Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masks ndi zophimba. Koma kodi zonse ndi zofanana poletsa kufalikira kwa Covid-19 coronavirus? [+] Pachithunzichi, Ashley Haas (kumanzere), Ashley Haas ndi Heather Aboff akuwonekera ku SoHo, New York City atavala zovala zawo. (Chithunzi ndi Gotham/GC)
Ngakhale pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, anthu amatha kumawavala kumaso nthawi imodzi. Onse akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mapangidwe. Sikuti anthu onse analengedwa mofanana. Zina (masks, osati pizza) ndiabwino potsekereza madontho omwe amatha kutuluka m'mphuno ndi mkamwa kuposa ena. Ndipotu, malinga ndi kafukufuku amene wangotuluka kumene m’magazini yotchedwa Science Advances, nthawi zina masks ena amapangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire, zomwe zimachititsa kuti madontho ambiri atulutsidwe mumlengalenga.
Inde, munamva bwino. Kuvala masks ena kungakhale koipa kuposa kalikonse. Thatos sizili choncho ndi nyimbo zolembedwa ndi Alison Krauss, ndiye chigoba chingakhale choyipa bwanji kuposa kuvala chilichonse koma kumwetulira kumaso? Mukatsokomola, kuyetsemula, kulankhula, kuimba, kupuma, ndi kunena “Oh Pizza”, kodi chigobacho sichiyenera kutsekereza zonse zomwe zikuyenda kuchokera mkamwa ndi mphuno mwanu? Kodi chigobacho sichiyenera kukuthandizani kuyimitsa mphuno ndi pakamwa panu kuti zisafalitse kachilombo ka Covid-19 kwa ena?
Mu phunziro ili, gulu la Duke University (Emma P. Fischer, Martin C. Fischer, David Grass, Isaac Henrion, Warren S. Warren, ndi Eric Westman) adapanga "kulavulira pansi" kumene anthu ena amalankhula ndi bokosi. . “chithunzi. Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito mtengo woyipa wa laser kuti achite izi. Kuwala kwa laser kunatulutsa kuwala kutsogolo kwa dzenje la bokosi lakuda. Choncho, kwenikweni, kuyesa sikungokhala bokosi lakuda.
Kenaka, gulu lofufuza linapempha munthu kuti aike pakamwa pake m'dzenje ndikubwereza mawu akuti "khalani ndi thanzi labwino, anthu" kasanu. Chifukwa chake, chilichonse chotuluka mkamwa mwa munthu, kaya ndi kadontho kakang'ono kapena kachidutswa ka galu wotentha, pambuyo pake chimagunda pepala lowala, ndikupangitsa kuwalako kubalalika. Mwanjira ina, madontho kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono timamwaza pepala kuchokera pamenepo. Kamera ya foni idatenga tchatichi, chomwe chidzalola wofufuzayo kuti adziwe zomwe zidalavulidwa mkamwa mwa personos.
Munthuyo adabwereza izi nthawi zambiri, poyamba popanda chigoba chilichonse, kenako kuvala mitundu 14 ya maski. Munthu ameneyu sanavale zigoba 14 nthawi imodzi, zomwe zinkawoneka ngati zopanda pake. M’malo mwake, munthu ameneyu amayesa imodzi imodzi. Gulu lofufuza lidakhazikitsa tebulo la nambala ya mita, pomwe 1.0 imayimira kuchuluka kwa madontho omwe amagunda pabedi pomwe munthu savala chigoba, ndipo 0.0 imayimira zomwe zimachitika chigoba chabwino kwambiri chikagwiritsidwa ntchito. Apanso, kumbukirani kuti iyi ndi mtundu chabe wa mitundu 14 yosiyanasiyana ya masks yomwe munthu m'modzi adayesa.
Masks a N95 kunja kwa New York University Langone Health Hospital panthawi ya mliri wa coronavirus. … [+] (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Noam Calais/Getty Images)
Palibe kukayika kuti chigoba chabwino kwambiri ndi chigoba cha N95 popanda valavu yotulutsa mpweya. Kupatula apo, uwu ndi mtundu wa zovala zomwe ogwira ntchito zamankhwala ayenera kuvala, poganiza kuti zipatala zawo zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira. Masks awa adapangidwa kuti ateteze madontho ndi ma virus kuti asasefukire kapena kuyenderera kuchokera mbali iliyonse, komanso kuteteza wovala ndi wina aliyense. Kuyesera kochitidwa ndi chigoba ichi kumagwirizanitsa pepala limodzi, ndi mfundo zochepa zobalalika zolembedwa. Ndipotu, chigoba choterocho sichiri changwiro. Komabe, amakhala ngati muyezo pakuyesa uku, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madontho ocheperako kumakhala ziro.
