Lankhulani za kusiyana pakati pa mavavu achitsulo opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri achidule a mitundu ya zolakwika za zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri

Lankhulani za kusiyana pakati pa mavavu opangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zotayikira mitundu yolakwika mwachidule Chitsulo choponyera chimatanthawuza zamitundu yonse yazitsulo zopangidwa ndi njira yoponyera. Mtundu wa aloyi woponya. Kutaya zitsulo lagawidwa m'magulu atatu: kuponyedwa mpweya zitsulo, kuponyedwa otsika aloyi zitsulo ndi chitsulo chapadera. Chitsulo choponyera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mawonekedwe ovuta, ovuta kupangira kapena kudula kupanga ndipo amafuna mphamvu zambiri komanso mapulasitiki. Chitsulo cha Forging chimatanthawuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi zopangira zopangidwa ndi njira yopangira. Zigawo zachitsulo zonyezimira zimakhala ndipamwamba kwambiri kuposa zida zachitsulo, zimatha kupirira kukhudzidwa kwakukulu, pulasitiki, kulimba ndi zinthu zina zamakina ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zida zachitsulo, kotero mbali zonse zofunika zamakina ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zitsulo zonyezimira. Chitsulo choponyera chimatanthawuza mitundu yonse yazitsulo zopangidwa ndi njira yoponyera. Mtundu wa aloyi woponya. Kutaya zitsulo lagawidwa m'magulu atatu: kuponyedwa mpweya zitsulo, kuponyedwa otsika aloyi zitsulo ndi chitsulo chapadera. Chitsulo choponyera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mawonekedwe ovuta, ovuta kupangira kapena kudula kupanga ndipo amafuna mphamvu zambiri komanso mapulasitiki. Chitsulo cha Forging chimatanthawuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi zopangira zopangidwa ndi njira yopangira. Zigawo zachitsulo zonyezimira zimakhala ndipamwamba kwambiri kuposa zida zachitsulo, zimatha kupirira kukhudzidwa kwakukulu, pulasitiki, kulimba ndi zinthu zina zamakina ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zida zachitsulo, kotero mbali zonse zofunika zamakina ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zitsulo zonyezimira. Vavu yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi kusiyana kwa valve yachitsulo: Ubwino wa valavu yachitsulo ndi yabwino kuposa valavu yachitsulo, imatha kupirira mphamvu yayikulu, pulasitiki, kulimba ndi zina zamakina ndipamwamba kuposa zitsulo zotayidwa, koma m'mimba mwake mwadzina ndi ochepa, nthawi zambiri mu DN50 pansipa. Kuthamanga kwa ma valve oponyera ndi otsika, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kukakamiza kwa PN16, PN25, PN40, 150LB-900LB. Anapanga zitsulo valavu makalasi: PN100, PN160, PN320, 1500LB-3500LB, etc. Kutaya Chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ena ovuta mawonekedwe, zovuta kupeka kapena kudula kupanga ndipo amafuna mphamvu mkulu ndi plasticity mbali. Kuponyera ndi kupanga madzi, ndi kupanga ndi pulasitiki mapindikidwe ndondomeko, forging kupanga workpiece akhoza kusintha dongosolo mkati mwa bungwe, katundu wabwino makina, yunifolomu njere, yofunika workpiece yovuta ayenera anapeka, kuponyera zidzachititsa tsankho, zolakwika bungwe, ndithudi, kuponyera ali ubwino wake, kupanga zovuta workpiece forging si kophweka kutsegula nkhungu, watenga kuponyera. Vavu yopangira (valavu yachitsulo) Chiyambi: 1. Kupanga kungagawidwe: (1) Kutsekera kotsekeka (kufota). The forging akhoza kugawidwa mu kufa forging, rotary forging, ozizira mutu, extrusion, etc. The akusowekapo zitsulo anaika mu forging kufa ndi mawonekedwe enaake kupeza forging. Malinga ndi mapindikidwe kutentha, akhoza kugawidwa mu ozizira forging (Forging kutentha ndi kutentha yachibadwa), ofunda forging (Forging kutentha ndi otsika kuposa recrystallization kutentha zitsulo opanda kanthu) ndi otentha forging (Forging kutentha ndi apamwamba kuposa recrystallization kutentha). (2) Kufota kotsegula (kufota kwaulere). Pali njira ziwiri zopangira pamanja ndi makina opangira. Chitsulo chopanda kanthu chimayikidwa pakati pa zitsulo ziwiri zam'mwamba ndi zotsika (chitsulo) ndipo mphamvu yamphamvu kapena kupanikizika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza chitsulo chopanda kanthu kuti apeze zofunikira. 