Ụkpụrụ ọgwụgwọ Valve cryogenic na ngwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ (abụọ) usoro nkwadebe ụdị valvụ zuru ezu eserese

Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke Valve cryogenic na ngwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ (abụọ) usoro nkwadebe ụdị valvụ zuru oke Usoro ọgwụgwọ cryogenic ka dị na mmalite nyocha. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, a na-amụ usoro cryogenic nke metal ferrous (ígwè na ígwè) nke ọma, ebe usoro cryogenic nke na-abụghị ferrous ọla na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịchaghị amụ, ọ bụghịkwa nke ọma, usoro nyocha nke dị ugbu a dabeere na ya. ígwè na ígwè ihe. Nkwacha microstructure na-eme ka ike na ike siri ike nke workpiece. Nke a na-ezokarị aka na nbibi nke slat martensite mbụ. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-eche na martensite lattice mgbe niile agbanweela. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na nnụcha microstructure bụ n'ihi ire ere nke martensite na mmiri ozuzo nke ezigbo carbides. Njikọ elu: Ụkpụrụ ọgwụgwọ Valve cryogenic na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ ya (1) 2. Usoro ọgwụgwọ cryogenic Usoro ọgwụgwọ cryogenic ka dị na mmalite nke nyocha. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, a na-amụ usoro cryogenic nke metal ferrous (ígwè na ígwè) nke ọma, ebe usoro cryogenic nke na-abụghị ferrous ọla na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịchaghị amụ, ọ bụghịkwa nke ọma, usoro nyocha nke dị ugbu a dabeere na ya. ígwè na ígwè ihe. 2.1 Cryogenic usoro nke ferrous alloy (steel) Na usoro nke cryogenic ọgwụgwọ nke ígwè na ígwè ihe, anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ nnyocha e dịtụ elu na omimi, na onye ọ bụla nwere ihu ọma ruru a otutu mmadu kwenyere, isi echiche bụ dị ka ndị a. 2.1.1 Ọdịda nke superfine carbides sitere na martensite, na-akpata mgbasawanye mgbasa, ekwenyela na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọmụmụ ihe niile. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na martensite bụ cryogenic na -196 ℃ na n'ihi ụda olu, lattice nke Fe The mgbe niile nwere ọchịchọ ibelata, si otú ahụ na-ewusi ike nke ikuku carbon atom. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na mgbasa ozi na-esiwanye ike karị na nkwụsị nke mgbasa ozi dị mkpụmkpụ na obere okpomọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ultrafine carbides gbasasịrị na-agbanye na matrix nke martensite. 2.1.2 Mgbanwe nke residual austenite Na obere okpomọkụ (n'okpuru ebe Mf), ihe fọdụrụ austenite decompositions na-agbanwe n'ime martensite, nke na-eme ka ike na ike nke workpiece dịkwuo mma. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na cryogenic jụrụ oyi nwere ike iwepụ ihe fọdụrụ austenite kpamkpam. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta chọpụtara na cryogenic jụrụ oyi nwere ike ibelata ọnụọgụ austenite fọdụrụnụ, mana enweghị ike iwepụ ya kpamkpam. A na-ekwenyekwa na cryogenic jụrụ oyi na-agbanwe ọdịdị, nkesa na substructure nke residual austenite, nke bara uru iji meziwanye ike na ike nke ígwè. 2.1.3 Nchacha nhazi nhazi nke microstructure na-eme ka ike na ike siri ike nke workpiece. Nke a na-ezokarị aka na nbibi nke slat martensite mbụ. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-eche na martensite lattice mgbe niile agbanweela. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na nnụcha microstructure bụ n'ihi ire ere nke martensite na mmiri ozuzo nke ezigbo carbides. 2.1.4 Mwepu mkpakọ nrụgide n'elu usoro jụrụ oyi nwere ike ime ka plastik na-asọba na ntụpọ (micropores, ntinye nrụgide n'ime). N'oge usoro ikpo ọkụ ahụ, a na-emepụta nrụgide fọdụrụnụ n'elu oghere ahụ, nke nwere ike ibelata mmebi nke ntụpọ ahụ na ike mpaghara nke ihe ahụ. Ihe kacha arụ ọrụ bụ mmelite nke nguzogide abrasive. 