Chiyambire kufalikira kwa COVID-19, funso lowoneka ngati losavutali ladzetsa kusagwirizana pakati pa akatswiri ndi dziko: Kodi anthu omwe sakudwala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito masks kuti achepetse kufalikira kwa matendawa?
Kwa miyezi ingapo, CDC yaumirira kuti anthu okhawo omwe amafunikira kuvala chigoba ndi omwe akudwala kapena akuthandizidwa ndi chigoba. Lingaliro ili limachokera ku lingaliro loti masks oyambira azachipatala samateteza wovalayo, koma makamaka kuletsa odwala kupopera madontho opatsirana kuchokera m'mphuno ndi mkamwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pakufunika kuyika patsogolo kugawa kwazinthu zochepa kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala akutsogolo. Bungwe la World Health Organization linavomereza.
Koma maiko ena atengera njira zosiyanasiyana, kunena kuti masks amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale anthu akakhala kutali ndi kwawo nthawi zina. Asayansi ambiri ayambanso kunena kuti mfundo yokulirapo ya chigoba ikhoza kukhala lingaliro labwino.
Kenako, patadutsa masiku akungopeka, Purezidenti Donald Trump adalengeza pa Epulo 3 kuti CDC idalimbikitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito masks amaso m'malo odzaza anthu, ngakhale atatsindika kuti izi ndi zodzifunira ndipo adati satsatira.
Anati: "Chifukwa chake, kuvala chigoba kudzakhala kodzifunira." “Ukhoza kuchita. Simukuyenera kuchita izi. Ndasankha kusatero.”
Bungweli latchula zatsopano kuti "ambiri" a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka corona amatha kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ena ngakhale alibe zizindikiro. Bungweli lidawunikiranso malingalirowo nati, "Nthawi zonse munthu akayenera kupita, Aliyense azivala chophimba kumaso. Lowani m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri."
Webusaiti ya CDC yosinthidwayo ikuti: pKuphimba nkhope ndi nsalu sikuteteza wovalayo, koma kuteteza kachilomboka kuti zisafalikire kuchokera kwa wovala kupita kwa ena.q pIzi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati wina ali ndi kachilombo koma alibe zizindikiro.q
Ngakhale kuti ku United States, anthu ayamba kubisa zinthu zina, akatswiri ena amakayikira mfundo imeneyi. Pali kafukufuku wochepa kwambiri pa masks ansalu, ndipo palibe umboni wochuluka mdziko lenileni wopangira masks azachipatala kwa anthu. Ngati anthu savala chophimbacho moyenera, kapena ngati akuganiza kuti ndi otetezeka, malangizowa angapangitsenso kuchepa kwa masks azachipatala kapena moto wakumbuyo.
Nthawi yomweyo, asayansi ena adanenanso kuti kafukufuku wa labotale awonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri masks, komanso zitsanzo zochepa za pdo it yourselfq, zitha kukhala zothandiza. Ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwa masks kungalepheretse anthu kukhudza nkhope zawo ndikuthandizira kuonetsa kuopsa kwa mliriwu.
Tiwunikanso zina mwazofufuza ndi malingaliro kumbuyo kwa masks ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake malingaliro amasiyana. Koma choyamba, nkofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale mkangano, pa nkhani zofunika kwambiri, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza:
Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, masks amatha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo muzomwe zimatchedwa kuwongolera magwero, komanso / kapena kuteteza ovala ku matenda.
Ponena za COVID-19, kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kumachitika makamaka kudzera m'malovu opumira. Munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, madontho a mpweyawo amagwera pakamwa kapena pamphuno mwa ena. Madonthowa amathanso kuipitsa malo omwe anthu ena amawagwira asanawagwire kumaso.
Apa, masks opangira opaleshoni-masks otayidwa-atha kukhala othandiza, chifukwa ngati wodwala avala chigoba, madontho ake opatsirana amatha kutsekeka mu chigoba. Madokotala ndi anamwino ovala masks oterowo amathanso kutetezedwa chifukwa amatha kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.
Koma ofufuzawo akukayikiranso kuti coronavirus yatsopano ya SARS-CoV-2 imatha kukhala mlengalenga ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono otchedwa ma aerosols ndipo amatha kukopeka ndi anthu omwe ali pafupi. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu New England Journal of Medicine pa Marichi 17 adati kufalitsa kwa aerosol kunali "koyenera." Poyesa, anapeza kuti kachilomboka "kamakhalabe ndi moyo" m'ma aerosol opangidwa ndi makina kwa maola atatu. Ngakhale theka la iwo samapatsirana pambuyo pa ola limodzi. Sizikudziwika kuti makinawa amathandizira bwanji kufalitsa kachilomboka, ndipo kufalikira kumeneku sikungathe kufalitsa kachilomboka pamtunda wautali, koma asayansi akukhulupirira kwambiri kuti kachilomboka kachitika pamlingo wina.
Margaret Sietsema, pulofesa wa zaumoyo ku yunivesite ya Illinois ku Chicago, anati: pNdikukhulupirira kuti njira zonse zopatsirana zitha kutengapo gawo pano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amatha kukomoka, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera Ndi chopumira.
