Makhalidwe a magetsi valavu ndondomeko dongosolo kusanthula valavu ndondomeko madzi ntchito ndi kapangidwe chiwembu

Makhalidwe a magetsi valavu ndondomeko dongosolo kusanthula valavu ndondomeko madzi ntchito ndi kapangidwe chiwembu

Vavu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yayikulu kuposa valavu wamba, liwiro lamagetsi lamagetsi lamagetsi limatha kusinthidwa, mawonekedwe ophatikizika, kukonza kosavuta, njira yonse ya kaimidwe chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a cache, osavuta kuwonongeka chifukwa chokakamira, koma payenera kukhala kukhala mavavu a pneumatic, ndipo makina ake odzilamulira okha ndi ovuta kuposa ma valve amagetsi.
Vavu yamtundu uwu mupaipi iyenera kusanjika pafupipafupi.
Nthawi zambiri, ndi njira iti yokonzekera yolemetsa: chitetezo chochulukira kuti chigwire ntchito mosalekeza kapena kuyambitsa kuyendetsa galimoto, kusankha chowongolera kutentha; Pofuna kukonza matembenuzidwe amoto, sankhani relay kutentha; Pangozi yaifupi yachitetezo chachitetezo chozungulira, sankhani chophwanyira dera kapena valavu yamakono ya solenoid.
Vavu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yayikulu kuposa valavu wamba, liwiro lamagetsi lamagetsi lamagetsi limatha kusinthidwa, mawonekedwe ophatikizika, kukonza kosavuta, njira yonse ya kaimidwe chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a cache, osavuta kuwonongeka chifukwa chokakamira, koma payenera kukhala kukhala mavavu a pneumatic, ndipo makina ake odzilamulira okha ndi ovuta kuposa ma valve amagetsi.
Vavu yamtundu uwu mupaipi iyenera kusanjika pafupipafupi. Valavu yoyang'anira magetsi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi makina opangira magetsi ndi valavu. Wowongolera magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ngati mphamvu yoyendetsa valavu molingana ndi choyatsira magetsi, ndikumaliza malo osinthira mphamvu ya valavu.
Kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chosinthira magetsi chapaipi yapakatikati. Chifukwa chake, valavu yamagetsi pakuyika zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kulabadira /p> Chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi ndikulimbikitsa kuwongolera pulogalamu ya valve, kuwongolera basi ndi zida zamakina zofunika kwambiri, kuyenda kwake kumatha kusinthidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kaulendo, kasinthasintha kapena kukwera kwa ma radial. kukula. Chifukwa mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito a chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi ali mumtundu wa valavu, mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito a chipangizocho ndi malo a valve mu payipi kapena zida, kusankha koyenera kwa chipangizo chamagetsi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe. kupezeka kwa kuchulukirachulukira (kutalika kogwira ntchito ndikokwera kuposa kasinthasintha wantchito).
Nthawi zambiri, kusankha kolondola kwa chipangizo cha valve yamagetsi ndikofunikira pazifukwa izi: kugwiritsa ntchito torque yogwiritsira ntchito makokedwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusankhidwa kwa chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi, chipangizo chamagetsi chochokera pamakokedwe chiyenera kukhala 1.2 ~ 1.5 nthawi zantchito yeniyeni yamagetsi. torque ya valve.
Kapangidwe kake ka ntchito yeniyeni ya chipangizo cha valve yamagetsi chimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ilibe zida zopangira, ndipo torque imachokera nthawi yomweyo; Zina zimakhala ndi thrust disc ndipo torque yotengedwa imasinthidwa kukhala yotuluka molingana ndi nati ya tsinde mu thrust disc.
Kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka kwa shaft kusinthasintha kwa chipangizo cha valve yamagetsi kumayenderana kwambiri kapena kucheperako komwe kumayenderana ndi m'mimba mwake mwadzina, mtunda wa mpando ndi kuchuluka kwa zomangira. Iyenera kuwerengedwa molingana ndi M=H/ZS (M ndi chiwerengero chonse cha matembenuzidwe ozungulira omwe chipangizo chamagetsi chiyenera kukumana nacho, H ndi kutalika kwake kwa kutsegulidwa kwa valve, S ndi phula lopindika la makina oyendetsa galimoto, ndi Z ndi chiwerengero cha zomangira za mpando wa valve). Kutsegula kwa mpando kwa valavu yotseguka yozungulira yozungulira, valavu yamagetsi silingakhazikitsidwe ngati chipangizo chamagetsi chimalola kuti malo omwe adafunsidwa kuti asadutse mpando wa valve.
