Kuwunika kwamavuto aukadaulo omwe amakumana nawo pakuyika ma valve ndikuyika m'malo mwamagetsi

Kuwunika kwamavuto aukadaulo omwe amakumana nawo pakuyika ma valve ndikuyika m'malo mwamagetsi Malo opangira ma valve ayenera kukhala osavuta kugwira ntchito; Ngakhale kukhazikitsa kuli kovuta kwakanthawi, ndikofunikira kuganizira ntchito yayitali ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo. Ndi bwino kutenga gudumu la valve ndi chifuwa (nthawi zambiri mamita 1.2 kuchokera pansi pa opaleshoni), kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsegula ndi kutseka valve. Ground valavu handwheel ayenera kukhala mmwamba, musapendekeke, kuti kupewa ntchito zovuta. Valavu ya makina a khoma imadalira zipangizo, komanso kusiya malo kuti woyendetsa ayime. Kupewa ntchito ya thambo, makamaka asidi ndi zamchere, poizoni TV, mwinamwake kwambiri osatetezeka. Valve yachipata sayenera kutembenuzidwa (ie gudumu lamanja pansi), mwinamwake sing'angayo idzasungidwa mu malo ophimba valavu kwa nthawi yaitali ... Kuyika ma valve Pamene valve yasankhidwa bwino, iyenera kuikidwa bwino, kusungidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito onjezerani mphamvu zake. Ubwino wa kukhazikitsa ma valve kumakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito, kotero kusamala kuyenera kulipidwa. (1) Mayendedwe ndi malo Ma valve ambiri ali ndi njira, monga globe valve, valve throttle valve, valve reduction valve, valve check valve, etc. sichigwira ntchito konse (monga valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga), kapena kuyambitsa ngozi (monga valavu yowunika). Mavavu General, zizindikiro mayendedwe pa valavu thupi; Ngati palibe, ziyenera kudziwika bwino molingana ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya valve. Chipinda cha valve cha valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi asymmetric, kotero kuti madzi amadzimadzi ayenera kudutsa pamtunda wa valve kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, kuti kukana kwamadzimadzi kumakhala kochepa (kutsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe), kupulumutsa ntchito yotseguka (chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwapakati. ), mutatha kutseka sing'anga sichimakakamiza kulongedza, kukonza kosavuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi siyingayikidwe. Ma valve ena ali ndi makhalidwe awoawo. Malo oyika ma valve ayenera kukhala osavuta kugwira ntchito; Ngakhale kukhazikitsa kuli kovuta kwakanthawi, ndikofunikira kuganizira ntchito yayitali ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo. Ndi bwino kutenga gudumu la valve ndi chifuwa (nthawi zambiri mamita 1.2 kuchokera pansi pa opaleshoni), kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsegula ndi kutseka valve. Ground valavu handwheel ayenera kukhala mmwamba, musapendekeke, kuti kupewa ntchito zovuta. Valavu ya makina a khoma imadalira zipangizo, komanso kusiya malo kuti woyendetsa ayime. Kupewa ntchito ya thambo, makamaka asidi ndi zamchere, poizoni TV, mwinamwake kwambiri osatetezeka. Chipata valavu musati m'mbuyo (ndiko, dzanja gudumu pansi), mwinamwake izo zipangitsa sing'anga anakhalabe mu valavu chivundikiro danga kwa nthawi yaitali, zosavuta dzimbiri tsinde, ndi zina ndondomeko zofunika taboo. Ndizovuta kwambiri kusintha zonyamula nthawi yomweyo. Tsegulani ma valve a zipata, musamayikire mobisa, apo ayi chinyontho chidzawononga tsinde lotseguka. Kwezani valavu cheke, unsembe kuonetsetsa kuti chimbale ofukula, kuti kukweza kusinthasintha. Mavavu a swing check ayenera kuikidwa ndi shaft yopingasa ya pini kuti