Chidziwitso choyambirira cha kukhazikitsa ma valve okonza ma valve ayenera kulabadira nkhani ndi tsatanetsatane

Chidziwitso choyambirira cha kukhazikitsa ma valve okonza ma valve ayenera kulabadira nkhani ndi zambiri Pakalipano, magawo aukadaulo a valve opangidwa padziko lapansi, mawonekedwe a chitseko ndi ochepa mpaka 1 mm mpaka 9750 mm; Kupanikizika kwa ma valve kumachokera ku ultra-high vacuum 1 x10-10 MMHG kupita ku ultra-high pressure 14,600 atmospheres. Vavu ntchito kutentha kuyambira -270 ℃ kuti kopitilira muyeso-mkulu kutentha 1200 ℃ ndipo ngakhale 3430 ℃. Vavu sing'anga liwiro 11 nthawi supersonic liwiro; Vavuni nthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka kwa 1 / 1000 ~ masekondi a 5, kutuluka kwa valve ku 1 x10-10CC / sekondi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malo otsekemera 300 patapita zaka zosachepera 1 CC. Kupanga kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa magawo aukadaulo a valavu, mawonekedwe a chitseko kuyambira ang'ono mpaka 1 mm mpaka 9750 mm; Kupanikizika kwa ma valve kumachokera ku ultra-high vacuum 1 x10-10 MMHG kupita ku ultra-high pressure 14,600 atmospheres. Vavu ntchito kutentha kuyambira -270 ℃ kuti kopitilira muyeso-mkulu kutentha 1200 ℃ ndipo ngakhale 3430 ℃. Vavu sing'anga liwiro 11 nthawi supersonic liwiro; Vavuni nthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka kwa 1 / 1000 ~ masekondi a 5, kutuluka kwa valve ku 1 x10-10CC / sekondi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malo otsekemera 300 patapita zaka zosachepera 1 CC. Zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambazi, mwa zoyesayesa za anthu, padzakhala zopambana. Zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimapangidwira valavu, kuthamanga kwadzina, mgwirizano pakati pa kupanikizika kwa ntchito ndi kutentha kwa ntchito, ndi sing'anga wamba wa valve. Zina mwazofunikira zili ndi masikelo adziko lonse komanso unduna. M'mimba mwake mwadzina la njira yolowera ndi yotuluka ya valavu imatchedwa m'mimba mwake mwadzina la valavu. Ikuyimiridwa ndi Dg (Dn yoyeserera), mu millimeters (mm). The awiri mwadzina valavu amatchulidwa mu muyezo dziko GB1074-70. Mitundu yambiri ya ma valve ikuwonetsedwa mu Table 1-1. Muzochitika zachilendo, kutalika kwadzina kwa valve kumagwirizana ndi mainchesi enieni. Pali chodabwitsa kuti m'mimba mwake mwadzina sagwirizana ndi mainchesi enieni a valve yoponyedwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani othamanga kwambiri amafuta ndi mafuta. Kuthamanga mwadzina kwa valve kumatchedwa kuthamanga mwadzina kwa valve. Imawonetsedwa ndi Pg (muyezo wadziko lonse umasonyezedwa ndi PN, chigawo choponderezedwa ndi bar), ndipo unit ndi kg mphamvu / cm2 (kgf / cm2). Ngati Pg16 yalembedwa pa valve, kuthamanga kwadzina kwa valve ndi 16 kg mphamvu / masentimita 2. Kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kwa valve kumatchulidwa mumtundu wa GB1048-70 wa dziko. Ma valve othamanga mwadzina akuwonetsedwa mu Table 1-2. Kuthamanga kwenikweni kwa valve nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kuthamanga kwadzina kwa valve, komwe kumapangidwira kulingalira za chitetezo. Mu kuyesa kwa mphamvu ya valve, malingana ndi malire omwe analonjezedwa kuti apitirire kupanikizika kwadzina, m'malo