Valve cryogenic kho txoj cai thiab nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev lag luam (ob) valve qauv npaj txoj kev qhia ntxaws daim duab

Valve cryogenic kho txoj cai thiab nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev lag luam (ob) valve qauv kev npaj txheej txheem cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws daim duab Lub mechanism ntawm cryogenic kho yog tseem nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Hais txog kev hais lus, cov txheej txheem cryogenic ntawm ferrous hlau (hlau thiab hlau) tau kawm kom meej meej, thaum lub tshuab cryogenic ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj kev kawm, thiab tsis meej heev, cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam uas twb muaj lawm yog qhov pib ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau. Lub microstructure refinement ua rau muaj zog thiab toughening ntawm lub workpiece. Qhov no feem ntau yog hais txog kev tawg ntawm qhov qub tuab martensite slats. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias martensite lattice tas li tau hloov pauv. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov kev ua kom zoo ntawm microstructure yog tshwm sim los ntawm decomposition ntawm martensite thiab nag lossis daus ntawm nplua carbides. Kev sib txuas sab saud: Valve cryogenic kho txoj cai thiab nws daim ntawv thov kev lag luam (1) 2. Cryogenic kho mechanism Lub tshuab ntawm kev kho cryogenic tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Hais txog kev hais lus, cov txheej txheem cryogenic ntawm ferrous hlau (hlau thiab hlau) tau kawm kom meej meej, thaum lub tshuab cryogenic ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj kev kawm, thiab tsis meej heev, cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam uas twb muaj lawm yog qhov pib ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau. 2.1 Cryogenic mechanism ntawm ferrous alloy (steel) Nyob rau hauv lub mechanism ntawm cryogenic kev kho mob ntawm hlau thiab hlau cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau zoo heev thiab nyob rau hauv-tob, thiab txhua leej txhua tus yeej tau mus txog qhov kev pom zoo, lub ntsiab views yog raws li nram no. 2.1.1 Precipitation ntawm superfine carbides los ntawm martensite, uas ua rau dispersion intensification, tau lees paub los ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas martensite yog cryogenic ntawm -196 ℃ thiab vim lub ntim shrinkage, lub lattice ntawm Fe Lub tas li muaj ib tug nyiam txo, yog li ntxiv dag zog rau lub zog tsav ntawm carbon atom nag lossis daus. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov diffusion nyuaj dua thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog luv luv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ntau cov dispersed ultrafine carbides yog precipitated ntawm matrix ntawm martensite. 2.1.2 Hloov cov residual austenite Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (hauv qab Mf point), cov residual austenite decompositions thiab transforms rau hauv martensite, uas txhim kho hardness thiab lub zog ntawm lub workpiece. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias kev ua kom txias txias tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov austenite residual. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias kev ua kom txias txias tuaj yeem txo qis cov austenite residual, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho. Nws tseem ntseeg tau tias cov cua txias txias hloov pauv cov duab, kev faib tawm thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm residual austenite, uas yog qhov zoo los txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau. 2.1.3 Kev Txhim Kho Lub Koom Haum Lub microstructure refinement ua rau muaj zog thiab toughening ntawm lub workpiece. Qhov no feem ntau yog hais txog kev tawg ntawm qhov qub tuab martensite slats. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias martensite lattice tas li tau hloov pauv. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov kev ua kom zoo ntawm microstructure yog tshwm sim los ntawm decomposition ntawm martensite thiab nag lossis daus ntawm nplua carbides. 2.1.4 Residual compressive stress rau saum npoo Cov txheej txheem txias yuav ua rau cov yas ntws hauv qhov tsis xws luag (micropores, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv). Thaum lub sij hawm reheating txheej txheem, residual kev nyuaj siab yog generated nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub void, uas yuav txo tau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov tsis xws luag rau lub zos lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Qhov kawg kev ua tau zoo yog kev txhim kho ntawm abrasive hnav tsis kam. 2.1.5 Kev kho Cryogenic ib nrab hloov pauv lub zog kinetic ntawm cov hlau atoms Muaj ob qho tib si khi rog uas ua kom cov atoms nyob ze ua ke thiab lub zog kinetic uas ua rau lawv sib nrug. Cov kev kho cryogenic ib nrab hloov lub zog kinetic ntawm cov atoms, yog li ua rau cov atoms sib txuas ntau dua thiab txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib deev ntawm cov hlau. 2.2 Cryogenic kho mechanism ntawm non-ferrous alloys 2.2.1 Action mechanism ntawm cryogenic kev kho mob ntawm cemented carbide Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias kev kho cryogenic tuaj yeem txhim kho hardness, flexural zog, cuam tshuam toughness thiab sib nqus coercivity ntawm cemented carbides. Tab sis nws ua rau nws permeability qis. Raws li kev soj ntsuam, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cryogenic yog raws li hauv qab no: ib feem A - Co yog hloov mus rau ξ - Co los ntawm kev kho cryogenic, thiab qee qhov seem compressive kev ntxhov siab yog tsim nyob rau hauv txheej txheej 2.2.2 Action mechanism ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj liab-raws li alloys Li Zhicao li al. Kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm microstructure thiab cov khoom ntawm H62 tooj dag. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev kho cryogenic tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze ntawm β-theem hauv microstructure, uas ua rau lub microstructure zoo li ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog ntawm H62 tooj dag. Nws kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig los txo qhov deformation, ruaj khov thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cong Jilin thiab Wang Xiumin et al. ntawm Dalian University of Technology tau kawm txog kev kho cryogenic ntawm Cu-raws li cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yog CuCr50 lub tshuab nqus tsev hloov cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev kho cryogenic tuaj yeem ua rau lub microstructure zoo ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm kev lim dej ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm ob lub alloys. , thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm hais precipitated rau saum npoo ntawm ob alloys. Nws zoo ib yam li qhov tshwm sim ntawm carbide precipitated ntawm grain ciam teb thiab matrix nto ntawm high-ceev steel tom qab kev kho mob cryogenic. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab kev kho mob cryogenic, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob corrosion ntawm cov khoom siv lub tshuab nqus tsev tau zoo tuaj. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm tooj liab electrode nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws qhia tau hais tias cov hluav taws xob conductivity yog zoo dua, cov yas deformation ntawm vuam kawg yog txo, thiab cov kev pab cuam lub neej yog nce ze li ntawm 9 lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev xav paub meej txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tooj liab alloy, uas yuav raug ntaus nqi rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tooj liab alloy ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas zoo ib yam li kev hloov pauv ntawm residual austenite rau martensite hauv steel, thiab cov nplej refinement. Tab sis cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws mechanism tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab. 2.2.3 Cov nyhuv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm cov khoom ntawm nickel-based alloys Muaj ob peb cov lus ceeb toom txog kev kho cryogenic ntawm nickel-based alloys. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias kev kho cryogenic tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yas ntawm cov nickel-raws li alloys thiab txo lawv qhov rhiab heev rau alternating stress concentration. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tias qhov kev ntxhov siab so ntawm cov khoom yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho cryogenic, thiab cov microcracks loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. 2.2.4 Cov nyhuv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm cov khoom ntawm amorphous alloys Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm cov khoom ntawm amorphous alloys, Co57Ni10Fe5B17 tau kawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws tau pom tias kev kho cryogenic tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam thiab mechanical zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv amorphous. Cov kws sau ntawv ntseeg hais tias kev kho cryogenic txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis sib nqus ntawm qhov chaw, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem so thaum lub sij hawm crystallization. 2.2.5 Cov nyhuv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm txhuas thiab txhuas-raws li alloy Txhuas thiab txhuas alloy cryogenic ua kev tshawb fawb yog qhov kub tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev kho cua sov hauv tsev hauv xyoo tas los, Li Huan thiab chuan-hai jiang li al. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias kev kho cryogenic tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm aluminium silicon carbide cov khoom sib xyaw thiab txhim kho nws cov qauv ntawm elasticity, kev thaj yeeb Shang Guang fang-wei jin thiab lwm tus pom tias kev kho cryogenic los txhim kho qhov dimension stability ntawm aluminium alloy, txo cov machining deformation. , txhim kho lub zog thiab hardness ntawm cov khoom, Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis tau ua ib tug systematic txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov mechanisms, tab sis feem ntau ntseeg hais tias qhov kev nyuaj siab generated los ntawm kub nce lub dislocation ceev thiab ua rau nws. Chen Ding et al. los ntawm Central South University of Technology systematically kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho cryogenic ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv aluminium alloys. Lawv pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov nplej ntawm txhuas alloys tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho cryogenic hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb, thiab tau npaj cov txheej txheem tshiab cryogenic ntxiv dag zog rau aluminium alloys. Raws li tus qauv GB / T1047-2005, lub nominal txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub valve tsuas yog ib qho kos npe, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cim "DN" thiab tus lej. Qhov loj nominal tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov siab ntawm lub valve, thiab qhov tseeb txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub valve yog teev los ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog. Tus