2.1.5 Ọgwụgwọ Cryogenic na-enyefe ike ike nke atom metal E nwere ihe abụọ na-ejikọta ọnụ na-eme ka atom dị nso na ike ike na-eme ka ha dị iche. Usoro ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na-enyefe ike nke kinetic n'etiti atom, si otú a na-eme ka atoms dịkwuo mma ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya mmekọahụ nke ígwè ahụ. 2.2 Usoro ọgwụgwọ Cryogenic nke alloys na-adịghị ferrous 2.2.1 Action usoro nke ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na cemented carbide A kọwawo na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nwere ike imeziwanye ike ike, ike mgbanwe, mmetụta siri ike na magnetik coercivity nke cemented carbide. Ma ọ na-eme ka permeability ya gbadaa. Dị ka nyocha, usoro nke ọgwụgwọ cryogenic bụ dị ka ndị a: ele mmadụ anya n'ihu A -- Co gbanwere ξ - Co site cryogenic ọgwụgwọ, na ụfọdụ residual compressive nrụgide na-eme na elu oyi akwa 2.2.2 Action usoro nke cryogenic ọgwụgwọ on. ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa dabeere alloys Li Zhicao et al. mụọ mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na microstructure na ihe onwunwe nke H62 brass. Nsonaazụ gosiri na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nwere ike ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke β-phase na microstructure, nke mere ka microstructure na-adịwanye mma, ma nwee ike imeziwanye ike na ike nke H62 brass. Ọ dịkwa uru iji belata nrụrụ, kwụsie ike nha ma melite arụmọrụ ịkpụ. Na mgbakwunye, Cong Jilin na Wang Xiumin et al. nke Mahadum Teknụzụ Dalian mụrụ gbasara ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nke ihe ndị sitere na Cu, ọkachasị CuCr50 vacuum switch kọntaktị ihe, nsonaazụ ya gosipụtara na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nwere ike ime ka microstructure nụchaa nke ọma, na enwere ihe nrịba ama n'otu n'otu na njikọta nke alloys abụọ ahụ. , na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe na-agbapụta n'elu ala abụọ ahụ. Ọ dị ka ihe omume nke carbide na-ebuli na oke ọka na matrix elu nke ígwè dị elu mgbe ọgwụgwọ cryogenic gasịrị. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe ọgwụgwọ cryogenic gasịrị, a na-emeziwanye nguzogide eletriki nke ihe kọntaktị oghere. Nsonaazụ nyocha nke ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nke electrode ọla kọpa na mba ndị ọzọ na-egosi na a na-emeziwanye ihe eletriki eletrik, a na-ebelata nrụrụ plastik nke njedebe ịgbado ọkụ, na ndụ ọrụ na-abawanye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro 9. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị ozizi doro anya banyere usoro nke ọla kọpa alloy, nke nwere ike ịsị na mgbanwe nke ọla kọpa alloy na ala okpomọkụ, nke yiri mgbanwe nke residual austenite ka martensite na ígwè, na ọka ukpụhọde. Mana usoro zuru ezu ekpebibeghị. 2.2.3 Mmetụta na usoro ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na ihe onwunwe nke alloys dabeere na nickel E nwere akụkọ ole na ole banyere ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nke nickel dabeere alloys. A na-akọ na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nwere ike imeziwanye plasticity nke nickel alloys ma belata mmetụta ha na-atụgharị uche na nchekasị. Nkọwa nke ndị na-ede akwụkwọ bụ na ntụrụndụ nrụgide nke ihe na-akpata site na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic, na microcracks na-etolite n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. 