Cov cuab yeej rau NPE: Valve Gate thiab Multi-Tip Plastic Technology

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kub siab khiav nozzles thiab tswj yeej tsis nres.Ntawm no yog cov xov xwm hais txog cov khoom siv no thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov yeeb yam. Männer tus tshiab Edgeline valve rooj vag nozzles yog siv rau lateral txhaj ntawm ntev, nqaim tubular qhov chaw xws li syringe chim.Txhua lub nozzle muaj nyob rau hauv 1, 2 thiab 4 tee rau ib tug compact siab cavitation layout. MHS Hot Runner Solutions qhia txog qhov loj dua Rheo-Pro Black Box pneumatic valve lub rooj vag actuator uas tuav cov ntaub ntawv xws li PEEK, LCP, PSU, PEI thiab PPS thiab 200 C (392 F) hauv pwm yam tsis muaj dej txias. Lwm qhov kev ua kom txias txias rau lub valve actuators yog Synventive's SynCool3.The corrugated aluminium conductor hu rau saum phaj lossis phaj siab.No dej txias yuav tsum tau. Kev ntsuas dej ntws thiab ntsuas kub yog cov kev xaiv tshiab rau Gammaflux G24 qhov kub thiab txias tswj. Mould-Masters 'tshiab Summit kab ntawm premium kub khiav tshuab yog stainless hlau nrog built-in heaters embedded nyob rau hauv tooj. rooj vag. Husky's tshiab Ultra Helix servo-actuated valve rooj vag nozzles tshaj tawm tias muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub rooj vag, lub neej ntev tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim pwm kev koom ua ke dua puas tau ua ntej ToolingDocs 'cov cuab yeej tshiab chav khoom kab suav nrog cov txheej txheem kho pwm chaw nres tsheb nrog kev xaiv siv hluav taws xob thiab pwm cia chaw, nrog rau cov hlau nplaum. pwm xwm txheej daim ntawv lo thiab lub teeb tuav. Los ntawm cov kub khiav mus rau tus kheej tu PET preform pwm rau 3D luam ntawv yas kab noj hniav inserts, ib tug plethora ntawm kev txiav-ntug cuab tam technologies tau showcased ntawm NPE2015 nyob rau hauv Orlando, Florida nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj. , tus kheej adjustability ntawm lub rooj vag valve qhib thiab kaw, thiab ntau lub taub hau nozzles rau molding ntev, nyias tubular khoom xws li kev kho mob pipettes thiab syringes.Valve gate actuators tsis muaj dej txias kuj ua rau lawv debut.Nov yog cov xov xwm ntxiv rau cov ncauj lus no, ntxiv rau cov luam tawm. hauv cov teeb meem yav dhau los. Xov Xwm Kub Khiav Alba Enterprises qhia rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas lub tri-tip nozzle los ntawm Thermoplay, Ltalis, uas muab radially balanced sau rau ntev tubular Cheebtsam xws li syringe chim. Raws li peb tau tshaj tawm hauv peb lub Peb Hlis saib ua ntej, Athena Controls tau nthuav tawm ib qho tshiab ntawm nws cov Bedros maub los nrog 8 txog 64 thaj chaw thiab "huab"-enabled software.New cloud-based Ion thiab Pulse controller software from Fast Heat kuj tau tshaj tawm rau lub Peb Hlis. Wireless tej thaj chaw deb nkag mus rau controllers thiab muaj peev xwm los kwv yees tsis ua hauj lwm ua ntej lawv tshwm sim yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.Tseem tshiab yog CableXChecker thiab MoldXChecker, tshwj xeeb diagnostic pab kiag li lawm uas ceev ceev txheeb xyuas cov cables phem thiab thermocouple los yog lub tshav kub luv luv, feem, ua ntej pwm nkag mus rau hauv xovxwm. Ewikon Molding Technologies siv qhov txawv txav "variable pitch" manifold nrog hinged caj npab (HPS III-FleX) rau ob-chamber prototypes thiab short runs.Kawm ntawm cov zaub yog MWB 100 Micro Fluidized Bed Cleaning Furnace rau cov lus qhia nozzle (saib Lub Ib Hlis Fakuma Close Up kom paub meej). Gammaflux tau tshaj tawm ob txoj