azisinthasintha. Valavu yopumulira kupanikizika iyenera kuyikidwa molunjika paipi yopingasa, ndipo sayenera kupendekera mbali iliyonse. (2) Ntchito zomanga Kuyika ndi kumanga kuyenera kusamala, musamenye zinthu zowonongeka zopangidwa ndi valve. Musanakhazikitse, valavu iyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuti muwone zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndikuwona ngati pali kuwonongeka, makamaka pa tsinde. Komanso tembenuzirani kangapo kuti muwone ngati zakhota, chifukwa poyendetsa, ** zosavuta kugunda tsinde la valve. Komanso *** zinyalala valve. Vavu ikakwezedwa, chingwecho sichiyenera kumangirizidwa ku gudumu lamanja kapena tsinde kuti zisawonongeke mbalizi, koma ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku flange. Kwa payipi yolumikizidwa ndi valavu, onetsetsani kuti mwayeretsa. Mpweya woponderezedwa ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphulitsa iron oxide, mchenga, kuwotcherera slag ndi zinyalala zina. Izi sundries, osati zophweka zikande kusindikiza pamwamba pa valavu, kuphatikizapo lalikulu particles a sundries (monga kuwotcherera slag), komanso plugging valavu yaing'ono, kotero kuti amalephera. Kukhazikitsa wononga valavu, ayenera kusindikiza kusindikiza (ulusi ndi kutsogolera mafuta kapena ptfe yaiwisi lamba), phukusi mu chitoliro ulusi, musati valavu, kuti valavu kukumbukira mankhwala, zimakhudza otaya TV. Mukayika ma valve opangidwa ndi flanged, limbitsani mabawuti molingana komanso molingana. Mavavu flanges ndi flanges chitoliro ayenera kufanana, ndipo chilolezo ndi zomveka kupewa kupanikizika kwambiri kapena kusweka kwa valavu. Kwa zida zowonongeka ndi mphamvu zochepa za valve, makamaka chidwi. Vavu kuti welded ndi chitoliro ayenera malo-wotcherera poyamba, ndiye kutsegula kwathunthu kutseka mbali, ndiyeno welded mpaka imfa. (3) Malo otetezera Ma valve ena amafunanso chitetezo chakunja, chomwe ndi kutsekemera ndi kuzizira. Mapaipi otsata kutentha kwa nthunzi nthawi zina amawonjezedwa pagawo lotsekera. Ndi valavu yamtundu wanji yomwe iyenera kukhala insulated kapena kuzizira, malinga ndi zofunikira zopanga. Mfundo, kumene valavu sing'anga kuchepetsa kutentha kwambiri, zingakhudze kupanga dzuwa kapena valavu mazira, muyenera kusunga kutentha, kapena ngakhale kutentha; Kumene valavu poyera, chokhwima kupanga kapena kuyambitsa chisanu ndi zina zoipa zochitika, muyenera kuteteza kuzizira. Zida zotetezera ndi asibesitosi, ubweya wa slag, ubweya wa galasi, perlite, diatomite, vermiculite ndi zina zotero; Sungani zinthu zozizira zimakhala ndi cork, perlite, thovu, pulasitiki kuti mudikire. Mavavu amadzi ndi nthunzi omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ayenera kumasulidwa. (4) Njira zodutsa ndi zida Ma valve ena ali ndi zodutsa ndi ma geji kuwonjezera pa chitetezo chofunikira. Njira yodutsa imayikidwa kuti ithandizire kukonza msampha. Ma valve ena amaikidwanso ndi bypass. Kuyika kwa bypass kumadalira momwe ma valve alili, kufunikira kwake komanso zofunikira zopanga. (5) Kusintha kwa filler Stock mavavu, kulongedza kwina sikwabwino, ndipo ena sagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito media, zomwe zimafunikira m'malo mwake. Opanga mavavu sangaganizire kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi masauzande osiyanasiyana media, bokosi stuffing nthawi zonse wodzazidwa ndi kulongedza wamba, koma pamene ntchito, ayenera kulola filler ndi sing'anga kusintha. Mukasintha filler, kanikizani mozungulira mozungulira. Mgwirizano uliwonse wa mphete ndi woyenerera madigiri 45, mphete ndi mphete zimagwedeza madigiri 