siab lossis cov peev txheej ua tau raug txo. Muaj kev xav tau thoob ntiaj teb los txo cov txheej txheem tsim khoom txhawm rau txhawm rau nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua qhov kev koom tes hauv kev pabcuam tsis zoo. Cov no muaj xws li roj thiab roj thiab petrochemicals mus rau nuclear fais fab thiab lub zog tsim, ntxhia ua thiab mining. Designers thiab engineers tab tom sim ua kom tiav lub hom phiaj no nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Txoj kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog txhawm rau nce sijhawm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis zoo (xws li kev kaw haujlwm zoo thiab kev tswj xyuas kom zoo). Kev txhim kho kev nyab xeeb kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, vim tias txo qis kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam txhab tab tom ua haujlwm kom txo qis cov khoom lag luam, suav nrog cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov li qub, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tswv tsev cia siab tias yuav muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv lawv cov cuab tam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev ua kom muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj tsawg dua cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv (tab sis loj dua diameters) thiab cov twj paj nruag tsawg dua rau tib cov khoom ntws. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom loj dua rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab dav, ib qho kev tiv thaiv ib leeg kuj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntev rau qhov chaw hnyav kom txo tau qhov xav tau ntawm kev pabcuam hauv kev pabcuam thiab hloov pauv. Cov khoom siv xws li li qub thiab cov pob valve yuav tsum muaj zog kom haum rau qhov xav tau daim ntawv thov, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam ntev dua. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho teeb meem loj nrog rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov yog cov hlau qhov chaw tau mus txog qhov txwv ntawm lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov neeg tsim qauv yuav nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog xim hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv ceramic, rau kev thov kev pabcuam. Cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kev pabcuam hnyav xws li thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, hardness, zog, thiab toughness. Resilience yog ib qho tseem ceeb parameter, vim hais tias cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj resilient tuaj yeem ua tsis tau zoo. Lub toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic yog txhais raws li kev tiv thaiv tawg propagation. Qee zaum, nws tuaj yeem ntsuas tau siv txoj kev indentation, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev siv cov kab hluav taws xob ib sab tuaj yeem muab kev ntsuas kom raug. Lub zog muaj feem xyuam rau qhov toughness, tab sis hais txog ib qho taw tes uas cov khoom siv tsis zoo thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab. Nws yog feem ntau hu ua "modulus of rupture" thiab ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas peb-point lossis plaub-point dabtsi yog khoov lub zog ntsuas ntawm lub pas ntsuas. Qhov kev xeem peb-point muab tus nqi uas yog 1% siab dua qhov kev xeem plaub-point. Txawm hais tias hardness tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog ntau yam ntsuas suav nrog Rockwell thiab Vickers, Vickers microhardness nplai yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv ceramic siab heev. Lub hardness yog ncaj qha proportional rau hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub valve kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug cyclic txoj kev, qaug zog yog ib tug loj teeb meem vim lub nruam qhib thiab kaw lub valve. Kev qaug zog yog qhov pib lub zog, dhau qhov uas cov khoom siv feem ntau yuav ua tsis tau qis dua nws lub zog dabtsi yog khoov. Kev tiv thaiv corrosion nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab qhov nruab nrab uas muaj cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv daim teb no, ntau cov ntaub ntawv ceramics muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau, tshwj tsis yog "hydrothermal degradation", uas tshwm sim thaum qee cov ntaub ntawv zirconia raug rau qhov kub thiab txias. Ib feem geometry, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, toughness thiab lub zog yog cuam tshuam los ntawm thermal shock. Qhov no yog ib qho chaw zoo rau cov thermal conductivity thiab toughness, yog li cov khoom hlau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tam sim no muab cov qib siab ntawm thermal shock resistance. Advanced ceramics tau siv ntau xyoo thiab nrov ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kev ntseeg siab, cov kws tsim khoom cog thiab cov neeg tsim lub valve uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tus nqi. Raws li kev thov tshwj xeeb, muaj cov qauv sib txawv ntawm tus kheej tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, plaub lub ceramics siab heev yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm hnyav li qub. Lawv suav nrog silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina thiab zirconia. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub valve thiab lub pob valve raug xaiv raws li cov kev thov tshwj xeeb. Ob daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm zirconia yog siv nyob rau hauv li qub, ob qho tib si muaj tib coefficient ntawm thermal expansion thiab nruj li steel. Magnesium oxide ib feem stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) muaj lub siab tshaj plaws thermal shock tsis kam thiab toughness, thaum yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) yog ib qho nyuaj thiab muaj zog, tab sis yog susceptible rau hydrothermal degradation. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) muaj cov qauv sib txawv. Gas siab sintered silicon nitride (GPPSN) yog cov khoom siv feem ntau siv rau li qub thiab valve Cheebtsam. Ntxiv rau nws qhov nruab nrab toughness, nws kuj muab siab hardness thiab lub zog, zoo heev thermal shock kuj thiab thermal stability. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv high-temperature chav ib puag ncig, Si3N4 yog ib qho tsim nyog hloov rau zirconia, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hydrothermal degradation. Thaum cov peev nyiaj nruj, tus specifier tuaj yeem xaiv silicon carbide lossis alumina. Ob leeg cov ntaub ntawv muaj siab hardness, tab sis tsis tawv dua zirconia los yog silicon nitride. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv tau zoo heev rau kev siv cov khoom siv zoo li qub, xws li cov hlua khi thiab lub rooj zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum, tsis yog lub pob valve lossis cov discs uas muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv hlau siv hauv cov kev pabcuam hnyav (xws li ferrochrome (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy thiab Stellite), cov khoom siv ceramic siab muaj qis dua thiab lub zog zoo sib xws. Cov ntawv thov kev pabcuam hnyav suav nrog kev siv lub tshuab ua teb, xws li npauj npaim li qub, trunnions, ntab pob li qub, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Nyob rau hauv xws li daim ntaub ntawv, Si3N4 thiab zirconia muaj thermal poob siab tsis kam, toughness thiab lub zog hloov mus rau feem ntau xav tau ib puag ncig. Vim lub hardness thiab corrosion kuj ntawm cov khoom, cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom yog nce ob peb zaug piv nrog hlau qhov chaw. Lwm cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub valve nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nws tuav nws lub peev xwm kaw thiab tswj. Qhov no yog pom nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv thov uas 65 hli (2.6 nyob rau hauv) valve kynar / RTFE pob thiab liner raug rau 98% sulfuric acid thiab ilmenite, uas tau hloov mus rau titanium oxide pigment. Qhov xwm txheej corrosive ntawm cov xov xwm txhais tau hais tias lub neej ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem ntev li rau lub lis piam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv pob valve trim ua los ntawm Nilcra ™ (Daim duab 1), uas yog cov tswv cuab ntawm magnesium oxide ib feem stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ), muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab tuaj yeem muab peb xyoos ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yam tsis muaj kev kuaj pom. hnav thiab tsim kua muag. Nyob rau hauv linear li qub, nrog rau lub kaum sab xis li qub, throttle li qub los yog lub ntiaj teb li qub, vim "nyuaj foob" cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no, zirconia thiab silicon nitride yog haum rau valve plugs thiab valve rooj. Ib yam li ntawd, alumina tuaj yeem siv rau qee qhov gaskets thiab tawb. Los ntawm kev sib tsoo cov khoom sib tsoo ntawm lub rooj zaum valve, qib siab ntawm kev sib khi tuaj yeem ua tiav. Rau lub valve hauv ob sab phlu, suav nrog cov tub ntxhais valve, qhov nkag thiab qhov hluav taws xob lossis lub cev lub cev, ib qho ntawm plaub lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic tuaj yeem siv tau raws li daim ntawv thov. Lub siab hardness thiab corrosion kuj ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab kev pabcuam lub neej. Siv lub DN150 npauj npaim valve siv hauv Australian bauxite refinery ua piv txwv. Cov ntsiab lus silica siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab muab cov qib siab hnav ntawm lub valve hauv ob sab phlu. Lub gaskets thiab discs pib siv yog ua los ntawm 28% CrFe alloy thiab kav tsuas yog yim mus rau kaum lub lis piam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov li qub ua los ntawm Nilcra ™ zirconia (Daim duab 2), kev pabcuam lub neej tau nce mus rau 70 lub lis piam. Vim nws toughness thiab lub zog, ceramics ua hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau daim ntawv thov valve. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog lawv cov hardness thiab corrosion kuj uas pab ua kom lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub valve. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem txo tus nqi ntawm tag nrho lub neej voj voog los ntawm kev txo downtime rau hloov qhov chaw, txo kev ua hauj lwm peev thiab cov khoom muag, tsawg tsawg ntawm phau ntawv tuav, thiab kev txhim kho kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev txo cov to. Tau ntev, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic nyob rau hauv high-pressure li qub yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb, vim hais tias cov li qub no raug rau siab axial los yog torsional loads. Txawm li cas los xij, cov players tseem ceeb hauv daim teb no tam sim no tab tom tsim lub pob valve los txhim kho kev muaj sia nyob ntawm kev tsav tsheb torque. Lwm qhov kev txwv loj yog qhov ntsuas. Qhov loj ntawm lub rooj zaum loj tshaj plaws thiab lub pob valve loj tshaj plaws (Daim duab 3) ua los ntawm ib feem stabilized zirconia nrog magnesium oxide yog DN500 thiab DN250, feem. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov specifiers tam sim no nyiam ceramics rau cov khoom hauv qab no ntau thiab tsawg. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tam sim no tau ua pov thawj tias yog qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog, qee cov lus qhia yooj yim yuav tsum tau ua raws li txhawm rau ua kom lawv qhov ua tau zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic yuav tsum tsuas yog siv ua ntej thaum cov nqi yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom tsawg. Lub kaum ntse ntse thiab kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum zam ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Txhua qhov muaj peev xwm thermal expansion mismatch yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum lub sij hawm tsim. Txhawm rau txo qis kev ntxhov siab, cov ceramic yuav tsum tau khaws cia sab nraud, tsis yog sab hauv. Thaum kawg, qhov kev xav tau ntawm geometric tolerances thiab nto tiav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog, vim tias cov no yuav ua rau cov nqi tsis tsim nyog. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus qhia no thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab kev sib koom tes nrog cov neeg muag khoom txij thaum pib ntawm txoj haujlwm, kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tiav rau txhua daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam hnyav. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm Morgan Advanced Materials thiab tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab hloov kho. Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. (Nov 28, 2019). Advanced ceramic cov ntaub ntawv rau kev thov kev pabcuam. AZoM. Tau txais los ntawm https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305 thaum Lub Xya Hli 7, 2021. Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ceramic rau kev thov kev pabcuam". AZoM. Peb Hlis 7, 2021.. Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. "Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ceramic rau kev thov kev pabcuam". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305. (Tau Lub Xya Hli 7, 2021). Morgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics. 2019. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ceramic rau kev thov kev pabcuam. AZoM, saib Lub Xya Hli 7, 2021, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305. AZoM thiab Camfil tus thawj tswj hwm UK David Moulton tau tham txog lub tuam txhab cov kev daws teeb meem huab cua thiab yuav ua li cas lawv tuaj yeem pab muab qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb rau cov neeg hauv kev tsim kho. Hauv kev xam phaj no, AZoM thiab ELTRA tus thawj coj khoom lag luam Dr. Alan Klostermeier tau tham txog kev soj ntsuam ceev thiab txhim khu kev qha O / N / H ntawm cov qauv hnyav. Hauv kev xam phaj no, AZoM thiab Chuck Cimino, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Khoom Loj ntawm Lake Shore Cryotronics, tau tham txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv qhov M81 sync qhov ntsuas qhov system. Zeus Bioweb ™ yog ib lub tshuab uas electrospun PTFE rau hauv polymer fibers nrog me me diameters xws li nanometers mus rau micrometers. METTLER TOLEDO's STARe thermal tsom xam software muab qhov yooj yim txaus ntseeg thiab tsis txwv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas muaj peev xwm.