Masks opangira opaleshoni, monga masks ovala ndi ogwira ntchito pachipatala ku Hong Kong, China, adamalizidwa pamayeso… [+] Malo achiwiri. (Qin Louyue/Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi China News Service, Getty Images)
Wosewera wachiwiri sizodabwitsa. Poyerekeza ndi chigoba cha N95, kuchuluka kwa madontho a chigoba chamagulu atatu opangira opaleshoni kumakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu, kuyambira 0 mpaka 0.1. Masks awa alinso kalasi yachipatala ndipo amatha kuchita ngati boxer (zovala zamkati m'malo mwa Mike Tyson). Amatha kubisa zinthu zambiri mkati, koma nthawi ndi nthawi amalola kuti zinthu zina zituluke panja.
Pampando wachitatu ndi wachinayi ndi masks a polypropylene: masks a thonje-polypropylene-thonje ndi 2-layer polypropylene apron masks. Chiwerengero chawo chocheperako ndi pafupifupi 0.1, chokwera pang'ono kuposa cha masks opangira opaleshoni.
Omaliza wachisanu mpaka khumi ndi chimodzi adaphatikizanso masks anayi osiyanasiyana ansanjika ziwiri za thonje ndi chigoba cha thonje chansanjika chimodzi. Izi zimagwera mkati mwachiwerengero chochepa cha ziro mpaka 0.4. Choncho anachititsa kuti mapepala ena aziyendayenda.
Mtundu wachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chigoba china cha N95: chigoba chokhala ndi valavu yotulutsa mpweya. Izi zimawerengera kuchepa kwachibale kuyambira 0.1 mpaka 0.2. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chigoba cha N95, choyamba fufuzani ngati chili ndi valavu yotulutsa mpweya yomwe imadutsa fyuluta. Chigoba cha N95 chokhala ndi valavu iyi ndi chofanana ndi mawindo anjira imodzi. Zimangopereka chitetezo chokwanira kumbali imodzi. Ngakhale chigoba chimakutetezani, pamapeto pake mutha kudziwonetsa nokha kwa ena. Ndiroleni ndifotokozenso. Mutha kulolabe anthu ena kukhudza chilichonse chomwe chingatuluke mkamwa mwako ndi mphuno.
Vavu imeneyi imalola mpweya kudutsa mu chigoba kuchokera mkamwa ndi mphuno za wovalayo popanda kudutsa pa fyuluta yaikulu. Ngakhale kuti izi zingapangitse kukhala kosavuta kutulutsa mpweya, panthawi imodzimodziyo, zingathenso kulola kachilomboka kulowa mbali ina. Ngati cholinga chokha cha chigoba ndikukutetezani kuzinthu zomwe zingatheke mumlengalenga, ndiye kuti valve yotulutsa mpweya iyi ikhoza kukhala yabwino. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomangira pomanga Kachisi wa Justin Bieber. Koma chigoba chotere sichingateteze ena kuvulala kwanu ngati chigoba cha N95 chopanda valavu yotulutsa mpweya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogwira ntchito zachipatala sakonda kugwiritsa ntchito masks a N95 okhala ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya.
Malo achisanu ndi chinayi ndi chigoba chimodzi cha Maxima AT chokhala ndi pafupifupi madontho achibale a 0,2, ndipo mawonekedwe ake saposa 0,3.
Malo a 12 ndi chigoba choluka. Nzosadabwitsa kuti mitundu ya chigoba ichi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kuyambira pafupifupi 0.1 mpaka kutsika kwachibale komwe kumachepera 0.6. Masks oluka nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi malankhulidwe andale ndipo amakhala ndi zolakwika. Bowolo limatha kulola zinthu zambiri kudutsa mbali inayo.
Ndiye pali zigoba ziwiri, zomwe zitha kukhala zoyipa kuposa kusavala chigoba nkomwe. Pamalo a 13, bandana imachokera ku 0,2 mpaka 1.2. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti, nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito Axl Rose pamphuno ndi pakamwa kumatha kuloleza madontho ambiri kudutsa kuposa mphuno ndi pakamwa. zingatheke bwanji? Kodi mpango waukulu ungatulutse bwanji madontho ambiri amadzi? Chabwino, yankho ndikudula zenizeni.
Malinga ndi kakonzedwe kake, kamangidwe kake, ndi kaikidwe kake, mpangowo ukhoza kudula timadontho tokulirapo kukhala madontho ang’onoang’ono. Ganizirani za nthawi yomaliza yomwe mudayesa kukankha chidutswa cha Parmesan pawindo lazenera (chifukwa amene sanayesepo). Madontho ang'onoang'ono ndi oipa kwambiri kuposa madontho akuluakulu chifukwa amatha kuyandama mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo amatha kudutsa mosavuta m'njira yopuma.