2, forging ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo ziwiri za forging, makina katundu ndi mkulu, zovuta ntchito zinthu za mbali zofunika, ntchito forgings, mawonekedwe a osavuta kupezeka akugubuduza mbali kuwotcherera, kupatula mbiri mbale. Mabowo akuwotcherera ndi kuponyera kotayirira kwa zinthu zachitsulo kumatha kuthetsedwa ndi kupangira. 3, kusankha kolondola kwa chiŵerengero chachinyengo kuti mupititse patsogolo khalidwe lazogulitsa ndikuchepetsa ndalama kumakhala ndi ubale wabwino. Zida zopangira makamaka zitsulo za carbon, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo za aloyi. Forging chiŵerengero amatanthauza chiŵerengero cha gawo mtanda dera zitsulo pamaso mapindikidwe kwa kufa gawo pambuyo mapindikidwe. Zida zoyambira zimaphatikiza ingot, bar, chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndi ufa wachitsulo. 4. The makina katundu forgings zambiri bwino kuposa castings wa zipangizo zofanana. Forging ndi njira yopangira kuti mupeze mawonekedwe ena ndi kukula kwake kokhala ndi makina abwinoko pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza chitsulo chopanda kanthu ndi makina opangira ndi kukanikiza kuti chitsulocho chikhale chopanda kanthu kutulutsa pulasitiki. Kuponyera valavu (vavu yoponyera zitsulo) 1, pali mitundu yambiri yoponyera, malinga ndi njira yopangira mchenga wamba ndi kuponyera kwapadera: ① Kuponyera mchenga wamba, kuphatikizapo mchenga wouma, mchenga wonyowa ndi mchenga wowumitsa mankhwala 3 mitundu. (2) Kuponyedwa kwapadera, malinga ndi kuponyedwa kwa zinthu kungagawidwe mwapadera kuponya miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi kuponyedwa kwapadera kwazitsulo; Kuponyedwa kwapadera ndi zitsulo monga zoponyera, kuphatikizapo: kuponyera, kuponyera zitsulo, kuponyera chitsulo, kuponyera otsika, kuponyera mosalekeza, kuponyedwa kwapakati, etc. Kuponyedwa kwapadera ndi mchenga wa mchere wachilengedwe monga nkhungu zikuphatikizapo: kuponyera zoona, kuponyera ndalama, kuponyera zipolopolo mu msonkhano woponyera. , kuponya matope, kuponyera koipa, kuponyera ceramic, etc. 2. Kuponyera ndi mtundu wa teknoloji yotentha yachitsulo. Kupanga kotayira kumakhala ndi makina abwinoko, kusinthasintha kokulirapo kwa kupanga, komanso mtengo wotsika wopanda kanthu. 3. Kuponyera ndi njira yoyambira yopangira makina amakono. Ndi kusungunula chitsulo kukhala madzi ndi kuthira mu nkhungu kuponya. 4. Njira yoponyera nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo: (1) Konzani nkhungu yoponyera (chikombole chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zamadzimadzi kukhala zolimba, ubwino wa nkhungu zoponyera zimakhudza mwachindunji khalidwe loponyera), kuponyera nkhungu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito kungakhale ogaŵikana mtundu disposable, mtundu angapo ndi mtundu wautali, kuponyera nkhungu malinga ndi zinthu: mtundu zitsulo, mtundu mchenga, mtundu matope, ceramic mtundu, mtundu graphite, etc. ② Kusungunuka ndi kuponyera zitsulo, kuponyedwa zitsulo makamaka kuponyedwa chitsulo , carbon zitsulo ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, etc.; (3) Kuponyera mankhwala ndi kuyendera, kuponyera mankhwala kumaphatikizapo kuponyera zinthu zachilendo ndi pachimake, kuchiza ma protrusions (kupeta burr, kudula ndi kuthira risers ndi chithandizo cha msoko, etc.), kuponyera kutentha, kuumba, kukonza makina ndi dzimbiri, etc. 5, zolephera za kuponya modekha, kuponyera kudzatulutsa phokoso, mpweya woipa ndi fumbi ndikuipitsa chilengedwe, ndi zinthu zofunika (monga zipangizo zachitsanzo, zitsulo, mafuta, nkhuni, ndi zina zotero) ndi zipangizo (monga kupanga pachimake). makina, ng'anjo metallurgical, akamaumba makina, mchenga kusakaniza makina, kuwombera kuphulika makina, etc.) zambiri. 6. Chitsulo choponyera chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: chitsulo choponyera mpweya, chitsulo chochepa cha alloy ndi chitsulo chapadera. ① Ponyani chitsulo cha carbon. Ponyani chitsulo chokhala ndi kaboni ngati chinthu chachikulu cholumikizira ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono. Mpweya zili zosakwana 0.2% poponya chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, carbon content 0.2% ~ 0.5% poponyera zitsulo zamkati za carbon, carbon content yoposa 0.5% poponya zitsulo zambiri za carbon. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon, mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa chitsulo cha carbon steel kumawonjezeka. Kutaya mpweya zitsulo ali mkulu mphamvu, plasticity ndi toughness, mtengo wotsika, ntchito makina olemera kupanga mbali kunyamula katundu waukulu, monga anagudubuzika makina chimango, hayidiroliki atolankhani m'munsi, etc. Mu njanji anagubuduza katundu kupanga mphamvu yaikulu kukhudza ziwalo monga pilo, mbali chimango, mawilo ndi coupler, ndi zina zotero. Tayani chitsulo chokhala ndi manganese, chromium, mkuwa ndi zinthu zina zopangira alloying. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira ma alloying nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwana 5%, komwe kumakhala kolimba kwambiri ndipo kumatha kupeza zida zamakina abwinoko pochiritsa kutentha. Kuponyera otsika aloyi zitsulo ali ndi ntchito bwino kuposa mpweya zitsulo, akhoza kuchepetsa khalidwe la zigawo, kusintha moyo utumiki. ③ Kuponya chitsulo chapadera. Zitsulo zopangidwa ndi alloyed zoyengedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zapadera zimakhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zapamwamba kuti apeze malo enaake. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chokwera cha manganese chokhala ndi 11% ~ 14% manganese chimatha kupirira kuwonongeka, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osagwira ntchito pamakina amigodi ndi makina aumisiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi chromium kapena chromium nickel monga chinthu chachikulu chopangira alloying, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dzimbiri kapena kutentha kwambiri pamwamba pa 650 ℃ magawo ogwirira ntchito, monga matupi amagetsi amagetsi, mapampu, zotengera kapena nyumba yayikulu yopangira magetsi. Chidule cha mitundu yolephera pakutayikira kwa valve yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Malo osindikizira a valavu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakhala chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Pogaya, chifukwa cha kusankha kosayenera kwa zipangizo zogaya ndi njira zopangira zolakwika, sizimangochepetsa kupanga bwino kwa valve, komanso zimakhudza ubwino wa mankhwala. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kusankha kwa zinthu zokhala ndi mphamvu zogwira ntchito mwamphamvu komanso kukana kuvala, komanso pokonza kuphwanya kwa abrasive kumakhudzabe mtundu wa mankhwalawo. The valavu kuti workpiece akupera ndi choyamba kwa akupera chida nesting, ndiyeno mothandizidwa ndi abrasive particles ndi akupera madzi osakaniza wapangidwa ndi akupera wothandizila kukwaniritsa cholinga akupera processing. Akupera mphamvu amatanthauza mphamvu akuchita pa unit akupera pamwamba dera, amene ntchito pa chida ndi mphamvu akuchita pa kukonzedwa pamwamba kudzera abrasive particles. Ngati kupanikizika kuli kochepa kwambiri, zotsatira zakupera ndizochepa kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga, mphamvu yogaya idzakulitsidwa, ndipo kugaya bwino kudzakhala bwino. Komabe, pamene kupanikizika kumawonjezeka kufika pamtengo wina, chodabwitsa cha machulukitsidwe chimachitika, ndipo mphamvu yopera imafika pamtengo waukulu. Ngati kukakamiza pagawo la unit kukupitilirabe, mphamvuyo imachepa. Vuto lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lotayirira la valve silingathe kunyalanyazidwa, timapanga chidule chaching'ono cha mavuto otsatirawa, ndikuyembekeza kuti zingakhale zothandiza pa ntchito yanu yogwiritsira ntchito: 1. Kutayikira kwa valve yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Choyamba, m'pofunika kufufuza ngati valve ndipo bawuti yolumikizira valavu imalumikizidwa. Ngati sali omangika, mphete ya gasket ndi kusindikiza kwa flange sikulumikizana kwathunthu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kutayikira. Yang'anani ma bolts ndi mtedza motsatizana ndikumangitsa ma bolts onse mpaka mphete za gasket zitapanikizidwa mwamphamvu. Kachiwiri, kukula ndi kulondola kwa mphete ya gasket ndi malo osindikizira a flange ayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Ngati mawonekedwe osindikizira pamwamba ndi olakwika kapena ovuta kwambiri, mphete ya gasket iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa. Komanso, fufuzani ngati pali dzimbiri, mabowo amchenga, maenje a mchenga kapena zonyansa pamalo olumikizana ndi mphete ya gasket ndi poyambira kusindikiza kwa flange. Ngati pali zolakwika zotere, ziyenera kukonzedwa, kukonzedwa kapena kutsukidwa moyenera. 