180. Kutalika kwa kulongedza kuyenera kuganizira chipinda chowonjezera kupsinjika kwa gland. Pakalipano, gawo lakumunsi la gland liyenera kukanikizidwa kukuya koyenera kwa chipinda cholongedza, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala 10-20% ya kuya kwa chipinda cholongedza. Kwa mavavu ofunikira, angle ya msoko ndi madigiri 30. Zolumikizana pakati pa mphetezo zimagwedezeka ndi madigiri 120. Kuphatikiza pa kulongedza pamwamba, komanso malinga ndi mmene zinthu zilili, mphira O mphete (chilengedwe mphira kukana 60 digiri Celsius ofooka alkali, butanol mphira kukana 80 digiri Celsius mankhwala mafuta, Fluorine mphira kugonjetsedwa ndi zosiyanasiyana zikuwononga TV pansipa. 150 digiri Celsius) mphete zitatu zosanjikizana za polytetrafluoroethylene (zosamva zowononga zowononga zosakwana madigiri 200 Celsius) mphete ya nayiloni (yosamva ammonia, alkali pansi pa 120 digiri Celsius) ndi zodzaza zina. Tepi yaiwisi ya polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) imakutidwa kunja kwa koyilo wamba ya asbesitosi, yomwe imatha kusintha kusindikiza ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa tsinde ndi electrochemical. Mukakanikiza kulongedza, tembenuzirani tsinde nthawi yomweyo kuti likhale lozungulira ndikupewa kufa kwambiri. Mangitsani chigambacho mofanana osati kupendekeka. Pali zizindikiro zingapo zoyezera khalidwe la valavu: kusindikiza kudalirika, mphamvu yoyankhira zochita, mphamvu, kuuma ndi moyo, ndi zina zotero. zofunika. Kuonetsetsa kuti zizindikirozi, mavuto akuluakulu otsatirawa ayenera kuthetsedwa poyamba. 1 Kuwongolera (onani kudalirika kwa machitidwe a valve) Kulephera kwa kayendedwe ka valve yaikulu ya nthunzi ndi kubwezeretsanso valavu ya nthunzi ndi imodzi mwa ngozi zisanu zazikulu za turbine, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka pakutsegula kwa valve sizigwirizana ndi mapangidwe, kuphatikizapo kulephera kwa njira yopatsirana, kutsogola kwa sitiroko ndi kuchedwa, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ndi kugwedezeka kwa valve. Kuwongolera kutsegulira kwa ma valve kumakhudza mwachindunji momwe ntchito ya injini ya nthunzi imagwirira ntchito, motero imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndipo yakhala imodzi mwamavuto ofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pophunzira za kudalirika kwa valve, valavu yanzeru ndiyo njira yaikulu ya kafukufuku, valavu yanzeru imakhala ndi ntchito yodziweruza yokha, komanso nthawi yeniyeni yodzilamulira. Chigawo chachikulu cha valve yanzeru ndi digito positioner. Digital positioner imagwiritsa ntchito microprocessor kuyika makina oyendetsa valve molondola, kuyang'anira ndi kulemba deta yoyenera ya valve. Mphamvu ya 2 (iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za moyo ndi kukhazikika) Kuyamba kawirikawiri kwa unit pa mphamvu ya valavu ndi moyo wautumiki wa valavu ndizodziwika kwambiri, makamaka ndi valve yolamulira ya turbine ya nthunzi, cholinga cha kafukufuku wakale. pa vuto la kuwongolera ma valve, tsopano zikuwoneka kuti mphamvu ya vutoli silinganyalanyazidwe. Carolann Giovando, wachiwiri kwa mkonzi wa magazini ya Power Engineering, akulemba kuti ochita kafukufuku sayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pazovuta zowongolera, koma mphamvu, moyo ndi kusindikiza, zomwe ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa valve. (1) Chifukwa cha kuyambika pafupipafupi kwa unit, valavu yayikulu ya nthunzi yoyambirira sangakwaniritse zofunikira zantchito zatsopano. Chifukwa valavu yayikulu ya nthunzi idapangidwa molingana ndi katundu woyambira, kapangidwe