Chopumiracho chimaphatikizapo chopumira chomwe chimatchulidwa pafupipafupi cha N95, chomwe ndi chopumira chokhazikika chomwe chimatha kupanga chisindikizo kumaso ndipo chimakhala ndi fyuluta yapadera yomwe imatha kujambula pafupifupi 95% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadutsamo. (Kuti tipewe chisokonezo, sitidzatcha chopumira chilichonse chigoba kuyambira pano.)
Poyerekeza ndi N95, masks opangira opaleshoni sanapangidwe kuti aziteteza ku ma aerosols. Monga CDC blog ikufotokozera, masks opangira opaleshoni amapangidwa kuti apereke chitetezo chotchinga m'malovu, koma samawongolera magwiridwe antchito awo kusefera, ndipo sangathe kupanga chisindikizo chokwanira kumaso kwa wovala yemwe akufuna kupuma chitetezo.q
Sietsema posachedwapa adawunikiranso umboni wa chigoba kuchokera ku University of Minnesota's Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Analimbikitsa kuti zopumira za N95 zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo omwe amalumikizana ndi odwala a COVID-19, koma akukhulupirira kuti palibe umboni wokwanira wotsimikizira mfundo yayikulu yophatikizira anthu athanzi.
Anatinso masks amatha kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachilomboka pogwira madontho akulu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, koma izi zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro sayenera kukhala pamalo opezeka anthu ambiri.
Adatinso mu imelo: "Sindikuganiza kuti masks angachepetse kufala zizindikiro zisanawonekere, chifukwa mpweya sudzasankha njira yokana kwambiri (kudzera masks), umangodutsa masks,"
Alinso ndi nkhawa kuti malingaliro a chigoba apangitsa kuti anthu apumule kutali ndi anthu ndipo atha kusokoneza ntchito yosunga masks opangira opaleshoni akutsogolo.
Komabe, asayansi ena amatsutsa zimenezi. Amati ngakhale masks sangagwire ntchito mokwanira, angakhale abwino kuposa chilichonse.
A Benjamin Cowling, dokotala wa miliri ku Yunivesite ya Hong Kong, sakuganiza kuti masks opangira opaleshoni alibe ntchito kwa anthu wamba.
Iye anati mu imelo: “Zoonadi, ndikhoza kukhulupirira kuti adzakhala bwino akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala, makamaka akaphatikizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zodzitetezera ndi makhalidwe, koma ndizofunikira pamene avala pathupi. Uku ndikusintha kwakukulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala, koma osathandiza akavala ena.
Mu kafukufuku wongosindikizidwa kumene, Colin adalemba nawo kafukufuku wa Natural Medicine. Ofufuza adapeza kuti masks opangira opaleshoni amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma virus opumira omwe amachotsedwa anthu akamapuma komanso kutsokomola pamakina apadera.
M'mbuyomu, kafukufuku wina wopangidwa ndi Colin ndi ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsidwa kofananako adapeza kuti masks opangira opaleshoni amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chimfine cha RNA chomwe ofufuza amatha kudziwa kuchokera ku madontho ang'onoang'ono komanso akuluakulu opuma. Kwa madontho akuluakulu, zotsatira zake zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri, koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti masks amatha kuchepetsa ma aerosols pamlingo wina.
Maphunziro amtunduwu awonetsa kuti, mwaukadaulo, masks amatha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa ma virus opuma, koma padakali njira yayitali kuti masks akhale njira yothandiza paumoyo wa anthu wamba.
Kupatula apo, pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, ngati anthu sakufuna kupatukana ndi anthu ndikumakhudzanso nkhope zawo, kapena ngati akugwirabe kunja kwa chigobacho, chigobacho chingakhale choipitsidwa ndipo chigobacho chingakhale chovulaza.
Ngakhale iwo omwe amachirikiza kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kokulira kwa masks aboma amavomereza kusowa kwa umboni wachindunji wotero. M'nkhani yowunikiranso zamankhwala opumira a "Lancet", yomwe imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito masks "koyenera" kulimbana ndi COVID-19, wolemba akufotokoza umboni womwe ulipo ngati "wosowa."
Ngakhale kafukufuku wina adawunika masks osiyanasiyana mzipatala kapena malo ena azaumoyo, ndi anthu ochepa omwe adayesa ngati masks ali othandiza mderali - pali zosagwirizana pa masks kapena palibe zotsatirapo zazikulu zomwe zawonedwa.
Mwachitsanzo, Cowling adatiuza kuti umboni wabwino kwambiri umachokera ku mayesero oyendetsedwa mwachisawawa ndipo adatitsogolera kuti tiwunikenso mwadongosolo mayesero 10 omwe adayesa masks. Mayeserowa adayesa momwe masks amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa chimfine m'malo monga nyumba kapena nyumba zogona. luso. Ngakhale mayesero ambiri akuyesera kuti anthu avale zigoba, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kutsata kwakukulu kungakhale ndi chikoka, ndemanga yapeza kuti mphutsi ya masks sikuchepetsa kwambiri kufalikira kwa fuluwenza. mfundo zabwino.
