Chipata valavu zopangira Vavu thupi zipangizo Mpweya zitsulo pachipata vavu zopangira zitsulo annealing

Zopangira valavu pachipata valavu thupi zipangizo Mpweya zitsulo pachipata valavu zopangira zitsulo annealing Angagwiritsidwe ntchito zinthu zosawononga, zinthu zina zapadera monga kutentha osiyanasiyana, ndende mtengo chilengedwe, angagwiritsidwe ntchito zinthu zina dzimbiri. Likupezeka kutentha -29 ~ 425 ℃. Thupi la valavu, valavu imodzi yothamanga ndi valavu yachipata (pistoni valavu) imawoneka yovuta kwambiri, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse zoponyera. Mavavu ena a caliber kapena ma valve a zipata okhala ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo. Thupi la ma valve ambiri, valavu imodzi yothamanga ndi valve yachipata (pistoni valve) imawoneka yovuta kwambiri, kotero kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa ziwalo zoponyera. Mavavu ena a caliber kapena ma valve a zipata okhala ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo. Chitsulo cha kaboni Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopanda dzimbiri, m'mikhalidwe ina yapadera monga kutentha kwina, chilengedwe chamtengo wapatali, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zina zowononga. Kutentha komwe kulipo -29 ~ 425 ℃ Zigawo zazitsulo za Carbon Pakali pano, muyezo womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito m'dziko lathu ndi GB12229 -- 89 "General valve, carbon steel casting Technical Conditions", mtundu wazinthu ndi WCA, WCB, WCC. Muyezowu umagwirizana ndi muyezo wa ASTMA216-77 woyeserera zinthu zakunja "kutentha kwambiri kwa fusible carbon steel Castings standard specification". Muyezo wasinthidwa kawiri, koma GB12229-89 yanga ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito, ndipo mtundu watsopano womwe ndikuwona pakali pano ndi Astma216-2001. Zimasiyana ndi Astma 216-77 (ndiko kuti, kuchokera ku GB12229-89) m'njira zitatu. A: Zofunikira za 2001 zinawonjezera zofunikira pazitsulo za WCB, ndiko kuti, pakuchepetsa 0.01% pamtengo waukulu kwambiri wa carbon, mtengo waukulu kwambiri wa magnesium ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 0,04% mpaka mtengo wapamwamba ndi 1.28%. B: The sundries Cu ya WCA, WCB ndi WCC zitsanzo: 0.50% mu 77, kusintha kwa 0.30% mu 2001; Cr: 0.40% mu 77 ndi 0.50% mu 2001; Mo: Inali 0.25% mu '77 ndi 0.20% mu 2001. C: Kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zotsalira ziyenera kukhala zochepa kapena zofanana ndi 1.0%. Mu 2001, pakakhala mulingo wofanana ndi mpweya, ndime iyi siyenera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofanana ndi mitundu itatuyi kumafunika kukhala 0.5 ndi formula yake yowerengera yofanana ndi mpweya. Q&A A: Magawo oponyera oyenerera ayenera kukhala oyenererana ndi organic chemical composition, structural mechanical properties, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira, makamaka zotsalira za zinthu zotsalira, apo ayi zingawononge kuwotcherera. B: Kapangidwe kake ka organic komwe kamatchulidwa mu code akadali kokwanira. Kuti mupeze ntchito yabwino yowotcherera ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina zamakina, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa miyezo yowongolera mkati mwa zigawo ndikuchita njira yoyenera yochitira kutentha kwa magawo oponya ndi ndodo zoyesa. Apo ayi, kupanga ndi kupanga mbali zoponyedwa zosayenerera. Mwachitsanzo, WCB zitsulo mpweya zili muyezo ≤0.3%, ngati smelter kunja WCB zitsulo mpweya zili 