ogwirira ntchito a valve, amagawanika kwambiri pa ntchito yokakamiza, nthawi zambiri amasankha zochepa kuposa mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Chachitatu, mgwirizano pakati pa kupanikizika kwa ntchito ya valve ndi kutentha kwa ntchito ya valavu muzochitika zogwirira ntchito kumatchedwa kuthamanga kwa valve, komwe kumagwirizana ndi zinthu ndi kutentha kwapakati pa valavu. . Wotchulidwa ndi P, chithunzi chomwe chili kumunsi kumanja kwa mawu a P ndi kutentha kwakukulu komwe kugawidwa ndi 10 quotient integer. Mwachitsanzo, P42 imasonyeza kupanikizika kwa valve sing'anga pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 425 ℃. Vavu ntchito kutentha ndi lolingana pazipita ntchito kuthamanga kusintha tebulo amatchedwa kutentha ndi kuthamanga tebulo. Onani Table 1-3, 4, 5. Chitsanzo cha ntchito: mphamvu ya 40kg/cm 2 carbon steel valve mu sing'anga yogwira ntchito kutentha kwa 425 ℃ pa payipi, kuthamanga kwake kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pa tebulo 1- 3 mpweya zitsulo ndime, pezani kutentha ntchito 425 ℃ gululi kuyang'ana pansi, ndiyeno fufuzani mwadzina kuthamanga ndime ya 40 kg mphamvu/cm 2 gululi kuyang'ana pansi, Nambala pa mphambano ya zigawo ziwiri ndi Kuthamanga kwakukulu kogwira ntchito kwa valve iyi ya carbon steel P4222 kg mphamvu / masentimita 2 Sing'anga wamba wa valve ndi chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga ndi kusankha valavu. Momwe mungamvetsere "vavu wamba wamba" chonde werengani chitsanzo cha ma valve ndi buku loletsa kutupa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza mavavu Chidziwitso: Kuyika valavu kuyenera kumvetsera nkhani ndi tsatanetsatane wa malo oyika valavu, ziyenera kukhala zosavuta ntchito: ngakhale unsembe wa mavuto osakhalitsa, komanso kulamulira ntchito yaitali ya ndodo. Ndibwino kuti valve handwheel igwirizane ndi chifuwa (nthawi zambiri mamita 1.2 kutali ndi malo opangira opaleshoni), kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsegula ndi kutseka valve. Ground valve handwheel iyenera kukhala yokwera, osapendekeka, kuti isagwire ntchito movutikira. Makina a khoma amadalira valavu ya zipangizo, komanso kusiya malo kuti woyendetsa ayime. Asanakhazikitsidwe, valavu iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti iwonetsetse ndondomeko ndi mtundu ndikuwona ngati pali kuwonongeka, makamaka kwa tsinde la valve. Ubwino wa kukhazikitsa valavu zimakhudza mwachindunji ntchito, choncho tiyenera kwenikweni kulabadira izo. (1) Mayendedwe ndi malo Ma valve ambiri ali ndi njira, monga ma valve a globe, ma valve othamanga, ma valve ochepetsera, ma valve oyendera, ndi zina zotero, ngati atatembenuzidwa, zidzakhudza momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito ndi moyo (monga ma valve otsekemera), kapena osasintha. ntchito (monga kuchepetsa mavavu), ndipo ngakhale kuyambitsa ngozi (monga ma valve cheke). Vavu wamba, chizindikiro chowongolera pathupi la valve; Ngati sichoncho, chiyenera kukhala molingana ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito ya valve, chizindikiritso cholondola. Chipinda cha valve cha valavu ya globe ndikulakwitsa kunena kuti madziwo ayenera kutulutsidwa kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba kudzera pa doko la valve, kuti