kake kokha molingana ndi kupanikizika kosasunthika, kutentha, kuwunika kwamphamvu kwake, palibe vuto la moyo wotopa wocheperako. Tsopano ntchito zogwirira ntchito zikusintha, mapangidwe oyambirira sangakwaniritse zofunikira. Choncho, m'pofunika kuganizira za moyo wotopa wochepa wotopa pakupanga mapangidwe, kuti mawonekedwe apangidwe agwirizane ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chokulitsa moyo. (2) Chifukwa cha kusalondola kwa kayendetsedwe ka sitiroko ya actuator, spool imakhala ndi mphamvu pampando. Pakhala mphamvu zomera mpando kugawikana, kugawanika chipika anathamangira mu chopangira magetsi, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamphamvu mu chopangira magetsi linanena bungwe, rotor kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa vuto. Kuonjezera apo, kwa ma valve othamanga kwambiri, komanso cavitation phenomenon, zolakwika zoyambirira za thupi la valve, thupi la valve pambuyo pa kusanthula kwa moyo wa ming'alu ndi kuneneratu ndizofunikanso kuphunzira. 3 kugwedeza kwa valve kusintha, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa actuator ndi kutayikira kwa valve ndizomwe zimayambitsa kugwedezeka, kuwonongeka kwa ma valve pawokha ndikochepa kwambiri, koma kukhudzidwa kwa gawo lonse ndikwabwino, pakutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa oscillation. Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa unityo kumagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ndi filimu ya mafuta oscillation, yomwe imapangidwa ndi filimu yamafuta yomwe imathandizira kunyamula mu ntchito yofulumira kapena yopanda katundu; Wina ndi steam oscillation, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuposa kusuntha kwa filimu yamafuta. Imanjenjemera ndi mphamvu yakukokera kwa nthunzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imachitika unityo itayikidwa. Kusintha kwa ma valve ndi kutayikira ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wovuta. Deta imasonyeza kuti United States ndi Germany ali ndi nthunzi oscillation ngozi ngozi, China zachitikanso 50 MW ndi 200 MW turbine ngozi ngozi chifukwa cha kusowa zenizeni nthawi deta mbiri, kotero chifukwa kulephera sangathe kudziŵika, koma amaganiziridwa kuti. kukhala ogwirizana ndi ma oscillation awiri otsika kwambiri. Choncho, kuthetsa ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthunzi ndikofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimadalira kufufuza mwadongosolo kusintha kwa ma valve otsegula ndi mphamvu zotsitsimutsa zomwe zimatuluka. Kuthekera kwa kugwedezeka kwa nthunzi kumatha kuchepetsedwa popanga bwino valavu yotsegulira ndi kutseka sitiroko. 4 Kutayikira (kutuluka kwamkati ndi kutuluka kunja) (1) Kutaya sikungoyambitsa kugwedezeka, komanso kumayambitsa kuipitsa ndi kutaya mphamvu. Kuti athetse vuto lotayikira, pamlingo wina, dongosololi limatha kupewa kugwedezeka, komanso kutalikitsa moyo wa zida, kukonza magwiridwe antchito. (2) Moyo wa valve yothamanga kwambiri ya unit supercritical nthawi zina imakhala yochepa kwambiri, ndipo kulongedza kuyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo poyambira kangapo. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuyika kwatsopano kosindikizira kapena kupanga mawonekedwe atsopano osindikizira kuti atalikitse moyo ndikuwongolera kudalirika kwa magwiridwe antchito amtundu woterewu. - Pakalipano, mlingo wa ma valve athunthu ukupitirizabe kuyenda bwino, kuti athetse mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa bwino, kuti atsimikizire kuti ma valve akugwira ntchito bwino komanso khalidwe labwino.