Elaine Shuo Feng, katswiri wowerengera ndi miliri ku yunivesite ya Oxford komanso wolemba wamkulu wa Lancet Respiratory Medicine Review, anati: pKutengera chidule cha mayesero olamulidwa mwachisawawa, pangakhale zovuta zina koma osati zazikulu. .” Kuyankhulana.
Akukhulupirirabe kuti ndikwanzeru kuti mayiko ayambe kuganizira zogwiritsa ntchito masks. Feng adati: "Kusowa kwa umboni wokwanira sikukutanthauza kuti kulowererapo sikuthandiza." "Pamenepa, ndikuganiza kuti njira yabwino ndikudalira njira zonse zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala."
Mu 2015, ofufuza adafalitsa kuyesa koyambirira koyang'aniridwa mwachisawawa, ndipo adapeza kuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala ku Vietnam akavala masks m'malo mwa masks opangira opaleshoni, amakhala ndi mwayi wopitilira 13 kudwala ngati chimfine.
Chiwopsezo cha matenda amtundu wopumira wa gulu la chigoba cha nkhope chinalinso chokwera kuposa cha gulu lowongolera. Gulu lolamulira nthawi zina limavala masks opangira opaleshoni mogwirizana ndi miyezo yachipatala. Komabe, chifukwa palibe amene sanavale chigoba nkomwe, ofufuzawo sanathe kudziwa ngati masks ansalu amatha kupereka chitetezo kwa wovalayo.
Wolembayo adalemba kuti: "Zinapezeka kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda m'manja mwa masks ansalu chinali chokwera kwambiri, chomwe chitha kufotokozedwa ndi zotsatira za masks ansalu, masks azachipatala kapena kuphatikiza ziwirizi."
Kafukufuku wina adaphunzira momwe nsalu kapena mapangidwe ena amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa madontho ndi tinthu tating'ono mu labotale. Komabe, monga mlembi wa mayeso aku Vietnamese adanenera munkhani, kulumikizana kwa pepalali ndi COVID-19 kukuwonetsa kuti palibe masks awa omwe adayesedwa pamayesero azachipatala.
Kafukufuku wa 2013 adayesa zida za chigoba cham'nyumba ndipo adapeza kuti ma T-shirts a thonje amatha kukhala ndi luso losefera mabakiteriya ndi ma virus, koma mphamvu ya masks ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa masks opangira opaleshoni. Gululi linanena kuti masks odzipangira okha ndi abwino kuposa opanda masks, koma akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yomaliza.q
Mu mayeso okhwima kwambiri mu 2010, ofufuza a National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health ku United States adawombera ma T-shirts, matawulo, ma sweatshirt ndi masikhafu okhala ndi nanoparticles kuti aunikire kuthekera kwa kusefa kwa nsalu za chigoba cha DIY. Ngakhale magwiridwe antchito amtunduwu amachepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi masks amafuta a N95, wolembayo akuti amangopereka "chitetezo chocheperako chopumira", koma nsalu zambiri zimatenga tinthu ting'onoting'ono.
Linsey Marr, pulofesa wa uinjiniya ku Virginia Tech, yemwe amaphunzira za kufalikira kwa ma virus, akuchenjeza anthu kuti asadalire masks opangira kunyumba kuti aletse ma virus kuti asapume mumlengalenga, koma kwa iwo omwe amatsatira zomwe apanga, ali ndi luso linalake.
Adatiuza mu imelo kuti: "Zida ziyenera kukhala zokhuthala komanso zolukidwa bwino, monga matawulo akukhitchini kapena ma T-shirts olemera, ndipo chigobacho chiyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mphuno ndi pakamwa popanda mipata."
Monga National Academy of Sciences idafotokozera mu lipoti la 2006, masks a impromptu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa mliri. Nsalu yolimba kwambiri imatha kusefa bwino, koma pali zosinthana. Lipotilo linati: "Kulimba kwa kamangidwe kumawonjezeka ndipo kukana kupuma kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimakhudza chitonthozo cha wogwiritsa ntchito akamagwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho." Anati, "Izi zitha kusokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito."
Kwa iwo omwe amasankha kuvala masks, Feng amalimbikitsa kuphunzira njira yoyenera yochepetsera matenda obwera mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha chigobacho. Monga tawonera mu kanema wa WHO, chinsinsi ndichakuti musakhudze kunja kwa chigoba - ngati mutero, sambani m'manja.
Koma chofunikira kwambiri sindikuganiza kuti masks amatha kukutetezani kapena kukulepheretsani kucheza ndi anthu kapena kusamba m'manja. Monga Feng adanena, izi ndi "bwino kukhala kunyumba".
Yankho: Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti katemera wovomerezeka apangitsa kuchepa kwa chonde. Ngakhale kuti mayesero azachipatala sanaphunzirepo za nkhaniyi, masauzande masauzande ambiri omwe adayesedwa sananenebe za kutayika kwa chonde, komanso sanatsimikizire zotsutsana ndi mamiliyoni a otemera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-19-2021