kukana kwamadzimadzi kumakhala kochepa (kutsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe), kutsegula mphamvu yopulumutsa (chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwapakati). mmwamba), sing'anga yotsekedwa siyikakamiza kulongedza, yosavuta kuyesa, ndichifukwa chake valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi siyingatembenuzidwe. Ma valve ena amakhalanso ndi makhalidwe awo. Vavu unsembe udindo, ayenera kukhala zosavuta ntchito: ngakhale unsembe wa mavuto osakhalitsa, komanso kulamulira ntchito yaitali ya ndodo. Ndibwino kuti valve handwheel igwirizane ndi chifuwa (nthawi zambiri mamita 1.2 kutali ndi malo opangira opaleshoni), kuti zikhale zosavuta kutsegula ndi kutseka valve. Ground valve handwheel iyenera kukhala yokwera, osapendekeka, kuti isagwire ntchito movutikira. Makina a khoma amadalira valavu ya zipangizo, komanso kusiya malo kuti woyendetsa ayime. Kupewa kusokoneza kukwera, makamaka asidi ndi zamchere, poizoni TV, apo ayi si otetezeka. Musatembenuze chipata (ie dzanja gudumu pansi), apo ayi sing'anga adzasungidwa mu bonnet danga kwa nthawi yaitali, zosavuta kukokoloka kwa tsinde, ndi zina ndondomeko zofunika contraindicated. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'malo filler ndi zoipa kwambiri. Tsegulani valavu yachipata, musamayikire mobisa, apo ayi chifukwa cha kunyowa ndi kukokoloka kwa tsinde. Kwezani valavu cheke, unsembe kuonetsetsa kuti chimbale ofukula, kuti kusintha kukweza. Swing cheke mavavu, pamene anaika kuonetsetsa kuti pini mlingo, kuti kusintha kugwedezeka. Vavu yochepetsera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa chitoliro chopingasa, ndipo osapendekera mbali iliyonse. (2) homuweki yomanga Kuyika ndi kumanga kuyenera kusamala, musamenye valavu yopangidwa ndi zida zophulika. Asanakhazikitsidwe, valavu iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti iwonetsetse ndondomeko ndi mtundu ndikuwona ngati pali kuwonongeka, makamaka kwa tsinde la valve. Komanso pukutani kangapo kuti muwone ngati yakhota, chifukwa poyenda, n'zosavuta kugunda tsinde la valve yokhotakhota. Komanso kuchotsa zinyalala mu valavu. Pokweza valavu, chingwe sichiyenera kumangiriridwa pamanja kapena tsinde kuti zisawonongeke ku zigawozi, ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku flange. Kwa mavavu olumikizidwa ndi payipi, onetsetsani kuti mwayeretsa. Mpweya woponderezedwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphulitsa tchipisi tachitsulo okusayidi, mchenga, kuwotcherera slag ndi zinyalala zina. Izi sundries, osati scrape mosavuta kusindikiza pamwamba valavu, pakati waukulu particles wa sundries (monga kuwotcherera slag), komanso pulagi valavu yaing'ono, kotero kuti amalephera. Mukayika valavu ya wononga, kusindikiza kusindikiza (hemp ndi aluminiyamu mafuta kapena lamba wa polytetrafluoroethylene yaiwisi) kuyenera kukulungidwa pa ulusi wa chitoliro, osalowa mu valve, kuti mupewe kukumbukira mankhwala a valve, zomwe zimakhudza kuyenda bwino kwa sing'anga. . Mukayika ma valve opangidwa ndi flanged, samalani kuti muzimitsa ma bolts molingana komanso molingana. Vavu flange ndi chitoliro flange ayenera kufanana, wololera chilolezo, kuti kupewa kupsyinjika kwambiri ndi ngakhale kusweka kwa valavu. Kwa zida zowonongeka