Womaliza womaliza adafotokoza chifukwa chomwe simungafune kuthawa mukagula chigoba. Chigoba chaubweya chili pa nambala 14 pamndandanda, choyipa kwambiri kuposa kuvala chilichonse. Zoyeserera zawonetsa kuti mutha kupangabe mikuntho yayikulu mutavala chigoba chaubweya. Chiwerengero cha madontho achibale ndi 1.1. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pafupifupi, anthu ovala masks a ubweya amatulutsa madontho ambiri kuposa pamene mphuno ndi pakamwa zili poyera. Izi sizingagwire ntchito pazovala zonse zaubweya. Komabe, monga momwe bandanna amachitira nthawi zina, chigoba chaubweyachi chimasintha mavuto akulu kukhala mavuto ang'onoang'ono. Izi sizabwino.
Zoonadi, kafukufukuyu ndi wangwiro ndipo ali ndi malire ambiri. Sizinayese mitundu yonse yotheka ya masks osiyanasiyana komanso momwe amavalira. Mwachitsanzo, si masks onse a N95 okhala ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya ndi masks oluka kapena aubweya sali ofanana. Bukuli silinafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane za chigoba chilichonse komanso momwe amavalira chigoba chilichonse. Ndipo, ndani akudziwa zomwe zidzachitike, nkhope zosiyanasiyana ndi njira zolankhulira zimavala zotchinga.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikutanthauza kuti mukupopera kachilomboka. Dontho lililonse silingakhale lokwanira kupatsira anthu ena Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Ndithudi, “Aliyense, khalani ndi thanzi labwino” si zokhazo zimene munganene kwa anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, kodi chingachitike n’chiyani ngati mutanena kuti “zili choncho”? Choncho, chonde valani chigoba chodzaza mchere kuti mupeze zotsatira zonse za kafukufuku.
Komabe, zonsezi zimakumbutsa anthu kuti upangiri waumoyo wa anthu uli ndi zovuta zake komanso zina zambiri. Kuphimba nkhope sikokwanira. Kuphimba nkhope yanu ndi thukuta, chokoleti, msuzi wa pizza, kapena manyazi sikokwanira. Kungogwiritsa ntchito chigoba chilichonse sikungagwire ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, musavale masks a Lone Ranger kapena masks omwe samalepheretsa kwenikweni kutuluka kwa zinthu kuchokera pamphuno ndi pakamwa kumawonekera ku Costco. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mukuphimba mphuno ndi pakamwa, simungateteze ena mokwanira. Choncho, samalani pogula masks. Sankhani chigoba choyenera. Kupatula apo, simumati, "Ndipatseni pizza, pizza yamtundu uliwonse," sichoncho?
Ndine wolemba, mtolankhani, pulofesa, wopanga makina, makompyuta ndi katswiri wa zaumoyo wa digito, wodya mapeyala, ndi wamalonda, koma osati nthawi zonse. Panopa, ndine
Ndine wolemba, mtolankhani, pulofesa, wopanga makina, makompyuta ndi katswiri wa zaumoyo wa digito, wodya mapeyala, ndi wamalonda, koma osati nthawi zonse. Panopa, ndine pulofesa wa ndondomeko zaumoyo ndi kasamalidwe pa School of Public Health ya City University of New York (CUNY), mkulu mkulu wa PHICOR (@PHICORteam), pulofesa pa Johns Hopkins Carey School of Business, ndi woyambitsa ndi CEO wa Symsilico. Maudindo anga am'mbuyomu akuphatikizapo kukhala Executive Director wa Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) ku Johns Hopkins University, Pulofesa Wothandizira wa International Health ku Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Pulofesa Wothandizira wa Zamankhwala ndi Biomedical Informatics ku Yunivesite ya Pittsburgh, Quintiles Transnational Senior manejala wa Montgomery Securities, akuchita kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi biotechnology, ndipo adayambitsa nawo kampani ya biotechnology/bioinformatics. Ntchito yanga ikuphatikizapo kupanga njira zowerengera, zitsanzo, ndi zida zothandizira otsogolera zaumoyo ndi zaumoyo m'mayiko onse (kupatula Antarctica), ndipo ndalandira othandizira osiyanasiyana monga Bill ndi Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH, AHRQ, etc. Support, CDC , UNICEF, USAID ndi Global Fund. Ndalemba mabuku asayansi oposa 200 ndi mabuku atatu. Nditsatireni pa Twitter (@bruce_y_lee), koma osandifunsa ngati ndikudziwa masewera a karati.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-22-2021