2.2.4 Mmetụta na usoro ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na Njirimara nke amorphous alloys N'ihe banyere mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na Njirimara nke amorphous alloys, Co57Ni10Fe5B17 ka a na-amụ na akwụkwọ, na a chọpụtara na cryogenic ọgwụgwọ nwere ike imeziwanye ihe mgbochi na-eyi na. ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe amorphous. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ kwenyere na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na-akwalite ntinye nke ihe ndị na-abụghị magnetik n'elu, na-eme ka mgbanwe nhazi dị ka ntụrụndụ nhazi n'oge crystallization. 2.2.5 Mmetụta na usoro ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na aluminum na aluminum alloy alloy Aluminom na aluminum alloy cryogenic nhazi nyocha bụ ebe dị ọkụ na nyocha nke ọgwụgwọ ụlọ cryogenic na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Li Huan na chuan-hai jiang et al. Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic nwere ike iwepụ nrụgide fọdụrụnụ nke aluminom silicon carbide composite material ma melite modulus nke elasticity, udo Shang Guang fang-wei jin na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic iji meziwanye akụkụ kwụsie ike nke alloy aluminum, belata nrụrụ machining. , na-emeziwanye ike na ike nke ihe onwunwe, Otú ọ dị, ha emeghị nchọpụta nhazi usoro na usoro metụtara ya, ma n'ozuzu kwenyere na nrụgide nke okpomọkụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo njupụta dislocation ma kpatara ya. Chen Ding et al. sitere na Central South University of Technology ji usoro nyocha nyocha mmetụta nke ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na njirimara nke alloys aluminom na-ejikarị. Ha chọtara ihe omume nke ntụgharị ọka nke aluminum alloys kpatara site na ọgwụgwọ cryogenic na nyocha ha, wee tụọ usoro usoro ike ume ọhụrụ nke cryogenic maka alloys aluminum. Dị ka ọkọlọtọ GB / T1047-2005 si kwuo, ọnụ ala nke valvụ bụ naanị ihe ịrịba ama, nke na-anọchite anya nchikota nke akara "DN" na nọmba. Ọnụọgụ ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ike ịbụ ọnụ ahịa dayameta valvụ a tụrụ atụ, yana ọnụ ahịa dayameta n'ezie nke valvụ ahụ bụ ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa ka akọwapụtara. Uru atụpụtara n'ozuzu (otu mm) agaghị abụ ihe na-erughị 95% nke uru nha aha. A na-ekewa nha aha aha n'ime usoro metrik (akara: DN) na sistemụ Britain (akara: NPS). valvụ ọkọlọtọ mba bụ sistemụ metrik, na valvụ ọkọlọtọ America bụ sistemụ Britain. N'okpuru nkwado nke mmepụta ihe, ime obodo, ** na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ, atụmanya nke ụlọ ọrụ valve ngwá ọrụ China na-emepụta ihe dị ukwuu, ụlọ ọrụ valve n'ọdịnihu **, ụlọ, imeziwanye ihe, ga-abụ isi ntụziaka nke mmepe ụlọ ọrụ valve n'ọdịnihu. Nchụso ihe ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu, mepụta ahịa ọhụrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ valvụ, iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ na-asọ mpi na-esiwanye ike na ụlọ ọrụ valvụ mgbapụta maka nlanarị na mmepe. N'ime mmepụta valve na nyocha na mmepe nke nkwado teknụzụ, valvụ ụlọ adịghị azụ azụ karịa valvụ mba ọzọ, n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na teknụzụ na ihe ọhụrụ nwere ike iji tụnyere ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa, mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ valve ụlọ na-aga n'ihu n'ihu. ntụziaka nke oge a. Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ valve na-aga n'ihu, ntinye nke oghere valve na-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye, na ọkọlọtọ valvụ kwekọrọ na-adịkwa mkpa karị. Ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ Valve abanyela n'oge ihe ọhụrụ, ọ bụghị naanị ụdị ngwaahịa ka a ga-emelite, njikwa ime ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ime ka ọ dịkwuo omimi dịka ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ siri dị. Ọnụ ala dayameta na nominal mgbali nke valvụ GB / T1047-2005 ọkọlọtọ, nominal dayameta nke valvụ bụ naanị akara, na-anọchi anya Nchikota akara "DN" na ọnụ ọgụgụ, nominal size enweghị ike ịbụ ** tụrụ valvụ dayameta uru, A na-akọwapụta ọnụ ahịa dayameta n'ezie nke valvụ ahụ site n'ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa, ọnụ ahịa a tụrụ atụ n'ozuzu (unit mm) agaghị abụ ihe na-erughị 95% nke ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ala. A na-ekewa nha aha aha n'ime usoro metrik (akara: DN) na sistemu Britain (akara: NPS). valvụ ọkọlọtọ mba bụ sistemụ metrik, na valvụ ọkọlọtọ America bụ sistemụ Britain. Uru nke metric DN bụ nke a: Uru DN kachasị amasị bụ ndị a: DN10 (ọnụọgụ ọnụ 10mm), DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN65, DN80, DN100, DN125, DN150, DN250, DN250, DN300, DN350, DN400, DN450, DN500, DN600, DN700, DN800, DN900, DN1000, DN1100, DN1200, DN1400,DN1600,DN1200,DN1800,DN1800,DN1200 , DN3000, DN3200, DN3500, DN4000 Dị ka GB/ T1048-2005 ọkọlọtọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nrụgide nke valvụ bụkwa ihe na-egosi, na-anọchi anya nchikota nke akara "PN" na nọmba. Enweghị ike iji nrụgide ọnụ (otu: Mpa Mpa) mee ihe maka mgbakọ na mwepụ, ọ bụghị ** ọnụahịa a tụrụ nke valvụ ahụ n'ezie, ebumnuche nke nguzobe nke nrụgide ọnụ bụ iji mee ka nkọwapụta nke ọnụ ọgụgụ valve valve dị mfe, na nhọrọ. , Ngalaba imewe, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ihe eji eme ihe na-adabere na ndokwa nke data dị nso na ụkpụrụ ahụ, nguzobe nke nha aha bụ otu nzube ahụ. A na-ekewa nrụgide ọnụ n'ime usoro Europe (PN) na usoro America (> PN0.1 (nrụgide ọnụ 0.1mpa), PN0.6, PN1.0, PN2.5, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN63/64 , PN100/110, PN150/160, PN260, PN320, PN420> Valve nlereanya nkwadebe okwu mmalite The valvụ nlereanya kwesịrị na-egosipụtakarị ụdị valvụ, ụgbọala mode, njikọ ụdị, structural e ji mara, akara n'elu ihe, valvụ ahụ ihe na nominal mgbali na ndị ọzọ. ihe nhazi nke ụdị valvụ dị mma maka nhazi, nhọrọ na ire valvụ ugbu a, a na-enwewanye ụdị na ihe ndị dị na valves, na usoro ihe nlereanya nke valves na-aghọwanye ihe mgbagwoju anya ọkọlọtọ nke ụkpụrụ ntọala valvụ, ma na-enweghị ike izute mkpa nke valvụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepe Ebe na-enweghị ike iji ọkọlọtọ nọmba nke ọhụrụ valvụ, onye ọ bụla na-emepụta nwere ike kwadebere dị ka ọkọlọtọ nke Valve Model Preparation Method ọdabara na valvụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá, valvụ strottle, valves bọl, valves nru ububa, valves diaphragm, valves valves, PLUG valves, valvụ nlele, valve nchekwa, nrụgide na-ebelata valves, ọnyà na ihe ndị ọzọ maka pipeline mmepụta ihe. Ọ na-agụnye ụdị valvụ na aha valve. Usoro nkwadebe kpọmkwem Valve Ihe na-esonụ bụ usoro eserese nke koodu ọ bụla n'ime usoro ederede valvụ ọkọlọtọ: Usoro nhazi usoro ihe ngosi Valve Ịghọta eserese dị n'aka ekpe bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ iji ghọta ụdị valvụ dị iche iche. Nke a bụ ọmụmaatụ iji nye gị nghọta n'ozuzu: Ụdị Valve: "Z961Y-100>"Z" bụ nkeji 1; "9" bụ nkeji 2; "6" bụ nkeji 3; "1" bụ nkeji 4; "Y" bụ maka nkeji 5; "100" bụ 6 nkeji; Nkeji 1: Ụdị valvụ Maka valves nwere ọrụ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ na usoro ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche, tinye okwu Chinese n'ihu koodu valvụ maka mkpụrụedemede mkpụrụedemede, dịka tebụl na-esonụ: nkeji abụọ: ọnọdụ nnyefe Nkebi 3: Ụdị njikọ nke anọ: Ụdị ihe owuwu ihe owuwu ụzọ valvụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá ụdị koodu Koodu nhazi maka globe, throttle na plunger valves