Choncho, m'mimba mwake mwadzina la shaft lolowera dzenje la chipangizo chamagetsi liyenera kupitilira kukula kwa mpando wa valve wa valavu yotseguka.
Kwa ma valve ena ozungulira ndi ma valve otseguka muzitsulo zozungulira, ngakhale kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za vuto la mpando wa valve, khomo la mpando wa valve ndi kukula kwa groove ziyenera kuganiziridwanso posankha msonkhano, kotero kuti athe kugwira ntchito bwino pambuyo pa msonkhano.
Ngati liwiro lotumizidwa kunja liri lothamanga kwambiri kuposa liwiro losinthira valavu, ndikosavuta kutulutsa chodabwitsa chamadzi.
Choncho, ayenera zochokera osiyanasiyana ntchito, kusankha yoyenera kutsegula ndi kutseka liwiro. Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimakhala ndi zofunikira zapadera zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kutembenuka kapena mphamvu yamagetsi.
Nthawi zambiri, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zozungulira pang'ono.
Pamene ndondomeko ya chipangizo chamagetsi ikuwonekera bwino, kayendetsedwe kake ka kayendetsedwe kake kakhoza kutsimikiziridwa.
Nthawi zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwanthawi yodziwikiratu, mota sizovuta kuyimitsa.
Komabe, kuchulukitsitsa kungayambitsidwe ngati zotsatirazi zikuchitika: choyamba, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yochepa, yosatha kupeza kasinthasintha kofunikira, kotero kuti galimotoyo imasiya kuzungulira; Chachiwiri, bungwe la malire a torque limasinthidwa molakwika, kotero kuti limadutsa kuyimitsidwa kwa kasinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuzungulira kwakukulu kopitilira, kotero kuti mota imasiya kuthamanga; Atatu ndi pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, gawo la kutentha, kuposa kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwamoto; Chachinayi, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, makokedwe malire bungwe mphamvu magetsi dera kulephera, kotero kuti kasinthasintha ndi lalikulu kwambiri; Chachisanu, kutentha kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo kulumikizana kumachepetsa matenthedwe amoto. M'mbuyomu, njira yodzitetezera yamoto ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito chopukutira dera, valavu yamakono ya solenoid, relay kutentha, chowongolera kutentha, koma njirazi zili ndi zabwino zake.
Palibe njira yodalirika yosamalira makina osinthira zinthu monga zida zamagetsi.
Choncho, makonzedwe osiyanasiyana ayenera kutengedwa, makamaka pali ziwiri zazikulu: imodzi ndiyo kuweruza kusintha kwa magetsi olowera; Chachiwiri ndikuweruza momwe motowo umayaka.
Njira zonsezi, mosasamala kanthu za kalasi zidzaganizira za kutentha kwa injini kwa nthawi yopatsidwa mphamvu.
Nthawi zambiri, ndi njira iti yokonzekera yolemetsa: chitetezo chochulukira kuti chigwire ntchito mosalekeza kapena kuyambitsa kuyendetsa galimoto, kusankha chowongolera kutentha; Pofuna kukonza matembenuzidwe amoto, sankhani relay kutentha; Pangozi yaifupi yachitetezo chachitetezo chozungulira, sankhani chophwanyira dera kapena valavu yamakono ya solenoid.
Mawonekedwe a Vavu Ntchito Yamadzimadzi ndi kapangidwe kake Yang'anani ma valve * Lolani kuti madzi aziyenda komwe mukufuna. Chiwembu chokonzekera ndi chakuti kusuntha konse kapena kukakamiza kugwira ntchito kumbali ina kumayambitsidwa ndi zoletsa zokhwima. Valve iliyonse yamagetsi imakhala ndi valve yoyendera.