2. Zosapanga dzimbiri valavu chivundikiro kutayikira Vavu chivundikiro kutayikira, makamaka akuwonetseredwa kutayikira kwa kunyamula zisindikizo. Choyamba, yang'anani ngati chisindikizocho chasankhidwa molondola komanso ngati chikufanana ndi posindikiza. Ngati pali zovuta zotere, sinthani mphete yosindikizira kapena konzekerani poyambira. Chachiwiri, fufuzani ngati zigawo zosindikiza zimawoneka ngati burr, fracturing, torsion ndi zochitika zina, izi kuti zisinthe magawo osindikiza. Kuonjezera apo, fufuzani ngati malo osindikizira a nkhokwe iliyonse yosindikizira ndi yovuta kapena ili ndi zolakwika zina. Ngati pali zolakwika, zolakwikazo ziyenera kuchotsedwa kapena zigawo zowonongeka ziyenera kusinthidwa. Chophimba cha valve kapena bulaketi ili ndi zonyamula kuti zisindikizidwe ndi kuponderezedwa. Kuyika kwa mapaketi awa kuyenera kufufuzidwa. Zikapezeka kuti kulongedza kumtunda ndi kumunsi kumayikidwa mozondoka, ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikukhazikitsidwanso motsatira njira yoyenera. Komanso, fufuzani ngati kulondola kwa malo okhudzana ndi zisindikizo kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwa. 3. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri valavu thupi patsekeke bwino kutayikira Vavu thupi mu ndondomeko kuponyera, nthawi zina padzakhala mabowo mchenga, mabowo mchenga ndi zofooka zina kuponyera, n'zovuta kuti apezeke mu ndondomeko Machining, kamodzi kukanikiza ntchito, kuponya zobisika. zolakwika zidzawululidwa. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kukonza kuwotcherera, kukonza kapena kusintha. 4. Zosapanga dzimbiri valavu mpando valavu mbale kutayikira Kutayikira pa mpando mbale ndizofala poika kapena kutumikira mavavu. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: imodzi ndi kutayikira kwamadzi osindikizira, inayo ndi kutayikira kwa mphete yosindikizira. Choyamba, kulondola kwa malo osindikizira pakati pa mpando ndi mbale ya valve kuyenera kufufuzidwa. Malo osindikizira ayenera kukhala osachepera pansi. Ngati kulondola kwa pamwamba kwapezeka kuti ndi kovuta kwambiri, kuyenera kuchotsedwa ndikugwetsedwanso. Kachiwiri, onani ngati pali pitting, indentation, maenje a mchenga, ming'alu ndi zolakwika zina pamtunda wosindikiza. Pankhaniyi, mbale ya valve kapena mpando uyenera kusinthidwa. Kwa mpando wokhala ndi kasupe wothamanga, kusungunuka kwa kasupe wothamanga kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira. Ngati elasticity ndi yofooka, kuthamanga kasupe ayenera kusinthidwa. Komanso, fufuzani ngati kugwirizana kwa T pakati pa mbale ya valve ndi tsinde la valve ndilotayirira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbale ya valve ikhale yozungulira. Pankhaniyi, mbale ya valve iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikusinthidwa kuti ikhale yoyenera. Kutsegula kwa mkati mwa thupi la valve ndikosavuta kulowa pakuwunika kwa kuwotcherera, zosefera zachitsulo, zonyansa ndi matupi ena akunja panthawi yoyika. Zoterezi ziyenera kutsukidwa musanayike. Ngati muiwala kuyeretsa kapena kuyeretsa bwino, zidzachititsa kuti mbale ya valve itseke pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi kuya kwakuya ndi kutayikira, pamenepa, chotsani thupi la valve kuti liyeretsenso. Mpando wa valve wosapanga dzimbiri uyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi chida chabwino kwambiri choyikapo, ndipo mpando uyenera kufufuzidwa kuti utsimikizire kuti wayikidwa. Ngati ulusi sunapitirire kukuya komwe ukufunidwa, pamakhala kutayikira pampando. Pankhaniyi, mpando uyenera kukhazikitsidwa kachiwiri ndi chida chabwino kwambiri.