nqi ntsuas dav dav (unit mm) yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 95% ntawm tus nqi nominal loj. Qhov nominal loj yog muab faib ua metric system (cim: DN) thiab British system (cim: NPS). Lub teb chaws tus qauv valve yog metric system, thiab American standard valve yog British system. Nyob rau hauv lub laub ntawm industrialization, urbanization, ** thiab globalization, lub zeem muag ntawm Suav valve khoom tsim kev lag luam yog dav, lub neej yav tom ntej valve kev lag luam **, domestic, modernization, yuav yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej valve kev lag luam kev loj hlob. Kev nrhiav kev nruam ntej, tsim kev lag luam tshiab rau kev lag luam valve, txhawm rau cia cov lag luam hauv kev sib tw hnyav zuj zus hauv lub twj tso kua mis valve kev lag luam tide rau kev ciaj sia thiab kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv lub valve ntau lawm thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev txhawb nqa, lub domestic valve tsis rov qab los ntawm txawv teb chaws valve, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, ntau yam khoom nyob rau hauv technology thiab innovation yuav muab piv rau thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam, kev loj hlob ntawm domestic valve kev lag luam yog mus rau pem hauv ntej. kev coj ntawm niaj hnub. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv tshuab valve, daim ntawv thov ntawm lub teb valve txuas ntxiv mus, thiab cov txheej txheem sib thooj valve kuj tseem muaj ntau thiab tseem ceeb. Valve cov khoom lag luam tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau hloov kho tshiab, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom tob raws li cov qauv kev lag luam. Nominal txoj kab uas hla thiab nominal siab ntawm lub valve GB / T1047-2005 tus qauv, lub nominal txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub valve tsuas yog ib lub cim, sawv cev los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cim "DN" thiab tus naj npawb, nominal loj tsis tuaj yeem yog ** ntsuas valve txoj kab uas hla tus nqi, Qhov tseeb txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub valve yog teev los ntawm cov qauv tsim, qhov ntsuas dav dav (unit mm) yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 95% ntawm tus nqi nominal loj. Qhov nominal loj yog muab faib ua metric system (cim: DN) thiab British system (cim: NPS). Lub teb chaws tus qauv valve yog metric system, thiab American standard valve yog British system. Tus nqi ntawm metric DN yog raws li nram no: Tus nqi DN nyiam yog raws li nram no: DN10 (nominal inch 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN20, DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400, DN1600, DN18020, DN18020, DN18020 , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 Raws li GB / T1048-2005 tus qauv, lub nominal siab ntawm lub valve kuj yog ib qho kev qhia, sawv cev los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub cim "PN" thiab tus lej. Nominal siab (unit: Mpa Mpa) tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev suav cov hom phiaj, tsis yog ** qhov tseeb ntsuas tus nqi ntawm lub valve, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov nominal siab yog kom yooj yim cov specification ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm valve siab, hauv kev xaiv , tsim units, manufacturing units thiab siv units yog raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob ze lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev tsim ntawm nominal loj yog tib lub hom phiaj. Nominal siab muab faib ua European system (PN) thiab American system (> PN0.1 (nominal siab 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420 > Valve qauv npaj ua ntej Lub VALVE qauv yuav tsum feem ntau qhia lub valve hom, tsav hom, kev twb kev txuas daim ntawv, yam ntxwv yam ntxwv, sealing nto khoom, valve lub cev khoom thiab nominal siab thiab lwm yam Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv valve yog qhov yooj yim rau kev tsim, xaiv thiab muag cov li qub niaj hnub no, muaj ntau thiab ntau hom thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm li qub, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov li qub tau dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau dua txawm tias Tuam Tshoj muaj kev sib koom ua ke tus qauv ntawm valve qauv tsim, tab sis ntau thiab ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam valve qhov twg tsis tuaj yeem siv tus qauv ntawm lub valve tshiab, txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem npaj tau raws li lawv tus kheej xav tau yog muaj feem xyuam rau lub rooj vag li qub, throttle li qub, pob li qub, npauj npaim li qub, diaphragm li qub, plunger li qub, PLUG li qub, kos li qub, kev nyab xeeb li qub, siab txo li qub, ntxiab thiab lwm yam rau cov kav dej. Nws suav nrog tus qauv valve thiab lub npe valve. Valve qauv kev npaj tshwj xeeb Cov hauv qab no yog cov kab ke ntawm txhua tus lej hauv tus qauv valve qauv sau txoj kev: Valve qauv npaj ua ntu ntu Kev nkag siab daim duab sab laug yog thawj kauj ruam kom nkag siab txog ntau yam valve qauv. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv los muab kev nkag siab dav dav rau koj: Valve hom: "Z961Y-100> "Z" yog chav 1; "9" yog 2 units; "6" yog 3 units; "1" yog 4 units; "Y" yog rau 5 units; . Unit 1: Valve hom code Rau li qub nrog lwm yam kev ua haujlwm lossis nrog rau lwm yam tshwj xeeb, ntxiv ib lo lus Suav ua ntej lub valve hom code Rau cov tsiaj ntawv, raws li cov lus hauv qab no: Ob chav nyob: hom kis tau tus mob Unit 3: Kev sib txuas hom Chav Plaub: Cov qauv hom rooj vag valve qauv qauv qauv qauv qauv daim ntawv lis dej num rau lub ntiaj teb, throttle thiab plunger li qub