Valavu yokhala ndi malo awiri (otseguka-otseka), yomwe imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyang'anira katundu wonyamula katundu kutseka ndi kulola maziko; Valavu yowongolera kuthamanga ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lowongolera malekezero.
Mawu akuti "mapeto-control unit" amatanthauza chipangizo chokhazikika cha makina chomwe chimafuna mphamvu zowonjezera komanso zolondola kuti ziwongolere zinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe zimafuna kuyenda.
1 Malinga ndi njira yothetsera ntchito yamadzimadzi ndi mapangidwe a pulogalamu 1, valavu yoyang'ana valavu * imalola madzi kuti apite kumalo omwe akuyembekezeka. Chiwembu chokonzekera ndi chakuti kusuntha konse kapena kukakamiza kugwira ntchito kumbali ina kumayambitsidwa ndi zoletsa zokhwima. Valve iliyonse yamagetsi imakhala ndi valve yoyendera.
Ma valve owunikira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ateteze kutuluka kwamadzimadzi, komwe kumatha kuwononga zida ndikusokoneza kayendedwe kake.
Pamene pampu kapena refrigeration kompresa yatha, mtundu uwu wa vavu ndi wothandiza kwambiri pachitetezo chamadzimadzi a pampu kapena refrigerant kompresa ntchito reflux.
Ma valve owunikira amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito zomwe ziyenera kukhala zosiyana.
2, valavu ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: valavu yapawiri (yotseguka-kutseka), yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yolamulira kutsekedwa kwa katundu wonyamula katundu ndikulola maziko; Chongani valavu, imatha kunyamula katundu munjira imodzi yolimbitsa thupi; Valve yothandizira, yomwe imatha kutsegulidwa kuti itsekedwe kwathunthu nthawi iliyonse kuti iziwongolera kuyenda kwa katundu. Vuto limodzi lomwe limatanthauzidwa ndi ntchito ndikuti mapangidwe apadera a mbale yamafuta, monga ma valve oyimitsa, ma valve oyimitsa, ma plug ma valve, ma valve a zipata, ma valavu a disc ndi ma payipi a rabara amatha kugawidwa m'magulu amodzi, awiri kapena atatu. Mwachitsanzo, valavu ya pulagi ndi yoyenera kutseguka - kutseka kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiriwekegwitse kuti izi zitheke.
Chitsanzo china ndi thupi la valavu lozungulira, lomwe, malinga ndi ndondomeko yake ya mkati, likhoza kukhala lotseguka - lotseka kawiri kawiri, valve yowunikira kapena valve yowonjezera.
Kotero pamene mitundu yapadera ya valve ndi magulu ena apadera monga ofanana nthawi imodzi, kasitomala ayenera kukhudzidwa.
3. Valavu yoyendetsera mphamvu ya gawo loyendetsa mapeto mumsewu wowongolera ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la mapeto.
Mawu akuti "mapeto-control unit" amatanthauza chipangizo chokhazikika cha makina chomwe chimafuna mphamvu zowonjezera komanso zolondola kuti ziwongolere zinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe zimafuna kuyenda.
Zigawo zina zowongolera ndi monga mapampu a dosing, akhungu, zoziziritsa kukhosi, masamba akutchire, ndi zida zowongolera mafunde.
Monga gawo lowongolera kumapeto, valavu yowongolera kuthamanga ndi gawo la msewu wa mphete. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zigawo zina ziwiri kuwonjezera pa valavu yowongolera kuthamanga: gawo la sensor ndi woyendetsa.
Sensor components (inductors) imayeza molondola magawo enieni a ndondomeko, monga kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi, ma level gauges, kapena kutentha kozungulira.
Chigawo cha sensa chimagwiritsa ntchito transmitter kufalitsa mzere wokhala ndi data parameter data kwa manipulator kapena makina akuluakulu oyendetsa okha.
Manipulator amalandira zolowera kuchokera ku sensa ndikufanizira ndi mtengo womwe umafunidwa pamalo okhazikitsidwa ndi malo opangira.
