M'sitolo yaposachedwa yokonza ma hydraulic, ndinafunsidwa zomwe ndikuganiza za valavu yodzipatula pamzere wothira pampu komanso ngati kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yamtengo wapatali ya mpira m'malo mwa valve ya butterfly yotsika mtengo. Muzu wa vuto ili ndi zotsatira zoipa za chipwirikiti mu mzere wokokera mpope. Mtsutso wogwiritsa ntchito valavu ya mpira ngati valavu yodzipatula kwa chitoliro cholowera ndikuti ikatsegulidwa, valavu yonseyo imalola mafuta kuyenda. Choncho, ngati muyika valavu ya mpira wa 2-inch mu mzere wa 2-inch, pamene valavu imatsegulidwa, idzakhala ngati palibe konse (makamaka kuchokera pakuwona mafuta).
Kumbali inayi, mavavu agulugufe sakhala odzaza. Ngakhale atatsegulidwa kwathunthu, agulugufe amakhalabe m'dzenjemo ndipo amawonetsa zoletsa zina za mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Izi zimayambitsa chipwirikiti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wosungunuka utuluke mu njira yothetsera mutoliro. Izi zikachitika, thovuli limaphulika pamene kukakamiza kumayikidwa pa pompu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ma valve a butterfly angayambitse cavitation.
Ndiye chomwe chili chabwino: valavu ya mpira kapena valavu ya butterfly? Chabwino, monga mavuto ambiri mu hydraulic systems, zimatengera. M'dziko langwiro, nthawi zonse ndimasankha mavavu a mpira pamaso pa agulugufe. Kwa mapaipi olowera mpaka mainchesi atatu m'mimba mwake, palibe kutayika kwa mtengo kutero.
Komabe, mukalowetsa mainchesi 4, 6 inchi, ndi mainchesi 8, mavavu ampira amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mavavu agulugufe. Amatenganso malo ochulukirapo, makamaka kutalika konse. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, muzogwiritsira ntchito mafoni, osati mtengo wokhawokha wa valavu yaikulu ya mpira ukhoza kukhala wokwera kwambiri, koma sipangakhale malo okwanira pakati pa tanki ndi pompo kuti ayike.
Pali njira yachitatu. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti valavu yodzipatula ya chitoliro ndiyofunikira, koma kwenikweni sichoncho, koma pali zochepa chabe.
Funso loyamba lomwe limabwera poyankha vutoli ndi momwe mungasinthire mpope ngati palibe valve yodzipatula pamzere wolowera. Pali mayankho awiri pa izi. Choyamba, ngati mpope walephera mwatsoka ndipo mukuchita "zoyenera", muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngolo yosefera kuti mutenge mafuta mu thanki ndikuyika mu chidebe choyera kapena chidebe china choyenera. Tanki yamafuta iyenera kutsukidwa bwino, mpope uyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo ngolo yosefera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mafuta (poganiza kuti akadalipo) kubwerera ku thanki.
Chotsutsa chachikulu pa izi ndi: O, tilibe nthawi yochitira izi!q kapena pTilibe ng'oma 10, 20, kapena zambiri zoyera.q Kwa iwo amene sakufuna kuti ntchitoyo ichitike bwino, yankho limodzi ndi Kusindikiza zilembo zonse. Zigawo zotha kulowa mu thanki pamwamba pa thanki, ndikulumikiza chotsukira chotsukira cha mafakitale ku gawo lopumira la chopumira cha thanki. Yatsani chotsukira chotsuka polowa m'malo mwa mpope, ndiyeno bwerezani zochitikazo pamene zinyalala zochokera pakulephera kwa pampu komaliza zidapangitsa kuti mpope wolowa m'malo ulephereke.
Inde, pali zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali mapampu angapo akuyamwa mu thanki imodzi, kapena kupopa magaloni 3,000 amafuta mu thanki sikofunikira. Nthawi zina valavu yodzipatula ya chitoliro ndiyofunikira. Ngati ndi choncho, ndi bwino kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi masiwichi oyandikira kuti ateteze mpope kuti ayambe pamene valve yatsekedwa.
Ngati ndi kotheka, njira yomwe ndimakonda ndiyo kukhazikitsa valavu ya mpira kapena valavu yagulugufe. Ngati mukuyenera kukhala nayo, ngati mtengo kapena malo sizovuta, gwiritsani ntchito valavu ya mpira. Komabe, ngati pali vuto ndi aliyense wa iwo, ndiye valavu gulugufe ndi njira yokhayo.
Nthawi zambiri, mavavu agulugufe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma valve odzipatula pampu. Zofukula zazikulu zama hydraulic ndi chitsanzo chofala. Amakhala ndi mapampu angapo oti aziyamwa mu thanki yayikulu kudzera papaipi yayikulu yolowera, ndipo palibe malo ochulukirapo - zigawo zonse zimapatula njira yomwe amakonda kwambiri (palibe valavu kapena valavu ya mpira).
Sindikukumbukira kuti ndinawonapo mpope pa chofukula chachikulu cha hydraulic popanda kuwonongeka kwa cavitation, komwe kumatha kuonedwa ngati kuvala kwanthawi zonse pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kodi cavitation iyi yawonongeka chifukwa cha chipwirikiti chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi valavu ya gulugufe? N’zoona kuti zingatheke, koma palinso zinthu zina zambiri zimene zingayambitse. Njira yokhayo yotsimikizirika ndikufanizira mapampu awiri omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana - imodzi ndi valve ya butterfly ndi ina yopanda valve ya butterfly.
Brendan Casey ali ndi zaka zopitilira 20 pakukonza, kukonza ndi kukonza zida zam'manja ndi mafakitale. Zambiri zokhuza kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikuwonjezera…
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-08-2021