kev xaiv tshiab uas tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau nws G24 qhov kub thiab txias tswj.Cov dej ntws saib xyuas siv ob qhov tso zis ntws thiab ntsuas kub kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej ntws zoo thoob plaws hauv pwm.Qhov pwm kom txias yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv overheating thiab muaj peev xwm to ntawm dej thiab valve gate seals.Consistent cooling is Attendance tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ib yam.Lub monitor txhawb 16 analog channels (8 dual tso zis sensors) thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv logging peev xwm.Ib qho kev xaiv thib ob module yuav muab ob npaug rau tus naj npawb ntawm kev soj ntsuam raws. Qhov thib ob qhov kev xaiv tshiab G24 yog lub tshuab mount bracket uas tshem tawm cov maub los hauv pem teb, txuag chaw hauv pem teb thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv hauv chav huv. Lub teb chaws Yelemees's Heitec, sawv cev los ntawm Technoject Machinery Corp., tau ua kom pom qhov tshiab ob-poob valve qhov rooj kaw lus nrog cov kab tawm lub cev muaj zog Visio-NV-Drive uas ncua lub valve qhib hauv kev hloov kho 0.01 thib ob increments, Thiab lub valve-pin kawg txoj hauj lwm tuaj yeem teem rau hauv 0.01 mm nce. HRSflow Ltalis tshaj tawm tias nws Flexflow servo-hluav taws xob valve gating system tau muab tso rau hauv Autodesk Moldflow simulation software.Moldflow tam sim no simulate maj mam qhib thiab kaw ntawm nozzles uas nws ceev, quab yuam thiab txoj hauj lwm yuav ua tau ib tug programmed.Flexflow lub hom phiaj loj nyias-walled automotive ntu. Kev ntsuam xyuas siv xya-tej rear spoiler cuab yeej nruab nrog ib qho kev ntsuas siab ntxiv tau txheeb xyuas Moldflow qhov kev twv ua ntej tias kev loj hlob valve qhib thiab kaw ua rau qis tuav tuav thiab qis tuav siab piv rau cov tsoos "cascading" kub khiav molding ntau dua.Qhov yog 4 hli tuab. TPV nrog 20% ​​talc.Cov txiaj ntsig muaj xws li qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw, qis dua kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ua tsov rog, thiab mus txog 20% ​​siab dua clamping quab yuam yuav tsum.Yuav ua kom pom tus nqi ntawm Flexflow, HRSflow ntsia spoiler cov cuab yeej rau kev ua qauv qhia ntawm nws cov chaw hauv Ltalis, Tuam Tshoj thiab Grand Rapids. , Michigan. Husky Txhaj Molding Systems 'lub ntsiab kub khiav cov khoom tshiab yog Ultra Helix nozzle.Raws li lub tuam txhab, lub rooj vag servo-tsav valve no tau tshaj tawm tias tso cai rau cov gated ncaj qha kom muaj cov qhov rooj me me uas lawv "feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas tau," thiab lub tuam txhab kuj. thov hais tias "lub qhov rooj zoo no tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb hnub." lab Cycles - Ntev dua li lwm yam "lub rooj vag valve tam sim no muaj.Husky hais tias kev sim pom 65% ntawm cov khoom muaj qhov nruab nrab qhov rooj seem ntawm 0.0mm, nrog rau qhov seem seem ntau tshaj li 85% ntawm qhov chaw molded nrog lwm lub rooj vag valve, suav nrog ua ntej Husky Cov qauv Hess Base hais tias lub nozzle yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv rau ntau tshaj 5 lab lub voj voog, Husky hais tias Ultra Helix ua kom yooj yim txias semi-machining yuav tsum tau sib xyaw ua ke kub khiav. Dave Morton, Husky tus lwm thawj coj ntawm cov neeg khiav dej num kub thiab kev tswj hwm rau Asmeskas.Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshiab kom ntseeg tau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub valve qia thiab rooj vag, zoo li tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv no.Ultra Helix kuj muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws, yog li cov molders tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev hloov qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab noj hniav tom qab hloov cov cua kub hloov lwm yam xov xwm los ntawm Husky nozzles suav nrog kev qhia txog Ultra Side Gate rau pawg pwm ntawm NPE 2012.Cov lus nqes hav pab kom cov neeg siv khoom ntau dua los ntawm cov neeg caij txias. , Husky hais. Tsis tas li ntawd, Husky tus tshiab Unify pre-assembled manifold system cim lub tuam txhab kev hloov kho tshiab rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsheb - precision molding ntawm engineering resins. Ntawm qhov kev tswj xyuas, Husky tau qhia qhov kev txhim kho tshiab tshaj plaws rau nws Altanium Matrix2, lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab rau cov kab noj hniav siab (txog 254 thaj chaw). Kev ntsuas thiab tswj qhov tseeb tau hais tias yuav zoo dua li ua ntej, thaum H- series Circuit phaib muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dua hauv cov hneev taw me me.Ntxiv cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb txhim kho kev kuaj mob thiab txo qis kev ua txhaum. Husky cov xov xwm loj hauv kev tswj, txawm li cas los xij, yog Altanium Servo Control, uas Husky hu ua "thawj qhov kub thiab txias servo controller." Nws tswj tag nrho cov servo axes hauv pwm - tsis yog lub rooj vag valve xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov cores collapsible, slides, unscrewing, stack rotation thiab imprint txav. Incoe tshaj tawm GSC Micro Valve-Gate Sequencer tshiab.Nws yog ib qho yooj yim, tus nqi qis uas muab timer-raws li pneumatic tswj txog li yim zones.Incoe kuj pom tau tias compact HEM hydraulic lub tog raj kheej rau lub rooj vag valve thiab qhia tus nqi ntawm nws. SoftGate valve-gate ceev controller.Cov chrome txheej ntawm Audi grille yog blistered, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa me me npuas nyob rau hauv lub nto ntawm ABS Cheebtsam.Qhov teeb meem no yog daws los ntawm kev siv SoftGate los tswj qhov qhib ntawm lub qhov rooj tswj. Edgeline yog ib tiam tshiab ntawm sab dav hlau valve nozzles los ntawm Männer, Lub teb chaws Yelemees.Nws lub hom phiaj ntev, nqaim tubular qhov chaw xws li syringe chim.Lub valve tus pin txav ntawm txoj cai kaum rau cov pwm parting kab.Available nyob rau hauv 1-poob, 2-poob thiab 4-poob rau ib lub nozzle, nws ua rau lub compact siab cavitation layout (saib daim duab).Qhov ntau-poob nozzle muaj ib tug pneumatic tus pin uas qhib thiab kaw tag nrho cov rooj vag ib txhij, tab sis qhov kub thiab txias yog tus kheej tswj.Edgeline hais tias ua tau zoo nrog resins. xws li COP, COC, PMMA, PC thiab TPE. Lwm cov khoom tshiab los ntawm Männer yog nws qhov tsawg tshaj plaws Slimline nozzle rau engineering resins nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 8 mm.and 16 mm spacing.(Qhov loj no twb muaj rau polyolefins.) Kev txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias tso cai rau cov me me nozzles ntev li 164 hli. . Männer qhov kev txhim kho thib peb yog MCN-P valve rooj vag nozzle rau nyias-walled pob molded ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj siab thiab kev kub ceev.Available nyob rau hauv ntev ntawm 79 mus rau 404 mm (yav tas los txog li 304 mm), nws muaj ib tug ntsia hlau-hauv ntsis nrog kev txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias, tsim qauv hnav-tiv taus, thiab ib lub nplhaib qhia ntxiv rau hauv qab tus pin Nozzle tip muaj Cov rooj vag