Pamalo odziwika bwino, woyendetsa galimotoyo amapanga zosintha zonse zofunikira pa ndondomekoyi potumiza chizindikiro ku gawo lomaliza lolamulira (mwinamwake osati valve yoyendetsera mphamvu). Valavu imasintha mogwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha data chomwe chimatumizidwa kuchokera ku manipulator, chomwe chimazindikiridwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la sensor.
Chithunzi 1.8 chikuwonetsa chithunzi chamsewu wamtundu uliwonse wogwiritsa ntchito sitepe (FT), kuthamanga kwa ntchito (PT), ndi ma transmitters a kutentha (TT) ndi zowongolera zowongolera ndi maulumikizidwe oyendetsa.
4, valavu iwiri (yotsegula - valve yotseka) nthawi zina imatanthawuza valve yogawa, valavu iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyambitsa kapena kuletsa kutuluka kwa zinthu molingana ndi ndondomekoyi.
Valavu yapawiri yokhala ndi magawo awiri imaphatikizapo valavu yapadziko lonse, valavu ya pulagi, valavu yachipata, valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga ndi valavu yapansi ya silinda.
Ma valve ambiri amitundu iwiri amapangidwa ndi manja, koma kuwonjezera kwa actuator kumapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito zokha.
Ma valve okhala ndi magawo awiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera zonyamula katundu kuti apatutsidwe mozungulira malo omwe amakonza kapena pomwe ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala otetezeka ku zoopsa zobisika.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri posakaniza, pomwe kuchuluka kwa katundu kumasakanikirana mkati mwa nthawi yodziwikiratu ndipo palibe kutsimikizira kwatsatanetsatane kwa metrological komwe kumafunikira.
Dongosolo loyang'anira mwanzeru limafunikiranso ma valve okhala ndi magawo awiri omwe amatseka nthawi yomweyo pakachitika ngozi.
Valavu yochepetsera ndi valavu yodziyendetsa yokha yomwe imatsegula pamene kupanikizika kumadutsa pasadakhale. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mavavu: ma valve opumira ndi ma valve.
Kuchepetsa valavu makamaka ntchito chitetezo chitetezo madzi ntchito kwenikweni kuwonjezeka kwambiri; Vavu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa thupi la nthunzi, apa pulogalamu yamakina imachulukirachulukira chitetezo ndikuwonongeka kwadongosolo ndipo iyenera kudzikhuthula.
5, valve valve throttle valve imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti isinthe kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kutentha kozungulira kapena kupanikizika.
Valavu imatha kukonzedwa kuchokera kumayendedwe a valve mkati mwa magawo onse a mutuwo ndikukhazikika mu gawolo, kuphatikiza kutsegulira kapena kutseka mbali.
Chifukwa chake, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati valavu yokhala ndi magawo awiri.
Komabe, ma valve ambiri operekera chithandizo amakhala ndi misana yoyendetsedwa ndi manja ndi ndodo zothandizira, ndipo ena amakhala ndi makina opangira ma actuator ndi actuator system kuti apititse patsogolo kwambiri, kusintha, ndi makina owongolera okha.
A pressure regulator ndi valavu yothandizira yomwe imasintha malo a valve kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yomwe imapangidwa pakati ndi pansi. Ngati kupanikizika kogwira ntchito kumakwera pakati ndi kumtunda kwa kupanga, wolamulirayo amazimitsidwa pang'ono kuti achepetse kupanikizika kwa ntchito. Ngati kupanikizika kwapakati ndi kumtunda kwa ntchito yopangira ntchito kumachepetsedwa, wolamulirayo amatsegulidwa kuti awonjezere kupanikizika.
Gawo la banja la valavu yothandizira ndi valavu yodzilamulira yokha, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa valve regulating valve, yomwe ndi mawu aukadaulo a valve, omwe amasintha kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake kuti agwirizane ndi ndondomekoyi.
Vavu nthawi zonse imakhala ndi actuator yowongolera zokha.
The actuator imapangidwa kuti ilandire chizindikiro cha data ndikusinthira ku malo enieni a valve kudzera pa chipangizo chamagetsi chakunja (gasi, magetsi, kapena makina osindikizira a hydraulic) kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za nthawi yeniyeni.