0.1% kapena kutsika kuchokera zikuchokera kuona ndi woyenerera, koma structural mawotchi katundu sakwaniritsa zofunika. Mpweya wa carbon ngati wofanana ndi 0.3% ulinso woyenerera koma katundu wowotcherera Wosauka, kulamulira kwa carbon mpaka 0.25% ndikoyenera kwambiri. Mukufuna kukhala "kulowa ndi kutuluka," osunga ndalama ena amaika patsogolo malamulo owongolera mpweya. C: Magawo a kutentha okhudzana ndi mavavu achitsulo cha kaboni (a) JB/T5300 -- 91 "Zipangizo zama valve za Universal" zofunika za valavu ya carbon steel yomwe ilipo kutentha kwa -30 ℃ mpaka 450 ℃. (b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical chitsulo general valve kusankha, kuyendera ndi kuvomereza" zofunika za carbon zitsulo vavu kupezeka kutentha kwa -20 ℃ mpaka 425 ℃ (kugwiritsa ntchito malire otsika makonzedwe -20 ℃ ndi kuti kugwirizana ndi GB150 zitsulo chotengera kuthamanga) (c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange ndi matako kuwotcherera valavu mapeto" ntchito kuthamanga - kutentha oveteredwa mtengo panopa zofunika muyezo WCB A105 (mpweya zitsulo) zilipo kutentha osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo -29 ℃ kuti 425 ℃, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba 425 ℃ kwa nthawi yayitali. Chitsulo cholimba cha kaboni chimakhala ndi graphitize pafupifupi 425 ℃. Chipata valavu zopangira zitsulo annealing wathunthu annealing (recrystallization annealing): chitsulo kutentha pang'onopang'ono kwa Ac3 (hypoeutectoid chitsulo) pamwamba 30 ~ 50 ℃, kuonetsetsa nthawi zolimbitsa, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono firiji kunja. Pakuti zitsulo wamba, malinga ndi Kutentha ndondomeko ferrite mu martensite (kumbuyo kusintha recrystallization) ndi refrigeration ndondomeko kuwonjezera yachiwiri kusintha recrystallization, galasi zabwino, wandiweyani wosanjikiza, yunifolomu dongosolo ferrite. Gray cast iron annealing: chitsulocho chimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwa 30 ~ 50 ℃ pamwamba pa Ac1, kenako kuzirala pang'onopang'ono. 1) Tanthauzo: Kutentha mbali 30 ~ 50 ℃ pamwamba kutentha kwambiri, kutchinjiriza kutentha kwa nthawi, ndiyeno ndi firiji ng'anjo. (Kutentha kwakukulu: kutentha komwe mkati mwachitsulo kumasintha) 2) Zolinga: (1) Kuchepetsa mphamvu ndikuwongolera ntchito yopera; (2) Yenga njere, kukonza mapangidwe ndi kugawa kwa simenti muzitsulo, ndikuyala maziko a njira yomaliza yopangira kutentha; (3) Chotsani kupsinjika kwamafuta, chotsani kupsinjika kwamafuta komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, kukonza kugaya kapena kuwotcherera kwamagetsi ndi kupsinjika kotsalira kwamafuta m'zigawo zoponya, kuchepetsa mapindikidwe ndikupewa kusweka kowuma; (4) spherification wa simenti kuchepetsa mphamvu; ⑤ Kupititsa patsogolo ndikuchotsa zolakwika zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimapangidwa muzitsulo zopangira zitsulo, calcination ndi kuwotcherera, kupewa kuyambitsa mawanga ang'onoang'ono oyera. 