zoo heev. MHS Hot Runner Solutions qhia txog qhov loj dua Rheo-Pro Black Box pneumatic valve lub rooj vag actuator uas tuav cov ntaub ntawv xws li PEEK, LCP, PSU, PEI thiab PPS thiab 200 C (392 F) Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cua txias hauv pwm.Cov qauv me dua qub tau qhia. ntawm K hauv 2013. Raws li tau tshaj tawm nyob rau lub Peb Hlis, MHT Mould & Hotrunner Technology tau nthuav tawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj cavitation thiab tshiab prefabricated manifold system rau Husky HyPET preform pwm rau kev xa khoom sai thiab tus nqi qis. Topping daim ntawv teev cov khoom tshiab los ntawm Milacron LLC yog Mould-Masters Summit series ntawm hwm kub khiav systems.Lub nozzle thiab manifold feature cam khwb cia cua sov puag ncig ntawm tooj liab rau zoo tshav kub hloov, sandwiched ntawm ib tug stainless hlau core thiab tsho rau tshuaj tiv thaiv. tsom rau kev kho mob thiab kev saib xyuas tus kheej, nws muaj tsawg dua ± 5% thermal variation, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev khiav hauj lwm rhiab heev resins xws li PC, COP, COC, PBT thiab acetal. 32-kab kab noj hniav pwm rau kev kho mob luer fittings. Lub Summit series muaj nyob rau hauv valve-style versions nrog servo-tswj tus pin actuators uas siv compact stepper motors rau tus kheej ceev, lub sij hawm thiab txoj hauj lwm tswj.Synchronized phaj tsav rau tag nrho cov pins (pneumatic, hydraulic los yog servo) kuj muaj.Summit series li qub. feature ib qho tshiab nthuav dav ceramic disc rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab txhim kho kev taw qhia thiab tsis kam tiv taus.Cov nrov version tuaj nrog ceramic EcoDisk rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Cov khoom sau muaj nyob rau hauv peb qhov ntau thiab tsawg - femto, pico thiab centi.The manifold siv iFlow thev naus laus zis - nkhaus ntws raws es tsis txhob siv rab phom ncaj drilled raws.Cov kub ib nrab muaj cov txheej tshwj xeeb rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub valve qia rau corrosion kuj thiab durability. . Lwm cov xov xwm kub khiav los ntawm Milacron suav nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem tshiab dual rooj vag rau Mould-Masters Melt Cube.Nws pub ntev, hollow qhov chaw xws li pipettes thiab syringe chim los ntawm ob sab.Yav ​​dhau los, txhua lub Melt Cube muaj ib lub nozzle rau txhua qhov, tab sis tam sim no nws muaj ob lub nozzles tig mus rau cov lus qhia sib txawv.Nws tau hais tias yuav ua rau qis peev peev. Osco Inc. tau nthuav tawm nws cov Micro Valve-Gate Sequencer tshiab txog li 8 zones.Nws yog pneumatic thiab lub sijhawm raws li.Kuj tshiab xyoo tas los yog Quick Set mini kub ib nrab, ib qho poob hauv manifold nrog cov txheej txheem tawm ntawm lub txee. Osco kuj tau ua kom pom kev sib xyaw rau nws MGN ntau lub rooj vag nozzles.Nws ua ke ob lub Osco: nws MGN ntau lub rooj vag nozzle lub cev yog siv rau lub manifold, thiab CVT-20 series ntawm sab nraud rhuab nozzles yog siv rau cov tee es tsis txhob siv nozzles. embedded nyob rau hauv lub MGN manifold.Qhov no muab kev yooj yim tsim thiab ntev nozzle ntev rau daim ntaub ntawv nrog nruj nreem qhov yuav tsum tau. Plastics Engineering thiab Technical Services qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm EvenFlow programmer rau lub rooj vag valve (saib Lub Plaub Hlis Hloov Kho kom paub meej).Polyshot Corp. ua qauv qhia nws lub rooj vag ib leeg-nozzle valve. Synventive Molding Solutions qhia nuGate thiab hGate tswj (pneumatic thiab hydraulic, ntsig txog) rau kev tswj tag nrho ntawm lub rooj vag