ndi mavavu amphamvu otsika, makamaka tcherani khutu. Ma valavu oti aziwotcherera ndi mapaipi ayenera kukhala owotcherera poyambira, kenako magawo osindikizira ayenera kutsegulidwa kwathunthu, kenako amawotcherera afa. (3) Njira zodzitetezera Mavavu ena ayeneranso kukhala ndi chitetezo chakunja, chomwe ndi kutchinjiriza ndi kuziziritsa. Nthawi zina mizere ya nthunzi yotentha imawonjezedwa ku zotsekera. Ndi valavu yamtundu wanji yomwe iyenera kukhala insulated kapena kuzizira, malinga ndi zofunikira zopanga. Mfundo, kumene sing'anga mu valavu kuchepetsa kutentha kwambiri, zidzakhudza kupanga dzuwa kapena valavu mazira, muyenera kusunga kutentha, kapena kusakaniza kutentha; Kumene mavavu oonekera, chokhwima kupanga kapena kuyambitsa chisanu ndi zina chokhwima zochitika, m'pofunika kusunga ozizira. Zida zotetezera ndi asibesitosi, ubweya wa slag, ubweya wagalasi, perlite, diatomite, vermiculite, etc.; Zida zoziziritsa zikuphatikizapo Nkhata Bay, perlite, thovu, pulasitiki ndi zina zotero. (4) Bypass ndi chida Ma valve ena, kuwonjezera pa njira zodzitetezera, amakhalanso ndi bypass ndi zida. Njira yodutsa idayikidwa. Yabwino kuyang'ana msampha. Ma valve ena, omwe amaikidwanso ndi bypass. Kaya muyike bypass, zimatengera momwe ma valve alili, kufunikira kwake komanso zofunikira zopanga. (5) kulongedza m'malo valavu Inventory, kulongedza kwina si kwabwino, ena pogwiritsa ntchito media sagwirizana, izi ziyenera kusintha kulongedza. Opanga mavavu sangaganizire kugwiritsa ntchito masauzande masauzande a media osiyanasiyana, bokosi lodzaza nthawi zonse limadzazidwa ndi mizu wamba, koma ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kupanga chodzaza kuti chizolowerane ndi sing'anga. Mukasintha filler, kanikizani mozungulira mozungulira. Msoko uliwonse wa mphete mpaka madigiri 45 ndi woyenera, mphete ndi mphete yotsegula madigiri 180. Kutalika kwapang'onopang'ono kuyenera kuganizira za chipinda choti gland itengere kukakamiza. Pakadali pano, gawo lakumunsi la gland liyenera kuloledwa kukanikiza chipinda chonyamulira mpaka kuya koyenera, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatha kukhala 10-20% ya kuya kwathunthu kwa chipinda cholongedza. Kwa mavavu ofunikira kwambiri, Angle yolumikizana ndi madigiri 30. Msoko pakati pa mphetezo umagwedezeka ndi madigiri 120. Kuwonjezera pa fillers pamwamba, komanso malinga ndi tsatanetsatane, ntchito mphira O-mphete (chilengedwe mphira kukana m'munsimu 60 digiri Celsius ofooka alkali, butadiene mphira kukana m'munsimu 80 digiri Celsius makhiristo mafuta, Fluorine mphira kukana m'munsimu 150 digiri Celsius a zosiyanasiyana kukokoloka media) mphete zitatu zopingasa polytetrafluoroethylene (kukana pansi pa 200 digiri Celsius mwamphamvu kukokoloka media) mphete ya nayiloni (kukana kuchepera 120 digiri Celsius ammonia, alkali) ndi zopangira zina. Tepi ya polytetrafluoroethylene yaiwisi yaiwisi imakutidwa kunja kwa chimbale cha asbestos wamba, chomwe chingapangitse kusindikiza komanso kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa electrochemical kwa tsinde la valve. Mukakanikiza zokometsera, pindani tsinde la valve nthawi yomweyo kuti musunge pafupifupi, ndikupewa kufa kwambiri, limbitsani chithokomiro kuti chigwire mwamphamvu, osati kupendekera.