4) Mtundu: Popanga, njira yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito popanga annealing zotsatira sizofanana, pali mitundu yambiri ya njira zowotchera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsekera, kutsekereza chitsulo chotuwa, kapena kutsekereza kupsinjika kwapansi (1) Kutsekereza kwathunthu (kuwonjezeranso): chitsulo Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono mpaka Ac3 (chitsulo cha hypoeutectoid) pamwamba pa 30 ~ 50 ℃, kuonetsetsa kuti pamakhala nthawi yocheperako, kenako ndikuchepetsa firiji. Pakuti zitsulo wamba, malinga ndi Kutentha ndondomeko ferrite mu martensite (kumbuyo kusintha recrystallization) ndi refrigeration ndondomeko kuwonjezera yachiwiri kusintha recrystallization, galasi zabwino, wandiweyani wosanjikiza, yunifolomu dongosolo ferrite. ② Gray cast iron annealing: chitsulocho chimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwa 30 ~ 50 ℃ pamwamba pa Ac1, kenako kuzirala pang'onopang'ono. Kapangidwe ka ferrite kumakhala kozungulira komanso kakang'ono, ndipo chitsulo chotsika komanso chapakati cha kaboni chokhala ndi mtundu woterewu chimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, luso lobowola mwamphamvu komanso luso lopindika lozizira kwambiri. Kwa chitsulo cha alloy, mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi njira yabwinoko yoyamba isanathe kutentha. (Shaft yachitsanzo CrWMn, shaft yowongolera Tenon GCr15) Kutsekereza kokwanira komanso kutenthetsa kwamtundu uliwonse - Kutenthetsa mpaka Ac3 20 ~ 30 ℃, kutenthetsa kutentha pambuyo pa ng'anjo yozizira - kumatanthawuza kutenthetsa kuti kumalize austenization Cholinga: Malinga ndi kukonzanso bwino mbewu zabwino, zofananira. kapangidwe, kukonza magwiridwe antchito: chitsulo cha hypoeutectoid, chitsulo chochepa cha carbon: kuchepetsa mphamvu, kukonza kubowola. Gulu: FP Isothermal process annealing -- Kutenthetsa mpaka Ac3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50 ℃, Kutentha kwamafuta kumatsatiridwa ndi kuziziritsa kwa mpweya pambuyo pa njira zotsatirazi za isothermal mu Ar1: ndi annealing mokwanira kuti muzitha kuwongolera mosavuta Kugwiritsa ntchito: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi ferritic Gulu: FP kapena Fe3C P Gray cast iron annealing and spread annealing Gray cast iron annealing - kutenthedwa mpaka Ac1 20~30 Cholinga: Kuti mupeze Fe3C yozungulira, yofewa Kugwiritsa ntchito: eutectoid, eutectoid chitsulo Minofu: spherical P Spread annealing -- Kutentha mpaka madigiri 100-200 chingwe cholimba, kutchinjiriza kwanthawi yayitali (10-15h) mutatha kuzirala pang'onopang'ono Cholinga: mawonekedwe ofananira Oyenera: zopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri: Njere zowoneka bwino - zitafalikira ndikuzimitsa bwino kapena kuzimitsidwa - kukhathamiritsa Kupsinjika kupsinjika ndi ntchito yowumitsa annealing De- stress annealing - Kutentha kwa Ac1-100 ~ 200 ℃, kutentha kwa kutentha pambuyo pa ng'anjo kuzizira Cholinga: Kuchotsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwa bungwe Kugwiritsa ntchito: zigawo zozizira, zigawo zochizira kutentha Bungwe: Sizisintha Kuwumitsa annealing -- Kutentha kwa T ndiyeno 150 ~ 250 ℃, kutchinjiriza kutentha pambuyo kuzirala mpweya Cholinga: Kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kumapangitsanso plasticity Ntchito: ntchito kuumitsa mankhwala workpiece Kapangidwe: equiaxed njere Ntchito kuumitsa kutentha: T re = T kusungunuka × 0,4 (kutentha) quenching Normalizing - kutentha kwa Ac3(Accm) 30 ~ 50 ℃, kutchinjiriza kutentha pambuyo kuzirala kwa mpweya Cholinga: Yenga mbewu, kusintha ntchito Ntchito: mkulu mpweya zitsulo HB↑ → Kupititsa patsogolo kudula katundu wa carbon (aluminiyamu aloyi) zitsulo kuyenga tirigu symmetry bungwe (mankhwala kutentha, kutentha mankhwala pamaso) hypereutectoid zitsulo → momveka mauna kapangidwe Fe3CⅡ, kuyala maziko a spheroidization mankhwala mbali ndi zofunika m'munsi → makina ntchito zipangizo ntchito yomaliza kutentha kutentha ndondomeko.