tus pin ceev, acceleration thiab qhib thiab kaw mus txawv tebchaws.Cov no ntxiv rau nws eGate hluav taws xob version.Ib kab tshiab ntawm modular plug-and-play actuators rau pre-installed, pre-wired thiab pre-tested valve rooj vag kuj tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv lub Peb Hlis.Cov khoom tshiab thib peb yog SynCool 3 passive txias rau Synventive tus tshiab hydraulic thiab pneumatic valve actuators. Tsis zoo li SynCool 1 thiab 2, nws tsis siv lub phaj dej txias, yog li kev txhim kho ob qho tib si manifold kub tswj thiab tshem tawm cov foob tsis ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov cua txias circuits.This patent-pending system siv aluminium heat conductors nrog wavy geometry, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog rau sab saum toj. phaj lossis platen.Ntxiv, qhov kev txhawb nqa titanium inhibits cov cua sov hloov mus rau lub tog raj kheej (saib daim duab).Nws tsom rau cov ntawv thov polyolefin mus txog 250 C (482 F). Hasco America showcased nws qhov tseeb thiab txhim kho Z3281 version ntawm Multimodule rau mounting ntau lub nozzles nyob rau hauv ib ncig manifold block.Nws tam sim no lees txais cov ntsia hlau-hauv TechniShot Series 20 nozzles rau kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj paug.Qhov kub ntawm txhua lub nozzle yog tus kheej tswj.Nozzle lengths ranges los ntawm 50 mus rau 125 hli nrog suab diameters los ntawm 17 mus rau 42 hli. Yudo hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim tsis ntev los no tau pib siv vuam los ua kom tiav qhov kub hnyiab.Cov qauv no muab ob lub phaj sib cais thiab tso cai rau cov neeg khiav ntawm ob daim hlau kom polished kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tuag, uas pab ua kom cov xim hloov sai dua. Ib yam li ntawd, Yudo tau pib siv. brazing los tsim cov tub ntxhais thiab kab noj hniav los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob daim ua ke.Qhov no ua rau cov cua txias kom nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw tsis tuaj yeem ua tau nrog cov pa phom-drill channels. Pwm thiab Cheebtsam Cov xov xwm txaus siab rau PET preform yav dhau los yog Husky tus kheej tu moulds.Raws li peb tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv peb lub Tsib Hlis showcase feature, tswj flashing ntawm lub caj dab nplhaib cheeb tsam tshem tawm pwm deposits nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, txuag ntau pua teev ntawm kev saib xyuas txhua xyoo. Ob lub chaw tso khoom siv Stratasys Polyjet cov cav tov los ua kom pom kev siv 3D-luam qauv qauv los yog kev ua haujlwm luv luv ntawm cov kab noj hniav uas tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov kho ABS.Cov ntawv ntxig tau hais tias yuav siv tau ntev txaus rau 500 txhaj tshuaj, tab sis ntev mus ntev vim muaj kev hloov pauv kub tsawg. Milacron qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas lub kab noj hniav tuaj yeem luam tawm hauv qab 5 teev, tom qab ntawd ntxuav, tshuaj xyuas thiab thauj mus rau hauv kev hloov ceev ceev DME MUD tuag teeb khiav ntawm 17-tuj Roboshot tag nrho-hluav taws xob xovxwm.Lub sijhawm voj voog yog kwv yees li 100 vib nas this. Toshiba kuj molds qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 3D luam kab noj hniav.Dab tsi ntxiv, nws siv ib tug rau-axis neeg hlau hloov cov yas thiab steel kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev-hloov pwm puag. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries tau nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem nthuav dav hu ua Sequential Cavity Separation (SCS), uas siv lub rooj vag valve hauv tsev neeg pwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhaj ob qhov zoo sib xws lossis sib txawv.Qhov "tshaj tonnage" txoj kev siv lub zog clamping tsawg dua thaum ob feem. txhaj tshuaj tib lub sijhawm.Thaum ua yeeb yam, 720-tuj ME2+ tau tsav tag nrho mus rau 16-inch inch.PC spice pans siv tsis pub tshaj 400 tons ntawm quab yuam los ua ib txoj haujlwm uas ib txwm xav tau 900 tons.SCS tuaj yeem tso cai. Kev ywj pheej txhaj tshuaj profiles rau txhua qhov kab noj hniav.Raws li MHI, txawm tias ob qho tib si zoo ib yam, SCS muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv qhov hnyav-tseem ceeb, xws li cov kiv cua, vim tias ib tus neeg txhaj tshuaj muaj kev txhaj tshuaj nruj dua rau txhua qhov. Lub tshuab Milacron tab tom txhim kho hu ua SmartMold yuav raug tso tawm nyob rau lub quarter thib peb lossis plaub lub hlis twg.Nws yuav tshaj tawm tias muaj peev xwm muab ntau yam ntaub ntawv hais txog pwm ntau dua li ua ntej - tsis tiv tauj lub voj voog ntub dej, overpressure, overheating, over-tonnage thiab pwm. kev tsim txom, xws li kev kaw nruj heev.SmartMold yuav muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus nrog cov xovxwm, tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab txias; nws yuav tso cai rau cov chaw taws teeb saib xyuas pwm ntawm "huab" tshaj tawm kom tau txais kev ceeb toom rau cov neeg siv thiab cov neeg muag khoom ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam. Ob peb lub rooj sibtham tshiab tshiab los ntawm Hasco America tau tshaj tawm nyob rau lub Peb Hlis Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, cov rooj sib tham tshiab los ntawm DME, Kev hloov ceev ceev Die Clamps los ntawm Lenzkes Clamping Tools, Unscrewing Unit los ntawm Superior Die Set Corp. thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Tuag Los Ntawm MetalRustGuard Tus neeg sawv cev, , tau tshwm sim. los ntawm DMS tivthaiv.Cumsa USA showcases ib tug tshiab huab cua poppet valve rau qhov chaw tso tawm, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv Keeping Up nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj.Kistler nthuav qhia tshiab sensors nrog replaceable cables los yog tsis muaj cables txhua. Alba Enterprises nthuav tawm ob peb lub tog raj kheej hydraulic tshiab rau kev tuag ua haujlwm / swb los ntawm Vega, Ltalis: • Muaj kev xaiv tshiab rau lub V450CM compact hnyav lub tog raj kheej nrog cov neeg kho tshuab hloov ua rau hauv lub tog raj kheej.Lawv xa cov teeb liab rau lub tshuab kom lub tshuab paub. lawv nyob qhov twg.Cov chav no tuaj yeem tiv taus kub txog 320 F thiab siab txog 6500 psi. • Lub tog raj kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej kheej ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm cov pwm kuj yog tshiab.Ntau dua compact dua li cov chav sib tw, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tuav tau 10 tons thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tuav tau 70 tons, nrog pneumatic lossis hydraulic tsav. • Ib lub phaj txuas dej tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv txhua lub tog raj kheej ntawm cov pwm.Indicator teeb qhia qhov chaw ntawm txhua lub tog raj kheej, daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas lub tog raj kheej twg tawm ntawm txoj hauj lwm thiab tiv thaiv kev ncig yam tsis tas yuav muaj tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob. • Kuj tseem muaj lub tog raj kheej hluav taws xob tshiab rau txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob.Lwm txoj hauv kev hydraulic actuation yog cua siab.