Pampu yamakina, kusankha koyenera ndi mpope, kusankha kolakwika ndi valavu yamapampu angozi ndi zida zapaipi zoletsa kuzizira

Pampu yamakina, kusankha koyenera ndi mpope, kusankha kolakwika ndi valavu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi zida zapaipi zoletsa kuzizira. Makampani amafuta ndi mankhwala amakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pazachuma chadziko, ndipo mpope wopangira mankhwala ngati chida chofunikira kwambiri. kupatsidwa chisamaliro chochulukirapo. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ovuta a sing'anga yamankhwala, kuphatikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa zofunikira pakuteteza chilengedwe, tingasankhe bwanji mtundu wa mpope wamankhwala? Zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi zina ndizofunika kwambiri. Xiaobian kuti alankhule nanu za kusankha pampu yamankhwala ayenera kulabadira zinthu! Zindikirani chimodzi: kukana dzimbiri Kuwononga nthawi zonse kwakhala kumodzi mwa zoopsa za zida zama mankhwala. Ngati simusamala, zidazo zidzawonongeka, ndipo zolemetsa zidzayambitsa ngozi kapena masoka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, pafupifupi 60% ya kuwonongeka kwa zida zamakina zimayamba chifukwa cha dzimbiri, chifukwa chake tiyenera kulabadira zasayansi zakusankha zakuthupi posankha mpope wamankhwala. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusamvetsetsana kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi "zinthu", mosasamala kanthu za zomwe sing'anga ndi chilengedwe zikugwira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, izi ndizowopsa. Zotsatirazi kwa ena wamba mankhwala sing'anga kulankhula za mfundo zazikulu kusankha zinthu: 1, asidi sulfuric, Monga mmodzi wa amphamvu zikuwononga TV, asidi sulfuric ndi zosunthika kwambiri ndi zofunika mafakitale zopangira. Zosiyana ndende ndi kutentha kwa asidi sulfuric pa dzimbiri chuma kusiyana ndi lalikulu, chifukwa ndende oposa 80%, kutentha ndi zosakwana 80 ℃ anaikira sulfuric acid, mpweya zitsulo ndi chitsulo kuponyedwa bwino dzimbiri kukana, koma si oyenera kuthamanga kwambiri kwa sulfuric acid, osati koyenera papampu ya valve; Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri wamba monga 304(0Cr18Ni9), 316(0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti) chilinso ndi ntchito yochepa ya sulfuric acid medium. Choncho, valavu yapampu yotumizira sulfuric acid nthawi zambiri imakhala yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo chachitsulo (kuponyera ndi kukonza zovuta), chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (No. anthu. Fluorine pulasitiki aloyi ali wabwino kwambiri sulfuric acid kukana, ndi Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry patent zakuthupi, ndi Chinese Academy of Sciences kuyesera anatsimikizira kuti palibe sing'anga mankhwala akhoza kuchita ndi izo, kotero ntchito fluorine alimbane mpope (F46) ndi kusankha kwachuma. 2, hydrochloric acid Zida zambiri zazitsulo sizigonjetsedwa ndi hydrochloric acid corrosion (kuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri), ferrosilicon yokhala ndi molybdenum ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito 50 ℃, 30% pansi pa hydrochloric acid. Mosiyana ndi zipangizo zitsulo, zipangizo ambiri sanali zitsulo ndi zabwino dzimbiri kukana hydrochloric asidi, kotero mizere mpope mphira ndi mpope pulasitiki (monga mapulasitiki engineering, mapulasitiki fluorine, etc.) ndi kusankha bwino kunyamula asidi hydrochloric. 3, nitric asidi General zitsulo zambiri mofulumira dzimbiri mu asidi nitric, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nitric acid kukana zipangizo, ndende zonse nitric asidi kutentha firiji ndi zabwino dzimbiri kukana, tiyenera kunena kuti molybdenum munali zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (monga 316, 316L) kukana dzimbiri kwa nitric acid sikwabwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (monga 304, 321), nthawi zina choyipa kwambiri. Pa kutentha kwa nitric acid, fluorine pulasitiki alloy chuma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. 4, asidi asidi, Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zowononga kwambiri mu organic zidulo. Chitsulo wamba chidzaipitsidwa kwambiri mu asidi acetic wa ndende zonse ndi kutentha. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chosamva acetic acid, ndipo molybdenum 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndikuchepetsa nthunzi ya asidi. Pakuti kutentha mkulu ndende asidi asidi kapena munali zina zowononga sing'anga ndi zina zofunika nkhanza, akhoza kusankha mkulu aloyi zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo kapena fulorini pulasitiki mpope. Monga CQB maginito mpope, CQ zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo maginito mpope. 5. Base (sodium hydroxide) Nthawi zambiri zowononga si zamphamvu kwambiri, koma njira yonse ya alkali idzatulutsa crystallization, kotero mutha kusankha FSB mtundu wa fluoroalloy alkali mpope ndi chisindikizo cha silika graphite 169. 6. Ammonia (ammonia hydroxide) Kuwonongeka kwazitsulo zambiri ndi zopanda zitsulo mu ammonia yamadzimadzi ndi ammonia (ammonia hydroxide) ndizochepa kwambiri. Zosakaniza zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa zokha siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Panthawi imeneyi, CQF engineering pulasitiki maginito mpope, FSB fulorini aloyi centrifugal mpope bwino. 7. Madzi amchere (madzi a m'nyanja) Wamba chitsulo mu sodium kolorayidi njira ndi madzi a m'nyanja, madzi dzimbiri madzi mchere si mkulu kwambiri, kawirikawiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo utoto; Mitundu yonse ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhalanso ndi dzimbiri lotsika kwambiri, koma zimatha kuyambitsa dzimbiri m'deralo chifukwa cha ayoni a kloridi, nthawi zambiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 316 zimakhala bwino. 8, mowa, ketoni, esters, ethers Common mowa sing'anga monga methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ketone, monga sing'anga, pali mitundu yonse ya methyl ester sing'anga, ethyl ester, ethers media monga methyl ether, butyl. ether, zoyambira zawo osati zamphamvu zowononga, kotero onse amatha kusankha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kusankha konkriti kuyeneranso kutengera zofunikira za dielectric ndi zofananira kupanga chisankho choyenera. Kuonjezera apo, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ketone, ester ndi ether zimasungunuka ku mphira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pewani zolakwika posankha zipangizo zosindikizira. Ndi bwino kusankha zochita kupanga losindikizidwa fulorini pulasitiki maginito mpope. Pali ena ambiri TV sangathe anayambitsa mu mmodzimmodzi, mwachidule, mu kusankha zipangizo sayenera mwachisawawa ndi akhungu, ayenera kufunsira zambiri zogwirizana kapena kuphunzira okhwima zinachitikira. Zindikirani ziwiri: Vuto la pampu yamagetsi Palibe kutayikira ndiko kufunafuna kwamuyaya kwa zida zama mankhwala, ndipo izi ndizomwe zathandizira kuti pampu yamagetsi ichuluke. Komabe, pali njira yayitali yoti mupitirire kuti musatayike, monga moyo wautumiki wa manja odzipatula pampu yamagetsi, dzimbiri lazinthu, kudalirika kwa chisindikizo chokhazikika ndi zina zotero. Zina mwazofunikira zokhudzana ndi kusindikiza zikufotokozedwa mwachidule motere: 1. Fomu yosindikiza Kuti asindikize osasunthika, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu iwiri yokha ya gasket ndi mphete yosindikiza, ndipo mphete yosindikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu O-ring. Kwa chisindikizo chosunthika, chisindikizo chonyamula pampu yamakina, sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsogozedwa ndi chisindikizo chomakina, chisindikizo chomakina ndi nkhope imodzi ndi nkhope yapawiri, mawonekedwe ofananirako komanso osafanana, mtundu wofananira ndi woyenera kusindikiza kwa sing'anga yapamwamba kwambiri (nthawi zambiri Amatanthauza kupanikizika kwakukulu kuposa 1.0 MPa), makina osindikizira amaso awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, kosavuta kuyeretsa, kukhuthala, komanso sing'anga yapoizoni yosakhazikika, kuphatikizapo tinthu tating'onoting'ono; ndipo kupanikizika kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kuthamanga kwapakati 0.07 ~ 0.1MPa. 2. Kusindikiza zakuthupi Chemical maginito mpope malo amodzi chisindikizo zakuthupi amagwiritsa fluorine mphira, milandu yapadera ntchito PTFE zakuthupi; Kusintha kwazinthu za mphete zosindikizira zamakina ndizofunikira kwambiri, osati aloyi yolimba pa aloyi yolimba ndi yabwino, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mbali imodzi, awiriwo alibe kuuma kovutirako sikuli koyenera, kotero ndi bwino kusankhana molingana ndi mawonekedwe. wa sing'anga. Zindikirani zitatu: vuto la viscosity Kukhuthala kwa sing'anga kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a mpope. Pamene mamasukidwe akayendedwe akuwonjezeka, pampu mutu pamapindikira akutsika, ndi mutu ndi kuyenda mu ntchito bwino zikhalidwe zimachepa, pamene mphamvu akukwera moyenerera, kotero dzuwa amachepetsa. Nthawi zambiri, magawo omwe ali pachitsanzocho ndi kayendetsedwe ka madzi oyera, ndipo kutembenuka kuyenera kuchitika ponyamula ma viscous media (chonde onani tchati chosinthira chomwe chikuyenera kuwongolera ma coefficients a viscosity yosiyana). Pakuti mayendedwe apamwamba mamasukidwe akayendedwe slurry, phala ndi viscous madzi, Ndi bwino kusankha matope mpope. Mfundo yosankha pampu Pakuyika zida, kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ndi magawo a magwiridwe antchito ndikusankha mtundu wa mpope. Chosankha ichi choyamba chiyenera kuyambira pa chisankho cha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a mpope, ndiye ndi mfundo iti yosankha mpope? Pamaziko otani? 1. Pangani mtundu ndi ntchito ya mpope yosankhidwa kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za kayendedwe ka chipangizo, mutu, kupanikizika, kutentha, cavitation allowance, kuyamwa ndi zina za ndondomeko. 2, iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za sing'anga Pakutumiza kwapampu yoyaka, yophulika, yapoizoni kapena yamtengo wapatali ya mpope, chisindikizo cha shaft chiyenera kukhala chodalirika kapena chopanda kupopera, monga pampu yamagetsi (palibe chisindikizo cha shaft, kugwiritsa ntchito kudzipatula maginito osalunjika pagalimoto); Pakuti kufala kwa dzimbiri sing'anga mpope, mbali convection amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito dzimbiri zosagwira zipangizo, monga fulorini pulasitiki dzimbiri kusamva mpope; Pakupatsira mapampu okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, magawo owongolera amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosavala, ndipo pakafunika, chisindikizo cha shaft chimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera. 3, zofunikira zamakina zodalirika kwambiri, phokoso lotsika, kugwedezeka kochepa. 4. Kuwerengera molondola mtengo wolowera pogula pampu. 5, zoyendera zikuwononga sing'anga (monga "moyikira sulfuric acid, anaikira nitric asidi"), zoyendera kuyaka ndi kuphulika sing'anga, kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe sayenera kuipitsidwa: akhoza kusankha mpope maginito, monga "CQB mndandanda maginito mpope, IMD mndandanda maginito mpope, ngati muyenera kudzikonda priming, akhoza kusankha FZB fuloroni pulasitiki kudzikonda priming mpope 6. IHF centrifugal mpope ndi FSB centrifugal mpope ndi makhalidwe a liwiro, voliyumu yaing'ono, kulemera kuwala, dzuwa mkulu, otaya lalikulu. dongosolo losavuta, palibe pulsation mu kulowetsedwa, ntchito khola, ntchito yosavuta ndi kukonza yabwino, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu popanda zofunika zapadera, akhoza kusankha centrifugal mpope ndi bwino 7, kufala kwa olimba tinthu mankhwala sing'anga mpope, mbali convection ndi zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosagwira kuvala: UHB matope mpope ndi kusankha bwino zinthu, UHB dzimbiri kukana kuvala zosagwira matope pampu zakuthupi apamwamba kwambiri a uinjiniya pulasitiki UHBWPE, ndi kusinthidwa kopitilira muyeso-mkulu maselo kulemera (kuposa 5 miliyoni) polyethylene. Pakati pa mapulasitiki, imakhala ndi kukana kovala bwino. Kuyerekeza koyesera kukuwonetsa kuti kukana kwake kuvala ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo kumakhala ndi zinthu zapadera monga kukana kukhudzidwa, kukana kukwawa komanso kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri (monga F4), komanso kusamata. 8. Pamene mlingo wamadzimadzi wapakati uli pansi pa malo opangira mpope: FZB fluoroplastic self-priming pump iyenera kusankhidwa. Ngati inunso muyenera kukwaniritsa makhalidwe a mpope maginito, ZMD fluoroplastic self-priming maginito mpope akhoza kusankhidwa 9, malinga ndi mpope ntchito pamapindikira kusankha bwino mwatsatanetsatane chitsanzo: pamene ntchito zofunika pa tebulo ntchito chizindikiro sangathe kupeza. chitsanzo choyenera chingatanthauze mayendedwe a pampu kuti asankhe mtundu woyenera kwambiri wa mpope. Pampu ya Chemical